外周血单个核细胞计数与2型糖尿病的相关性分析

目的:将传统的外周血单个核细胞分离计数方法加以改进,并探讨2型糖尿病(DM)患者外周血单个核细胞数量与疾病的相关性。方法:密度梯度离心分离30例健康体检者单个核细胞,不同染色稀释液重悬细胞,充入改良牛鲍计数板连续计数5天,计算批内、批间变异;采用上述方法分离2型DM患者抗凝全血29例,计算单个核细胞数量;采用全自动生化分析仪检测对照组和2型DM组患者血脂。结果:两组的单个核细胞经3种前处理染液稀释重悬细胞后,计数结果间无统计学差异(P0.05);2型DM组与健康对照组比较,外周血单个核细胞计数绝对值无显著性差异(P0.05),血清TG、TC、LDL水平明显升高,差别具有统计学意义(P0.05),而其他指标结果间比较无差异。在对照组中,单个核细胞计数结果与白细胞呈正相关(r=0.611,P0.05),与血清TC、LDL水平呈负相关(r1=-0.550,r2=-0.605,P0.05)。而T2DM组,单个核细胞计数结果仅与LDL水平呈负相关(r=-0.104,P0.05)。结论:外周血单个核细胞数与2型糖尿病无明显相关性。     

miR-21 和miR-155在系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血B 细胞中的表达及意义

目的：探讨miR-21 和miR-155 在系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血B 细胞中的表达及意义。方法：将93 例系统性红斑狼疮(SLE) 患者根据SLEDAL评分分为轻度活动组(n=49)和中重度活动组(n=44),并选择40 例健康者作为对照组,采用实时荧光定量PCR 技术检测其外周血B细胞中miR-21、miR-155、骨形成蛋白-2(BMP-2)和骨形成蛋白受体Ⅱ(BMPRⅡ)的表达。结果：SLE 患者外 周血B 细胞中miR-21 和miR-155 相对表达量均高于对照组(P<0.05),中重度活动组患者外周血B 细胞中miR-21 和miR-155 相 对表达量均高于轻度活动组和对照组,且轻度活动组高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);SLE 患者外周血B 细胞中 BMP-2 mRNA 和BMPRⅡ mRNA 相对表达量均高于对照组(P<0.05),中重度活动组患者外周血B 细胞中BMP-2 mRNA和BMPR Ⅱ mRNA 相对表达量均高于轻度活动组和对照组,且轻度活动组高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析显 示SLE 患者外周血B 细胞中miR-21 和miR-155 相对表达量与BMP-2 mRNA和BMPRⅡ mRNA均呈正相关(r=0.292、0.365 和 0.481、0.279,P<0.05),SLE 患者外周血B细胞中miR-21 和miR-155 相对表达量均与补体C3 和补体C4 水平呈显著负相关(r=-0. 570、-0.289 和-0.751、-0.308,P<0.05)。结论：miR-21 和miR-155 在SLE 患者外周血B细胞中呈高表达,可能通过BMP信号通路 异常活化而发挥作用,且与补体C3 和C4 呈负相关,有望作为监控SLE 患者病情的参考指标。     

