白藜芦醇经PI3K/Akt/mTOR 信号通路诱导人肾癌786-O细胞自噬

白藜芦醇(resveratrol)可抑制人肾癌786-O细胞增殖,并诱导其凋亡,但是白藜芦醇对786-O细胞自噬(autophagy)的影响及机制尚不清楚。为探究其机制,体外培养786-O细胞,采用CCK-8检测786-O细胞活力;TUNEL染色检测786-O细胞凋亡;透射电子显微镜观察786-O细胞自噬体;吖啶橙染色观察786-O细胞自噬小泡;GFP-LC3质粒转染分析观察786-O细胞自噬体;Western印迹检测LC3、beclin-1、PI3K、p-PI3K、Akt、p-Akt、mTOR和p-mTOR的表达。结果显示,白藜芦醇以浓度和时间依赖性的方式抑制786-O细胞活力,并诱导细胞凋亡;与对照组相比,白藜芦醇使786-O细胞自噬增强;Western印迹结果显示,与对照组相比,白藜芦醇组LC3-II/LC3-I和Beclin-1显著增高(P0.01),表明白藜芦醇导致786-O细胞自噬体积累。与对照组相比,白藜芦醇使786-O细胞的p-PI3K/PI3K,p-Akt/Akt和p-mTOR/mTOR显著降低(P0.01),表明白藜芦醇可通过PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路增强自噬。综上所述,白藜芦醇通过抑制PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路从而诱导786-O细胞自噬。     

真菌次级代谢产物rasfonin促进舒尼替尼(Sunitinib)诱导的肾癌细胞自噬和凋亡

【目的】明确真菌次级代谢产物rasfonin影响舒尼替尼(Sunitinib,ST)诱导的肾癌细胞自噬和凋亡作用机理。【方法】应用MTS(Methanethiosulfonate assay)和克隆形成实验检测rasfonin和舒尼替尼对肾癌细胞ACHN活性和增殖的影响,通过透射电子显微镜、荧光显微镜、蛋白免疫印迹、免疫荧光方法检测rasfonin和舒尼替尼处理的ACHN细胞自噬、凋亡情况和相关信号通路的变化。【结果】Rasfonin和舒尼替尼能够抑制肾癌细胞ACHN活性和细胞增殖;免疫印迹结果表明,两者均可以引起caspase依赖的凋亡。在rasfonin存在的情况下,不仅舒尼替尼所引起的凋亡和细胞活性丢失明显增加,而且其诱导的自噬流显著提高。无论是rasfonin还是舒尼替尼均明显地抑制哺乳雷帕霉素靶蛋白m TOR(Mammal target of rapamycin)磷酸化,而两者均能促进细胞外调节蛋白激酶(Extracellular regulated protein kinases,ERK)活性增加。【结论】rasfonin促进了舒尼替尼诱导的细胞自噬和凋亡,提高了舒尼替尼抑制肾癌细胞增殖的活性。     

PNN促进肾癌的发展并抑制舒尼替尼诱导的细胞凋亡（英文）

桥粒相关蛋白与肿瘤的关系是目前的研究热点之一。传统观点认为,桥粒相关蛋白PNN(pinin)能够促进上皮细胞间的黏附和RNA的选择性剪接;而新近研究发现,PNN在肝癌、乳腺癌等肿瘤的发生发展中扮演着重要角色;但其是否参与肾透明细胞癌(ccRCC)的发生,尚需深入研究。在该研究中,首先发现PNN在肾癌组织和细胞中的表达显著性高于对照组;且其升高程度与肾癌的病理分级密切相关。其次,降低肾癌细胞中PNN的表达后,细胞增殖被显著抑制,细胞周期被阻滞在G_0/G_1期。最后,降低细胞内PNN的表达能显著增强靶向药物舒尼替尼的细胞毒性,增加凋亡细胞的数量,此作用与PI3K/AKT途径密切相关。因此,PNN能激活PI3K/AKT通路促进靶向药物舒尼替尼对肾癌细胞的毒性作用;PNN有望成为肾癌耐药靶向治疗的潜在靶点。     

