输尿管镜钬激光碎石术与气压弹道碎石术治疗下段输尿管结石的临床疗效分析

目的:探讨输尿管镜钬激光碎石术与气压弹道碎石术治疗下段输尿管结石的临床疗效。方法:选取146例输尿管下段结石患者,将所有患者随机分为试验组和治疗组两组,其中试验组患者均采取输尿管镜钬激光碎石术进行治疗,而对照组患者则采取气压弹道碎石术进行治疗,比较两组患者手术前后的血清肌酐(Serum creatinine,Sc R)和血尿素氮(Blood urea nitrogen,BUN)等手术指标。结果:对照组患者完成手术所需要的时间和住院时间以及血尿时间均明显长于试验组患者,对照组患者之中的碎石成功率为71.91%(105例),明显低于试验组患者的碎石成功率84.25%(123例),两组患者之间的数据比较均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。两组患者手术之前的BUN和Sc R水平均无明显差异,而在手术之后两组患者的BUN和Sc R水平均显著降低,并且试验组患者的降低幅度明显大于对照组患者(均P0.05)。试验组患者在术后一个月时的结石排净率为94.52%,明显高于对照组患者的83.56%(P0.05);试验组患者的并发症发生率为3.42%,明显低于对照组患者的13.01%(P0.05);并且试验组患者的止痛药使用比例为20.00,明显低于对照组患者的34.62(均P0.05)。结论:输尿管镜钬激光碎石术在治疗输尿管下段结石方面效果显著,且具有安全性高和创伤小以及恢复速度快等优势。     

输尿管软镜碎石术与经皮肾镜碎石术治疗肾结石的临床效果及对患者炎症反应、应激反应的影响

目的:探讨输尿管软镜碎石术与经皮肾镜碎石术治疗肾结石的临床效果及对患者炎症反应与应激反应的影响。方法:收集2018年1月至2019年5月我院收治的96例肾结石患者作为研究对象,依据治疗方式分为观察组与对照组,每组48例。观察组患者采用输尿管软镜取石术,对照组采用经皮肾镜碎石术,比较两组患者的手术相关指标、并发症的发生情况、治疗前后血清白介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、皮质醇(Cor)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)及去甲肾上腺素(NE)水平的变化。结果:观察组的手术时间明显长于对照组(P0.05),术中出血量及术后住院时间低于对照组(P0.05);两组的结石清除率比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。观察组的并发症发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。术后24 h,两组患者的血清IL-6、CRP、Cor、ACTH、NE水平均较治疗前显著升高,且对照组以上指标均明显高于观察组(P0.05)。结论:输尿管软镜碎石术与经皮肾镜碎石术治疗直径≤2 cm的肾结石的临床效果相当,但输尿管软镜碎石术导致的术中出血量更少,引起的炎症反应及应激反应更轻,安全性更高。     

输尿管镜下钬激光碎石与体外冲击波碎石术治疗输尿管结石的比较研究

目的:研究输尿管镜下钬激光碎石与体外冲击波碎石术治疗输尿管结石的效果。方法:选取2013年1月到2015年1月我院收治的输尿管结石患者100例,根据手术方法不同将患者分为A组(n=56例,直径≥1 cm者23例,直径1 cm者33例)和B组(n=44例,直径≥1 cm者17例,直径1 cm者27例),其中A组给予输尿管镜下钬激光碎石治疗,B组给予体外冲击波碎石术治疗,比较两组手术时间、结石排净、术后并发症。结果:A组直径≥1 cm和1 cm者手术时间为(55.9±1.6)min和(38.9±0.7)min显著低于B组的(72.8±1.4)min和(53.6±0.7)min(P0.05);A组直径≥1 cm者结石排净率为87%显著高于B组的58.8%(P0.05),A组直径1 cm者90.9%与B组88.9%相近(P0.05);两组并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:输尿管镜下钬激光碎石相比体外冲击波碎石术治疗输尿管结石手术时间短,对于直径≥1 cm者效果较好。     

输尿管镜下钬激光治疗输尿管结石疗效分析

目的:探讨输尿管镜下钬激光治疗输尿管结石的疗效。方法:2010年2月到2012年8月我院共收治输尿管结石患者60例,随机分为治疗组与对照组,每组各30例。对照组采用传统的冲击波碎石手术进行治疗,治疗组则采用输尿管镜钬激光治疗。观察两组患者的手术时间、住院时间、结石排除情况和尿常规等指标的变化情况,并评定患者的治疗效果。结果:治疗组患者的手术时间为(46.25±24.53)min与住院时间(3.51±0.62)d明显少于对照组手术时间(54.93±20.81)min,与住院时间(4.90±1.26)d,组间对比差异明显(P0.05)。治疗组的有效率与对照组的有效率分别为96.7%和86.7%,组间对比差异明显(P0.05)。结论:输尿管镜下钬激光治疗输尿管结石具有手术快、创伤少、恢复快等优点,值得推广应用。     

应用管路封堵器处理输尿管上段结石的随机对照研究

目的:研究辅助使用管路封堵器后,采用输尿管镜下碎石术处理输尿管上段结石的效果及安全性。方法:选取自2012年6月至2013年2月需输尿管镜处理输尿管上段结石的病例198例,随机分为应用管路封堵器组98例和对照组100例。封堵器组术中输尿管镜发现结石后,封堵器组患者使用英诺伟IVX-SC10型管路封堵器超越结石远端封堵结石,再予钬激光碎石,对照组术中输尿管镜发现结石后,直接予钬激光碎石,术后留置双J管2至4周。记录并随访患者输尿管镜术后结石清除率及肾脏出血相关并发症。结果:管路封堵器组碎石成功率95.9%(94/98),对照组碎石成功率81.0%(81/100),两组有统计学差异(P=0.0011)。碎石成功后管路封堵器组出现3例(3.2%)肾脏破裂出血,而对照组无肾脏破裂出血,两组无统计学差异(P=0.1048)。结论:辅助应用管路封堵器能提高输尿管镜对于输尿管上段结石的碎石成功率;其使用并没有增加术后肾脏出血并发症的发生。     