慢性牙周炎合并2型糖尿病患者龈沟液miR-21、miR-34a表达水平与牙周指标和Th1/Th2/Th17失衡的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨慢性牙周炎（CP）合并2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者龈沟液微小核糖核酸（miR）-21、miR-34a表达水平与牙周指标和辅助性T细胞（Th）1/Th2/Th17失衡的关系。方法：选取2020年3月～2022年3月首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院口腔科收治的114例CP患者，根据是否合并T2DM分为CP合并T2DM组36例和单纯CP组78例，另选取60名健康体检者为对照组。对比三组牙周指标、龈沟液miR-21、miR-34a表达和外周血Th1、Th2、Th17、Th1/Th2/Th17、血清Th1、Th2、Th17相关细胞因子水平，采用Spearman相关性分析CP合并T2DM患者龈沟液miR-21、miR-34a表达与牙周指标和外周血Th1、Th2、Th17、Th1/Th2/Th17及其相关细胞因子水平的相关性。采用Pearson/Spearman相关性分析CP合并T2DM患者牙周指标与外周血Th1、Th2、Th17、Th1/Th2/Th17及其相关细胞因子水平的相关性。结果：对照组、单纯CP组、CP合并T2DM组菌斑指数（PLI）、牙龈出血指数（BI）、附着丧失（AL）、探诊深度（PD）依次增加，龈沟液miR-21和外周血Th2及血清白细胞介素（IL）-2、干扰素-γ（INF-γ）依次降低，龈沟液miR-34a和外周血Th1、Th17、Th1/Th2/Th17及血清IL-4、IL-10、IL-17、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）依次升高（P＜0.05）。Spearman相关性分析显示，CP合并T2DM患者龈沟液miR-21表达与PLI、BI、AL、PD和外周血Th1、Th17、Th1/Th2/Th17及血清IL-4、IL-10、IL-17、TNF-α呈负相关，与外周血Th2和血清IL-2、INF-γ呈正相关（P＜0.05）；而miR-34a则与之相反。Pearson/Spearman相关性分析显示，CP合并T2DM患者PLI、BI、AL、PD与外周血Th1、Th17、Th1/Th2/Th17和血清IL-4、IL-10、IL-17、TNF-α呈正相关，与外周血Th2和血清IL-2、INF-γ呈负相关（P＜0.05）。结论：CP合并T2DM患者龈沟液miR-21低表达和miR-34a高表达，与牙周状况差有关，可能通过调节Th1/Th2/Th17失衡参与CP合并T2DM进展。     

人外周血单个核细胞与脐带间充质干细胞共培养的AFM研究

采用原子力显微镜与倒置显微镜在细胞层次上观察了人外周单个核细胞(PBMCs)与同种异源脐带间充质干细胞(hUC-MSCs)共培养的过程,并在单细胞水平上分析了共培养前后人外周单个核细胞的形貌和生物物理性质。结果发现:共培养后贴壁人外周单个核细胞的形态发生了很大的改变,并且表面分布着大小不一的颗粒状聚合物。利用AFM高空间分辨的力位移曲线测量系统,发现共培养72h后培养上清中人外周单个核细胞、贴壁的人外周单个核细胞的粘滞力分别是单纯培养72h的人外周单个核细胞的2倍、5倍,而细胞的硬度分别是单纯培养人外周单个核细胞的1.5倍、2倍。CCK-8检测提示,共培养过程中,干细胞的生长与外周血单个核细胞的生长出现了竞争作用。通过AFM探测人外周单个核细胞与脐带间充质干细胞共培养的可视化数据,有助于更好地了解间充质干细胞与外周血单个核细胞的相互作用。     

白介素-35对哮喘患者外周血单个核细胞糖皮质激素抵抗的作用及机制研究

摘要 目的：探讨白介素（IL）-35对哮喘患者外周血单个核细胞糖皮质激素抵抗的作用及机制。方法：选择2017年8月至2018年11月于徐州医科大学附属医院和滨海县人民医院确诊的哮喘患者54例,其中20例为激素抵抗型患者（SR组）,34例为激素敏感型患者（SS组）。采用Luminex200液相芯片法检测哮喘患者外周血IL-35的水平;体外分离培养两组患者外周血单个核细胞：通过检测细胞培养上清IL-6的水平确定地塞米松（DEX）对单个核细胞的半抑制浓度及最大抑制率;流式细胞术检测单个核细胞内磷酸化-P38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（p-p38 MAPK）平均荧光强度及表达p-p38 MAPK单个核细胞率。结果：SR组患者外周血IL-35水平显著低于SS组（P<0.05）;与SS组比较,SR组DEX半抑制浓度显著升高而最大抑制率显著降低,且单个核细胞内p-p38 MAPK平均荧光强度显著升高（P<0.05）;哮喘患者外周血清IL-35水平与DEX半抑制浓度和外周血单个核细胞内p-p38 MAPK荧光强度呈负相关(r=-0.351, r=-0.352,P<0.001),与最大抑制率呈正相关(r=0.450, P<0.001);SS组：与IL-35+脂多糖（LPS）组比较,IL-35+DEX+LPS组表达p-p38 MAPK 单个核细胞率显著降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;SR组：IL-35+DEX+LPS组表达p-p38 MAPK 单个核细胞率无显著变化,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：IL-35能够减轻哮喘患者糖皮质激素抵抗,其机制可能是通过抑制单个核细胞内p-p38 MAPK的表达。     

