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1.
本文首次报道了石松科石杉属(HuperziaBernh.)、水龙骨科节肢蕨属〔Arthromeris(T.Moore)J.Sm.〕和薄唇蕨属(LeptochilusKaulf.)为甘肃省石松类和蕨类植物3个分布新记录属。11种石松类和蕨类植物为甘肃省新记录物种,即:蛇足石杉〔Huperziaserrata(Thunb.exMurray)Trevis.〕、节肢蕨〔Arthromerislehmannii(Mett.)Ching〕、龙头节肢蕨(ArthromerislungtauensisChing)、矩圆线蕨〔Leptochilushenryi(Baker)X.C.Zhang〕、三角叶盾蕨〔Neolepisorusovatusf.deltoidea(Baker)Ching〕、峨眉凤丫蕨(ConiogrammeemeiensisChingetShing)、红盖鳞毛蕨〔Dryopteriserythrosora(Eaton)O.Ktze.〕、黑鳞鳞毛蕨(DryopterislepidopodaHayata)、喙叶假瘤蕨〔Selliguearhynchophylla(Hooker)Fraser⁃Jenkins〕、雅安茯蕨(LeptogrammayahanensisChingexY.X.Lin)和金星蕨〔Parathelypterisglanduligera(Kze.)Ching〕。凭证标本存放于西北师范大学生命科学学院植物标本室(Herbarium,CollegeofLifeSciences,NorthwestNormalUniversity)。  相似文献   

2.
基于野外考察、标本鉴定和文献查阅,本文报道了河南石松类植物及蕨类植物3个新记录种,分别是松穗卷柏(Selaginellalaxistrobila)、线柄铁角蕨(Aspleniumcapillipes)和甘肃铁角蕨(Aspleniumkansuense),并提供了简要的形态描述和野外生境照片。凭证标本保存于中国科学院植物研究所标本馆(PE)。  相似文献   

3.
目的:掌握羊狮慕石松类和蕨类植物资源多样性。方法:通过野外线路调查、采集标本及鉴定等方法,分析羊狮慕石松类和蕨类植物的物种组成及区系成分,并与江西5个保护区进行相似性比较。结果:羊狮慕共有石松类和蕨类植物23科66属167种(含变种、亚种和变型),其中石松类植物2科4属14种,蕨类植物21科62属153种。羊狮慕石松类和蕨类植物区系成分复杂,区系成分以中国-日本分布最高;温带成分高于热带成分,表现出较明显的温带性质,并呈现出热带性质向温带性质过渡现象。羊狮慕与江西5个保护区属的相似性都较高;种的水平上与井冈山相似性最高,与赣南九连山、齐云山和赣北庐山相似性基本一致。结论:羊狮慕石松类和蕨类植物资源丰富,是江西赣南与赣北物种交汇地带之一。本研究为江西石松类和蕨类植物研究提供基础数据。  相似文献   

4.
综述了石松类和蕨类植物系统发育的最新研究成果。目前研究表明传统的蕨类植物概念(包括石松类和蕨类)需要修订, 一个关于蕨类植物的分类系统也已经发表。中国的植物多样性很丰富, 包括了世界上石松类和蕨类植物主要类群的代表。我们利用rbcL基因序列(包括国产蕨类63科中的62科179属184种)构建了系统发育树。基于rbcL序列分析所获得的石松类和蕨类各主要类群间的系统演化关系同以往对各个特定类群开展的较为密集的类群取样和多性状分析(形态学+分子序列证据)的结果基本一致。在参考Smith等人系统的基础上, 我们尝试性地对中国石松类和蕨类植物进行了科级水平上的系统发育重排。  相似文献   

5.
在2004年出版的《湖南植物志》中收录有标本考证的湖南省石松类和蕨类植物683种41变种10变型[1],截至2014年底,又陆续发表了70余个新记录[2-9]。2013年出版的《Flora of China》结合现代分子系统学和最新的研究成果,对大量植物物种进行归并和科属的重新划分,作为湖南省优势科属资源的一些种类数量也相应减少,如水龙骨科( Polypodiaceae)的鳞果星蕨属( Lepidomicrosorium Ching et K. H. Shing )和盾蕨属( Neolepisorus Ching ),鳞毛蕨科( Dryopteridaceae)的复叶耳蕨属( Arachniodes Blume)以及以武陵山区为中心分布的黔蕨属( Phanerophlebiopsis Ching)(归并到复叶耳蕨属Arachniodes Blume)等,书中仅记录湖南省分布的石松类和蕨类植物约434种(含变种、亚种和杂种)[10],数量相对较少,而湖南省分布的一些较珍稀的蕨类植物未有罗列,如川黔肠蕨也Diplaziopsis cavaleriana ( Christ) C. Chr.页、中华双扇蕨( Dipteris chinensis Christ )、全缘燕尾蕨也Cheiropleuria integrifolia ( D. C. Eaton ex Hook.) M. Kato页、睫毛蕨也Pleurosoriopsis makinoi ( Maxim. ex Makino) Fomin页[1]和心叶薄唇蕨也Leptochilus cantoniensis ( Baker) Ching页等[11]。作者根据近十年的相关文献[1-9,12],对湖南省分布的石松类和蕨类植物进行了梳理,统计出631种27变种2亚种和2杂种。自2013年开始,作者对湖南省东南部的莽山、西部的小溪以及西北部的八大公山等多个国家级自然保护区进行了野外考察,发现了湖南省石松类和蕨类植物新记录6种,分属于5科6属,它们的生境及形态特征见图1。凭证标本保存于上海辰山植物标本馆( CSH )。其中一些种类分布的海拔较低,对于湖南省蕨类植物区系特点、科属结构以及物种多样性演化等研究具有潜在价值。  相似文献   