Mcl-1参与非小细胞肺癌对吉非替尼耐药的实验研究

目的:探究人髓细胞白血病基因-1(myeloid cell leukemia-1,Mcl-1)是否参与非小细胞肺癌对吉非替尼的耐药。方法:应用Western blot检测Mcl-1在吉非替尼敏感细胞PC-9和耐药细胞H1975表达差异;梯度浓度的吉非替尼作用于PC-9细胞后,Western blot实验检测B淋巴细胞瘤-2基因(B-cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2)家族中抗凋亡蛋白的表达变化;应用Western blot实验检测Mcl-1在PC-9和H1975细胞内降解速度差异。结果:Mcl-1在PC-9细胞内的表达明显低于H1975细胞,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),并且随着吉非替尼作用浓度的升高,Mcl-1表达逐渐降低,而Bcl-2和Bcl-x L表达基本不变,并且PC-9细胞内Mcl-1降解更迅速,半衰期明显缩短。结论:非小细胞肺癌对吉非替尼耐药可能与Mcl-1的表达量上调,降解速度减慢,半衰期延长有关。     

维替泊芬通过抑制YAP诱导白血病NB4细胞凋亡

探讨维替泊芬对人类白血病NB4细胞活性、凋亡的影响及其作用机制。我们用CCK-8实验检测NB4细胞的增殖活性;集落形成实验检测NB4细胞的集落形成能力;细胞周期和凋亡用流式细胞术来检测;凋亡形态学用Hoechst33342染色来观察;以及Western blotting检测细胞中蛋白的表达水平。结果显示,NB4细胞经维替泊芬处理后,集落数量减少,集落大小减小;CCK-8结果提示细胞增殖活性受到显著抑制,且呈现出剂量和时间依赖性(p0.05);Hoechst 33342染色后观察到细胞凋亡形态;流式检测到G0/G1期细胞明显增多,细胞凋亡率明显增加(p0.05);Western blotting检测到YAP、GSK3β、p-AKT、cyclin D1、Bcl-2蛋白表达水平明显下调,Bax、p-GSK3β表达明显增加,裂解的PARP蛋白明显增加(p0.05)。因此本研究提示,维替泊芬能抑制人类白血病NB4细胞的增殖,诱导细胞凋亡。其机制是通过抑制YAP蛋白的表达诱导细胞凋亡,AKT/GSK3β信号参与了这一过程。     

虫草素对786-O和ACHN肾癌细胞系增殖、迁移和凋亡机制探究

探究肾癌细胞系经虫草素给药刺激后,细胞凋亡及迁移的机制。体外培养肾癌786-O细胞系和肾癌ACHN细胞系,采用MTT法、细胞迁移实验、HE染色、免疫荧光染色及蛋白免疫印记法;检验不同浓度虫草素处理肾癌细胞系增殖抑制率、细胞迁移情况、细胞形态变化和细胞核形态差异,检验凋亡相关基因蛋白表达情况,探究虫草素诱导肾癌细胞的凋亡机制。随着浓度剂量提高,虫草素能够显著促进肾癌细胞系凋亡,抑制迁移。形态学研究表明,HE染色观察发现癌细胞数量明显降低,并且细胞核明显变大。免疫荧光染色发现MMP-2、MMP-9和BCL-2蛋白表达显著降低,Bax、Casepase-3和Casepase-7蛋白表达显著增加,肾癌细胞可通过AKT/mTOR信号通路诱导肾癌细胞凋亡。     

IGFBP3通过癌旁脂肪细胞促进肾癌细胞生长与转移的作用研究

目的:探讨肾透明细胞癌的分泌蛋白IGFBP3对癌旁脂肪细胞分化的作用及通过脂肪细胞促进肾透明癌细胞生长与转移的作用。方法:通过肾细胞癌的基因数据库发现过表达的基因IGFBP3,免疫组化和RT-PCR确认IGFBP3在标本中的表达。RT-PCR和Western Blot检测IGFBP3对脂肪细胞分化成熟特征标志物表达的影响。以过表达IGFBP3的786-O细胞为模型,Western Blot检测IGFBP3的促脂肪细胞分化作用与TGFβ-smad1/5/8及TGFβ-p38MAPK信号通路的关系。将过表达IGFBP3的786-O细胞与脂肪细胞共培养得到条件培养基,通过油红染色检测条件培养的肾癌细胞中脂滴含量,迁移实验和CCK8实验分别检测脂肪细胞对肾癌细胞侵袭性及增殖的影响。结果:相较于正常组,肾癌标本中IGFBP3的表达增加(P=0.017)。IGFBP3使脂肪细胞分化成熟相关标志物PPARγ、PGC1α、c/EBPα、Prdm16、UCP1表达增加。以IGFBP3处理脂肪细胞时,可以增加TGFβ下游蛋白表达水平,30 min后p-smad1/5/8表达增加(P=0.024),60 min后p-p38MAPK表达明显增加(P=0.013)。条件培养后的786-O细胞内的脂滴形成增加(P=0.028),脂肪细胞促进786-O细胞的增殖和迁移能力。结论:IGFBP3是肾透明细胞癌中过度表达的蛋白,能够促进前脂肪细胞分化,其机制主要通过激活TGFβ通路中的smad1/5/8、p38MAPK。成熟的脂肪细胞能够促进肾癌细胞质脂滴形成,并且促进肿瘤的增殖、提高肿瘤的侵袭性。     