龈沟液miR-155、miR-223表达水平与慢性牙周炎伴2型糖尿病患者牙周临床指标、口腔龈下菌群以及Th17/Treg失衡的相关性分析

摘要 目的：探讨龈沟液miR-155、miR-223表达水平与慢性牙周炎伴2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者牙周临床指标、口腔龈下菌群以及外周血辅助性T细胞17（Th17）/调节性T细胞（Treg）失衡的相关性。方法：选择2018年1月至2022年1月安徽理工大学第一附属医院口腔科收治的86例慢性牙周炎患者,根据是否伴T2DM将患者分为慢性牙周炎伴T2DM组15例和单纯慢性牙周炎组71例,另选择65例健康体检志愿者为对照组。检测龈沟液miR-155、miR-223表达水平,口腔龈下菌群以及外周血Th17细胞占比、Treg细胞占比、血清白细胞介素（IL）-17、转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）水平。Pearson相关分析龈沟液miR-155、miR-223表达水平与牙周临床指标、口腔龈下菌群、外周血Th17/Treg以及血清IL-17、TGF-β的相关性。结果：慢性牙周炎伴T2DM组、单纯慢性牙周炎组龈沟液miR-155、miR-223表达水平高于对照组（P＜0.05）,且慢性牙周炎伴T2DM组高于单纯慢性牙周炎组（P＜0.05）。慢性牙周炎伴T2DM组龈沟出血指数（SBI）、菌斑指数（PLI）、探诊深度（PD）、附着丧失（AL）、牙龈卟啉单胞菌、二氧化碳噬纤维菌、中间普氏菌、变黑普氏菌数量、外周血Th17细胞占比、Th17/Treg比值、血清IL-17水平高于单纯慢性牙周炎组（P＜0.05）,外周血Treg细胞占比低于单纯慢性牙周炎组（P＜0.05）。龈沟液miR-155、miR-223表达水平与PLI、SBI、AL、PD、牙龈卟啉单胞菌、二氧化碳噬纤维菌、中间普氏菌、变黑普氏菌数量、外周血Th17细胞占比、Th17/Treg比值、血清IL-17水平呈正相关（P＜0.05）,与外周血Treg细胞占比呈负相关（P＜0.05）。结论：慢性牙周炎伴T2DM患者龈沟液中miR-155、miR-233表达均上调,且与牙周组织破坏程度、龈下菌群紊乱和Th17/Treg失衡有关。     

辛伐他汀对IFN-γ 诱导的人外周血单个核细胞OX40L 表达的影响

目的:探讨经IFN-γ刺激后,人外周血单个核细胞OX40L表达的变化,以及辛伐他汀对单个核细胞OX40L表达的影响.方法:将实验标本随机分为2组,分别干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)刺激组、辛伐他汀干预组.应用RT-PCR及Western blotting技术,观察IFN-γ诱导的人外周血单个核细胞OX40L表达情况及辛伐他汀对人单个核细胞OX40L表达的影响.结果:1.1000U/mlIFN-与人单个核细胞共同培养24h后,OX40L mRNA和蛋白水平的表达明显增加.2.预先给予10 mol/L的辛伐他汀干预1h可以明显降低IFN-诱导的OX40L表达.结论:IFN-可诱导人单个核细胞OX40L表达.辛伐他汀可以抑制IFN-诱导人单个核细胞OX40L表达的增强,从而可能抑制了OX40L信号通路介导的与炎症有关的血管损伤,延缓动脉粥样硬化的进程.     