护理干预对输尿管镜钬激光碎石术患者生活质量的影响

目的:探讨护理干预对输尿管镜钬激光碎石术患者生活质量的影响。方法:采取前瞻性随机对照的方法,从2008年5月到2010年12月,共有123例接受输尿管镜钬激光碎石术的输尿管结石患者被随机分成对照组和护理干预组。使用世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表评价输尿管镜钬激光碎石术对患者生活质量的影响。结果:非护理干预组和护理干预组的世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表的生活质量评分手术后比手术前有明显改善(P<0.05)。输尿管镜钬激光碎石术后,护理干预组患者的生活质量优于非护理干预组。结论:护理干预能明显改善输尿管镜钬激光碎石术患者的生活质量。     

输尿管镜钬激光碎石术和后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术治疗输尿管上段结石的临床疗效比较

目的:比较输尿管镜钬激光碎石术(USL)和后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术(RLU)治疗输尿管上段结石的疗效,探讨治疗输尿管上段结石的最佳方法.方法:回顾性分析115例输尿管上段结石患者临床资料,其中71例采用输尿管镜术治疗,44例采用后腹腔镜术治疗,比较两种手术方法的临床治疗效果.结果:后腹腔镜组的手术成功率(97.7％)明显高于输尿管镜组(83.1％)(P＜0.05).输尿管镜组和后腹腔镜组手术时间分别为(43.2± 14.7)min和(79.6± 24.1)min,术中出血量分别为(3.1±0.8)ml和(36.4± 3.7)ml,术后住院天数分别为(3.3±2.1)d和(6.7±1.3)d,差异均具有显著统计学意义(P＜0.01),输尿管镜组均优于后腹腔镜组.输尿管镜组手术后并发症6例,后腹腔镜组5例,两组并发症的发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术后1个月复查腹部X线平片(KUB),输尿管镜组17例有结石残留,后腹腔镜组均无结石残留,输尿管镜组的结石残留率明显高于腹腔镜组(P＜0.01).结论:输尿管上段结石采用输尿管镜钬激光碎石术和后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术治疗各有其优缺点.RLU具有安全、高效、创伤小、并发症少、结石清除率高的优点;而USL相对具有出血少、手术时间及住院时间短等优点,但手术成功率和结石清石率低,需其他辅助方式治疗结石.因此,泌尿外科医师应根据结石大小、位置、有无炎性息肉包裹、梗阻程度、肾积水量等术前检查结果及所拥有的设备与技术熟练程度选择最合适的治疗方法.     

输尿管软镜治疗上尿路结石的疗效观察

目的探讨输尿管软镜治疗上尿路结石的临床效果。方法选择2018年1月～2019年6月在我院行输尿管上段结石及肾结石治疗的70例患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法进行分组,每组35例。A组采用经皮肾镜碎石术,B组行输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术,观察比较两组患者结石清除率及手术情况(包括手术时间、住院时间、术中出血量)。结果两组患者的结石清除率比较,A组为91.43%、B组为94.29%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。B组患者的手术时间、住院时间均短于A组,手术出血量少于A组,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经皮肾镜碎石术与输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术的疗效相近,但输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术的手术时间短,患者恢复快。     

输尿管软镜治疗小儿上尿路结石的疗效及对血清炎症因子的影响

目的:探讨输尿管软镜治疗小儿上尿路结石的疗效及对血清炎症因子的影响。方法:选择2013年4月至2016年4月我院收治的上尿路结石患儿60例,通过随机数表法分为观察组(n=30)和对照组(n=30),对照组给予经皮肾镜激光碎石,观察组采用输尿管软镜取石术进行治疗。观察记录两组患者术中出血量、手术时间、住院天数及疼痛评分;比较两组患者白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞(WBC)水平、并发症发生情况及结石的清除率。结果:观察组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院天数以及疼痛评分均低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患儿术前IL-10、CRP及WBC水平无明显差异;术后两组患儿各项炎性因子均明显增加(P0.05),观察者患儿IL-10、CRP及WBC水平显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);术后,观察组患者并发症总发生率为6.67%,明显低于对照组的33.33%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者结石清除率无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:输尿管软镜取石术治疗上尿路结石安全有效、创伤小、并发症少,患者产生的应激反应小,值得临床推广和应用。     

输尿管软镜结合输尿管硬镜治疗复杂上尿路结石的效果评价及对预后的影响

目的 探讨输尿管软镜协同输尿管硬镜治疗复杂上尿路结石的临床效果.方法 选择我院收治的复杂上尿路结石患者96例,按入院顺序分为对照组和观察组,每组48例.对照组采取输尿管硬镜钬激光碎石术治疗,观察组采取输尿管软镜协同输尿管硬镜钬激光碎石术治疗.比较两组患者1次性碎石成功率、结石彻底清除率、炎症反应情况以及生活质量、住院时...     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

Acidophilic and acid-tolerant fungi and yeasts

Fungi have not been systematically studied from mines and mine drainage waters, even though they are often encountered there. This paper provides a key from literature sources and lists morphological characteristics and habitat information for the 81 fungal species that have been collected or identified in pH <4 environments.