6.
李晓娟  周国富  徐宁  孟繁蕴  万明  李建秀 《广西植物》2016,36(10):1214-1219
该研究报道了山东地区4种1变种和1变型石松类和蕨类植物新记录,分别是石松类的伏地卷柏( Sel-aginella nipponica Franch. et Sav.),蕨类的小戟叶耳蕨[Polystichum hancockii (Hance) Diels]、阔羽贯众(Cyrtomium yamamotoi Tagawa)、粗齿阔羽贯众[C. yamamotoi Tagawa var. intermedium (Diels) Ching et Shing ex Shing]、小羽贯众[C. fortunei J. Sm. f. polypterum (Diels) Ching]、远叶瓦韦[Lepisorus ussuriensis var. distans (Makino) Taga-wa]。同时采用扫描电镜对其孢子形态进行了观察,该研究结果为其分类鉴定提供了孢粉学依据。  相似文献   

7.
维管植物是地球生物多样性的重要组成部分,维管植物的系统分类、多样性起源和演化等问题一直备受关注。随着测序技术的发展,越来越多的维管植物质体基因组序列被解析和发表,为深入认识维管植物多样性的起源和演化提供了新的证据。该文介绍了维管植物质体基因组的基本特征和结构多样性,并以寄生植物为例简述了质体基因组退化;回顾了当前主流的质体基因组的测序技术及组装策略,并探讨了获取标本DNA和特殊类群的质体基因组时需要注意的问题。此外,该文还探讨了质体基因组在系统发育和超级DNA条形码研究中面临的问题与挑战,并提出了相应的建议。  相似文献   

8.
在野外调查及资料收集的基础上,对福建、广东两省中4个纬度相近区域的石松类和蕨类植物区系基本组成、地理成分、区系相似性等进行分析,比较丹霞地貌与非丹霞地貌石松类和蕨类植物区系特征差异。结果显示:(1)研究区有石松类和蕨类植物38科80属206种,其中丹霞山35科65属134种,冠豸山31科51属103种,观音岽31科57属103种,南雄丹霞梧桐31科57属96种,优势科明显但属种分化程度不高。(2)在区系丰富性上,非丹霞地貌区丰富性较高于丹霞地貌区,具体表现为丹霞山(0.74)>观音岽(无丹霞地貌)(0.14)>南雄丹霞梧桐(0.07)>冠豸山(0.02)。(3)在区系地理成分上,科属水平均以热带成分为主(占84%以上),与热带亲缘程度较高;在种水平上,热带成分占比均为59%以上,呈热带向温带过渡特征。(4)在地理亲缘关系上,南雄丹霞梧桐(丹霞地貌)与观音岽(非丹霞)亲缘关系明显,科、属、种水平上相似性分别为0.88、0.97、0.8,两者同质性明显。该结果为探讨丹霞地貌地带石松类和蕨类植物植物的起源和发育提供重要依据,对丹霞地貌的植物资源合理开发利用具有参考意义。  相似文献   

9.
本研究通过野外考查、标本采集和分类鉴定,以及文献资料整理,对贵州茂兰国家级自然保护区石松类和蕨类植物区系组成和分布区类型进行统计分析。结果显示:(1)茂兰国家级自然保护区共有石松类和蕨类植物32科76属237种,优势科为鳞毛蕨科(Dryopteridaceae)、蹄盖蕨科(Athyriaceae)、凤尾蕨科(Pteridaceae)、水龙骨科(Polypodiaceae);优势属为双盖蕨属(Diplazium)、卷柏属(Selaginella)、凤尾蕨属(Pteris)。(2)分布区类型以东亚广布和热带亚洲分布为主,生态类型以阴生植物和土生植物居多。(3)与其他地区的区系比较显示,茂兰与广西花坪物种相似性系数最高,依次是贵州梵净山、四川峨眉山和云南马关县。  相似文献   