miR-139-5p在前列腺癌患者外周血中的表达及临床意义

目的:研究miR-139-5p在前列腺癌患者外周血中的表达及临床意义。方法:收集2015年4月至2016年9月于我院进行诊治的65例前列腺疾病患者和20例男性健康志愿者外周血样本,使用RT-q PCR方法检测各组miR-139-5相对表达量,统计分析前列腺癌患者外周血miR-139-5p水平与临床特征相关性,使用ROC曲线分析外周血miR-139-5p诊断前列腺癌的临床价值。结果:与良性增生组(n=15)患者和对照组(n=20)健康志愿者相比,前列腺癌组(n=50)患者外周血中miR-139-5p相对表达量均显著升高(P均0.05)。中高分化、转移癌、Gleason评分高危前列腺癌患者外周血miR-139-5p相对表达量显著高于低分化、原位癌和Gleason评分中危的前列腺癌患者(P均0.05)。外周血miR-139-5p在区分前列腺癌和良性前列腺增生或健康人中特异性和敏感性均较高,ROC曲线下面积为0.942(95%CI:0.0.785~0.971)。结论:miR-139-5p在50例前列腺癌患者外周血中呈高表达,或可作为非侵入性前列腺癌诊断标志物。     

肝癌患者单个核细胞线粒体DNA拷贝数与抗氧化能力的变化

目的:探讨肝癌患者单个核细胞(PBMC)线粒体DNA(mt DNA)拷贝数的变化及其与机体抗氧化能力的关系。方法:用Ficoll Hypaque离心法分离外周血单个核细胞(PBMC),采用实时荧光定量PCR反应,检测线粒体NADH脱氢酶亚基1(ND1)基因的拷贝数,并以核基因组的β-actin作为内参基因,比较25例肝癌患者与30例健康人外周血单个核细胞中mt DNA拷贝数的差异。流式细胞术检测单个核细胞活性氧(ROS)含量的变化。生化检测法检测血浆中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)的变化。结果:肝癌组外周血单个核细胞ND1基因拷贝数是健康对照组的73%,表明肝癌患者外周血单个核细胞mt DNA拷贝数明显下降。肝癌组单个核细胞活性氧含量的平均荧光强度为(417.82±110.62),健康对照组为(301.82±75.54),肝癌组单个核细胞活性氧含量显著高于健康对照组(P0.01)。肝癌组血浆总抗氧化能力(单位/毫升血浆)吸光度为(1.30±0.85),健康对照组为(3.20±1.62),肝癌组血浆总抗氧化能力显著低于健康对照组(P0.01)。结论:肝癌患者的外周血单个核细胞线粒体DNA拷贝数减少可能与机体抗氧化水平下降有关。     

脓毒症患者短期预后的影响因素及YAP联合STAT3检测的预测价值研究

摘要 目的：研究脓毒症患者短期预后的影响因素及Yes相关蛋白（YAP）联合信号转导子和转录激活子3（STAT3） 信使RNA（mRNA）检测的预测价值。方法：选择我院2019年3月～2021年1月收治的131例脓毒症患者,将其按照28d预后情况的差异分成死亡组以及生存组。比较两组各项基线资料,外周血单个核细胞YAP、STAT3 mRNA表达水平。采用多因素Logistic回归分析脓毒症患者短期预后的影响因素。此外,通过受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析外周血单个核细胞YAP、STAT3 mRNA表达预测脓毒症患者短期预后的效能。结果：死亡组患者的外周血单个核细胞YAP、STAT3 mRNA相对表达量均高于生存组患者（P＜0.05）。死亡组年龄大于生存组,住院时间短于生存组,APACHEⅡ评分高于生存组,合并基础疾病、机械通气的患者比例高于生存组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、APACHEⅡ评分、合并基础疾病、机械通气以及外周血单个核细胞YAP、STAT3 mRNA表达水平是脓毒症患者短期预后的影响因素（P＜0.05）。外周血单个核细胞YAP、STAT3 mRNA联合检测预测脓毒症患者短期预后的曲线下面积为0.845,高于两指标单独检测的0.623、0.687。结论：脓毒症患者短期预后的影响因素包括年龄、APACHEⅡ评分、机械通气以及合并基础疾病等,联合检测外周血单个核细胞YAP、STAT3 mRNA表达对脓毒症患者短期预后具有一定预测价值。     