CHOP双重调控衣霉素诱导的DU-145细胞凋亡及自噬的研究

目的研究内质网应激分子CHOP调控细胞凋亡与自噬的作用和机制。 方法利用衣霉素诱导DU-145细胞产生内质网应激,Western Blot法检测内质网应激相关分子Grp78、Grp94、p-eIF2α和CHOP及自噬蛋白LC3Ⅱ、Atg5和Beclin1的表达;用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡水平;沉默CHOP基因,用Western Blot法检测凋亡蛋白PARP、Caspase3的表达,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡;并利用免疫荧光检测自噬标志性蛋白LC3B的表达。 结果衣霉素诱导DU-145细胞内质网应激能诱导一定程度的细胞凋亡,衣霉素处理8、12、24?h的细胞凋亡率分别为3.27﹪±1.02﹪,8.97﹪±0.71﹪和11.67﹪±1.41﹪,处理12?h及24?h的细胞凋亡率与对照组相比差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。同时也能通过抑制PI3K/AKt/mTOR信号通路激活DU-145细胞自噬。CHOP基因沉默抑制细胞凋亡,shCtrl组细胞凋亡率为32.17﹪±3.93﹪,shCHOP-1组细胞凋亡率为23.53﹪±3.41﹪,两组相比差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。且CHOP基因沉默能促进细胞自噬分子LC3B的表达。 结论衣霉素诱导DU-145细胞内质网应激状态下,CHOP在细胞凋亡与自噬之间发挥双重调控作用。     

HepaCAM对肾癌786-0细胞Caspase-3活性和表达的影响

探讨肝细胞黏附分子(hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule,hepaCAM)在肾癌786-0细胞中不同表达水平对其凋亡及Caspase-3活性和表达的影响。将携带hepaCAM基因的重组质粒瞬时转染786-0细胞,RT-PCR鉴定hepaCAM基因在786-0中的表达;FCM检测细胞凋亡情况;分光光度计结合Western印迹法检测hepaCAM表达与Caspase-3活性及蛋白水平表达的关系。结果显示,上调hepaCAM基因表达能诱导肾癌786-0细胞凋亡,能上调Caspase-3活性及其蛋白水平且与hepaCAM表达水平呈正相关。上述结果表达,hepaCAM可能通过调节Caspase-3凋亡通路诱导肾癌786-0细胞凋亡。     

阿帕替尼对人肝癌细胞增殖及凋亡的作用机制研究

目的:探讨阿帕替尼抑制肝癌细胞增殖促进凋亡的作用机制。方法:选取肝癌细胞系SNU739、HepG2,以CCK-8细胞增殖实验、平板克隆实验测定阿帕替尼对肝癌细胞增殖及克隆形成能力的影响;流式细胞术检测阿帕替尼对肝癌细胞凋亡的影响;蛋白免疫印迹法检测阿帕替尼影响肝癌细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bax、Bcl-2及Caspase3的表达情况。结果:与对照组相比,阿帕替尼可显著抑制肝癌细胞增殖(P0.05)。平板克隆实验提示与对照组相比,10μM和20μM阿帕替尼组肝癌细胞克隆数明显减少(P0.05)。流式细胞术结果提示10μM和20μM阿帕替尼处理组细胞凋亡率明显增加(P0.05)。蛋白免疫印迹法结果显示经阿帕替尼处理的肝癌细胞,促凋亡蛋白Bax及Caspase3的活性片段Cleaved-caspase3表达水平显著上调,抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2显著下调(P0.01)。结论:阿帕替尼通过调节肝癌细胞凋亡相关蛋白从而抑制肝癌细胞增殖、促进其凋亡。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.