10.
石松类和蕨类植物是维管植物的第二大类群, 其起源可追溯到4亿年前。在被子植物出现之前, 石松类和蕨类植物在古地球生态系统中占主导地位, 其重要性一直延续到现在。自20世纪40年代开始, 中国石松类和蕨类植物研究就令世界瞩目, 尤其是2017年第19届国际植物学大会在中国深圳召开后的5年时间里, 中国石松类和蕨类植物研究更是面向世界、走向国际, 研究更为广泛的科学问题, 在物种多样性、保护、系统演化和生态适应性等方面取得了一系列重要研究进展。2017-2022年, 多个中国研究团队利用多组学数据构建了世界石松类和蕨类植物科级水平的生命之树并提出了关键性状孢子囊环带演化的新模式; 解决了石松类和蕨类植物中目级、科级、属级和种级众多关键的系统分类学等问题, 发表了106个新分类群; 开展了大量的植物区系调查和研究, 出版了6部中国石松类和蕨类植物多样性专著和1部世界性专著; 对65种国家重点保护的石松类和蕨类植物进行了迁地保护, 同时实现了桫椤科、水蕨属(Ceratopteris)、观音座莲属(Angiopteris)和鹿角蕨(Platycerium wallichii)等重点保护类群的孢子繁殖; 在系统发育框架下, 研究了石松类和蕨类植物的生态修复功能和生态适应性演化。通过对2017-2022年研究成果的总结和思考, 本文对未来石松类和蕨类植物的发展提出以下建议: (1)提高中国寡型科属以及世界性大科大属的关注力度; (2)加强西藏、四川等薄弱地区石松类和蕨类植物的调查研究, 并结合新技术, 如DNA条形码等以提高区系调查中物种鉴别的效率和准确性; (3)运用多学科交叉的研究方法厘清各科、属、种间系统关系的同时, 还应加强系统和生态适应性演化之间的协同研究; (4)关注石松类和蕨类植物系统位置作为陆生维管植物演化起点的共性科学问题; (5)加强石松类和蕨类植物系统分类学与生态学、植物化学、保护生物学等学科间交叉合作研究。  相似文献   

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RNAs have emerged as a major target for diagnostics and therapeutics approaches. Regulatory nonprotein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in particular display remarkable versatility. They can fold into complex structures and interact with proteins, DNA, and other RNAs, thus modulating activity, localization, or interactome of multi-protein complexes. Thus, ncRNAs confer regulatory plasticity and represent a new layer of regulatory control. Interestingly, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) tend to acquire complex secondary and tertiary structures and their function—in many cases—is dependent on structural conservation rather than primary sequence conservation. Whereas for many proteins, structure and its associated function are closely connected, for lncRNAs, the structural domains that determine functionality and its interactome are still not well understood. Numerous approaches for analyzing the structural configuration of lncRNAs have been developed recently. Here, will provide an overview of major experimental approaches used in the field, and discuss the potential benefit of using combinatorial strategies to analyze lncRNA modes of action based on structural information.  相似文献   

13.
    
Studies on chloroplast genomes of ferns and lycophytes are relatively few in comparison with those on seed plants. Although a basic phylogenetic framework of extant ferns is available, relationships among a few key nodes remain unresolved or poorly supported. The primary objective of this study is to explore the phylogenetic utility of large chloroplast gene data in resolving difficult deep nodes in ferns. We sequenced the chloroplast genomes from Cyrtomium devexiscapulae(Koidz.) Ching (eupolypod I) and Woodwardia unigemmata (Makino) Nakai (eupolypod II), and constructed the phylogeny of ferns based on both 48 genes and 64 genes. The trees based on 48 genes and 64 genes are identical in topology, differing only in support values for four nodes, three of which showed higher support values for the 48-gene dataset. Equisetum L. was resolved as the sister to the Psilotales–Ophioglossales clade, and Equisetales–Psilotales–Ophioglossales clade was sister to the clade of the leptosporangiate and marattioid ferns. The sister relationship between the tree fern clade and polypods was supported by 82% and 100% bootstrap values in the 64-gene and 48-gene trees, respectively. Within polypod ferns, Pteridaceae was sister to the clade of Dennstaedtiaceae and eupolypods with a high support value, and the relationship of Dennstaedtiaceae–eupolypods was strongly supported. With recent parallel advances in the phylogenetics of ferns using nuclear data, chloroplast phylogenomics shows great potential in providing a framework for testing the impact of reticulate evolution in the early evolution of ferns.  相似文献   