药物作用靶点研究最新进展

通过对我国学者近2年在国内外发表的相关论文进行检索和整理,分类综述针对神经退行性疾病（如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病等）、心血管疾病（如高血压、心律失常、心衰、冠心病、心肌梗死、动脉粥样硬化等）、脑血管疾病、代谢类疾病（如肥胖症、血脂异常、脂肪肝、糖尿病等）、感染性疾病（如艾滋病、流感、结核病等）、恶性肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病等多种疾病的药物作用靶点研究最新进展。     

我国疾病靶点研究最新进展

主要通过对中国学者2013—2014 年间在国内外发表的相关论文进行查阅和整理,分类综述我国在神经退行性疾病、抑郁症、 心脑血管疾病、代谢性疾病、感染性疾病、肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病等各种重大疾病靶点研究方面的最新进展。     

Clinical and Molecular Characteristics of Japanese Gaucher Disease

Clinical signs and symptoms of Gaucher disease are more severe in Japanese than in Jewish and other non-Japanese patients. A higher percentage of bone crises and splenectomy was demonstrated by Japanese patients, and there were five fatalities among patients with type 1 Gaucher disease. Additionally, neonatal Gaucher disease, clinically characterized by hydrops foetalis, was observed. Japanese patients with type 2 and type 3 disease also demonstrate clinical heterogeneity. About 100 alleles of patients with Japanese Gaucher disease were examined for genotype determination with the PCR and SSCP methods. About 18 different mutations, including several novel mutations in Japanese patients, were identified. The most common mutations in Japanese patients were 1448C(L444P), accounting for 41 (41%) of alleles. The second most prevalent mutation was 754A(F2131), accounting for 14 (14%) of alleles. Other alleles identified included the 1324C, IVS2 and other mutations. Unidentified alleles comprised 16% of the total number of alleles studied. To date, neither the 1226G (N370S) nor the 84GG mutation has been identified in the Japanese population, although these mutations account for about 70% and 10% of the mutations in Jewish and other non-Japanese populations, respectively. The phenotype-genotype correlation in Japanese patients is more complex compared with that of the Jewish population. In Japanese patients, the 1448C mutation, in either heteroallelic or homoallelic forms, exhibits both neurological and non-neurological phenotypes. Japanese patients with the 754A mutation also exhibit both neuronopathic and non-neuronopathic disease. On the other hand, patients with the D409H mutation show only type 3 neurological disease, and those with the 1447–1466 del 20 ins TG mutation have the severe, neonatal neurological form of Gaucher disease. The 1503T allele was present only in patients with type 1 non-neurological disease. However, since this correlation was observed only in young patients, we do not as yet know the final phenotypic outcome of this mutation. Probably, Japanese patients with Gaucher disease have few mutations that exhibit non-neurological signs and symptoms.     

蛋白质组学在疾病研究中的应用

蛋白质组学是在蛋白质水平定量、动态、整体地研究生物体的一门学科。双向电泳技术、质谱技术和生物信息学是蛋白质组学的三大支撑技术。近年来,蛋白质组学技术从整体水平出发,在更贴近生命本质的层次上去发现和理解并应用于许多疾病的早期预警、诊断和治疗。我们对蛋白质组学在心血管疾病、肝病、胰腺疾病和自身免疫性疾病等研究中的应用做了简单阐述,揭示了蛋白质组学技术在许多重大疾病研究方面具有十分诱人的发展前景。     

EAHFE – TROPICA2 study. Prognostic value of troponin in patients with acute heart failure treated in Spanish hospital emergency departments

Objective: Evaluate the use of different cardiac troponin (cTn) immunoassays and the prognostic value of increased cTn values in patients diagnosed with acute heart failure (AHF) in the emergency department (ED).

Method: The epidemiology acute heart failure emergency-TROPonin in acute heart failure2 (EAHFE-TROPICA2) is a retrospective study including patients with AHF admitted in 34 Spanish EDs with cTn values determined in the ED. We studied the prevalence of elevated troponin (value above the established reference limit) for the different types of troponin. We also assessed crude and adjusted primary (1-year all-cause death) and secondary (30 d ED revisit due to AHF) outcomes for every type of cTn and different magnitudes of troponin elevation.