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Abstract More than 190 plastid genomes have been completely sequenced during the past two decades due to advances in DNA sequencing technologies. Based on this unprecedented abundance of data, extensive genomic changes have been revealed in the plastid genomes. Inversion is the most common mechanism that leads to gene order changes. Several inversion events have been recognized as informative phylogenetic markers, such as a 30‐kb inversion found in all living vascular plants minus lycopsids and two short inversions putatively shared by all ferns. Gene loss is a common event throughout plastid genome evolution. Many genes were independently lost or transferred to the nuclear genome in multiple plant lineages. The trnR‐CCG gene was lost in some clades of lycophytes, ferns, and seed plants, and all the ndh genes were absent in parasitic plants, gnetophytes, Pinaceae, and the Taiwan moth orchid. Certain parasitic plants have, in particular, lost plastid genes related to photosynthesis because of the relaxation of functional constraint. The dramatic growth of plastid genome sequences has also promoted the use of whole plastid sequences and genomic features to solve phylogenetic problems. Chloroplast phylogenomics has provided additional evidence for deep‐level phylogenetic relationships as well as increased phylogenetic resolutions at low taxonomic levels. However, chloroplast phylogenomics is still in its infant stage and rigorous analysis methodology has yet to be developed.  相似文献   

16.
More than 190 plastid genomes have been completely sequenced during the past two decades due to advances in DNA sequencing technologies.Based on this unprecedented abundance of data,extensive genomic changes have been revealed in the plastid genomes.Inversion is the most common mechanism that leads to gene order changes.Several inversion events have been recognized as informative phylogenetic markers,such as a 30-kb inversion found in all living vascular plants minus lycopsids and two short inversions putat...  相似文献   

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Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been involved in the pathogenesis of several human cancers including gastric cancer. In the current study, we selected five lncRNAs namely NEAT1, TUG1, PANDA, UCA1, and GHET1 to assess their expressions in gastric cancer samples compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues (ANCTs) from the same patients. Some previous reports have shown contribution of these lncRNAs in gastric cancer. However, we aimed to explore their associations with patients’ clinicopathological data and their potential as diagnostic biomarkers. Significant associations were found between site of primary tumor and relative expression of all lncRNAs in cancer samples compared with ANCTs. Besides, GHET1 relative expression was associated with lymph node status. The diagnostic power of GHET1 was higher from other lncRNAs. Combination of GHET1, TUG1, UCA1, and PANDA increased the diagnostic power and significance (AUC = 0.8; P < 0.0001). The current study supports participation of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and highlights their potential as diagnostic biomarkers.  相似文献   

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Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) PTCSC3 (hereafter PTCSC3 is used to represent lncRNA PTCSC3) inhibits glioma and thyroid cancer, indicating its potential tumor suppression function in other types of cancers. We explored the potential involvement of PTCSC3 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In the current study, we found that PTCSC3 was downregulated in tumor tissues of patients with TNBC. PTCSC3 expression was positively correlated with plasma levels of PTCSC3. LncRNA H19 was upregulated and was inversely correlated with PTCSC3 in tumor tissues. PTCSC3 overexpression led to downregulated H19 in TNBC cells, while H19 overexpression did not affect PTCSC3 expression. PTCSC3 inhibited and H19 promoted proliferation of TNBC cells. H19 overexpression attenuated the effects of PTCSC3 overexpression. Cancer cell migration and invasion were not significantly affected by PTCSC3 overexpression. Therefore, lncRNA PTCSC3 inhibits TNBC cell proliferation by downregulating lncRNA H19.  相似文献   

20.
RNA editing alters the nucleotide sequence of an RNA molecule so that it deviates from the sequence of its DNA template. Different RNA-editing systems are found in the major eukaryotic lineages, and these systems are thought to have evolved independently. In this study, we provide a detailed analysis of data on C-to-U editing sites in land plant chloroplasts and propose a model for the evolution of RNA editing in land plants. First, our data suggest that the limited RNA-editing system of seed plants and the much more extensive systems found in hornworts and ferns are of monophyletic origin. Further, although some eukaryotic editing systems appear to have evolved to regulate gene expression, or at least are now involved in gene regulation, there is no evidence that RNA editing plays a role in gene regulation in land plant chloroplasts. Instead, our results suggest that land plant chloroplast C-to-U RNA editing originated as a mechanism to generate variation at the RNA level, which could complement variation at the DNA level. Under this model, many of the original sites, particularly in seed plants, have been subsequently lost due to mutation at the DNA level, and the function of extant sites is merely to conserve certain codons. This is the first comprehensive model for the evolution of the chloroplast RNA-editing system of land plants and may also be applicable to the evolution of RNA editing in plant mitochondria.  相似文献   

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