Results: We analysed 4705 episodes of AHF. Troponin was elevated in 48.4% of the cases (25.3% in cTnI, 37.9% in cTnT and 82.2% in hs-cTnT). Mortality at one year was higher in patients with elevated troponin (adjusted HR 1.61; CI 95% 1.38–1.88) regardless of the type of cTn determined. Elevated troponin was not related to ED revisit within 30 d after discharge (1.01; 0.87–1.19).

Conclusions: The use of conventional troponin in the ED is useful to predict one-year mortality in patients with AHF. Highly sensitive cTnT (hs-cTnT) elevations less than double the reference value have no impact on patient outcome.     

HO-1 在肝肾疾病中的作用研究进展

血红素氧合酶是血红素降解的限速酶,与酶解产物胆红素、CO-道,共同发挥着抗氧化、抗炎、抑制细胞凋亡、改善组织微循环等作用。血红素氧合酶1是血红素氧合酶的诱导型在脓毒血症、高血压、急性肺损伤等多种疾病中均呈现适应性诱导表达并产生相应的细胞保护作用在肝脏缺血再灌注损伤、肝硬化、肝衰竭、肝移植、急性肾损伤、移植肾损伤等疾病中也发挥着细胞保护作用。本文综述了近年来血红素氧合酶1在肝肾疾病中作用的研究进展,以期为未来治疗方法带来新突破。     

龟鳖动物疾病的研究进展

随着养殖规模的扩大,龟鳖动物的疾病日益增多,许多养殖场遭受了巨大的经济损失。为此,一些学者对龟鳖动物的疾病进行了大量研究。本文总结了龟鳖动物疾病的致病因素、诊断及防治等应用方面的研究,指出了龟鳖动物疾病研究中存在的主要问题并提出了相应的建议。     

Elimination of foot-and-mouth disease in South America: lessons and challenges

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly transmissible and economically devastating disease of cloven-hoofed livestock. Although vaccines are available and have been instrumental in eliminating the disease from most of the South American animal population, viral circulation still persists in some countries and areas, posing a threat to the advances of the last 60 years by the official veterinary services with considerable support of the livestock sectors. The importance of the disease for the social and economic development of the American continent led to the establishment in 1951 of the Pan American Centre for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (PANAFTOSA), which has been providing technical cooperation to countries for the elimination of the disease. The first FMD national elimination programmes were established in South America around the 1960s and 1970s. To advance the regional elimination efforts in the 1980s, countries agreed on a Plan of Action 1988–2009 of the Hemispheric Program for the Eradication of Foot-and-Mouth Disease. The Plan of Action 1988–2009 did not reach the goal of elimination from the continent; and a new Plan of Action 2011–2020 was developed in 2010 based on the experience acquired by the countries and PANAFTOSA during the past 60 years. This plan is now being implemented; several challenges are still to be overcome to ensure the elimination of FMD from the Americas by 2020, however, the goal is achievable.     

More than metabolic: Considering the broader paleoepidemiological impact of vitamin D deficiency in bioarchaeology

Vitamin D deficiency has traditionally been viewed as a metabolic bone disease by bioarchaeologists and considered primarily in terms of the development of specific musculoskeletal changes used for diagnosis in paleopathological research. These skeletal manifestations are usually interpreted as representing general ill‐health. Clinical research shows that vitamin D is also integral to a number of extra‐skeletal physiological processes including immunoregulation, blood pressure homeostasis, cell division, and programmed cell death. Vitamin D deficiency and sub‐clinical insufficiency are thought to be risk factors for infectious and autoimmune diseases, as well as certain cancers and cardiovascular diseases. Epidemiological work indicates that the skeletal manifestations of vitamin D deficiency represent the extreme end of a spectrum of morbidity associated with negative health outcomes, including increased risk for secondary tuberculosis. This article provides a review of clinical research on the extra‐skeletal roles of vitamin D and the pathological consequences of poor vitamin D status. Additionally, it presents an interpretive model for bioarchaeological analyses of rickets and osteomalacia for consideration of the whole‐body impact of poor vitamin D nutriture and possible comorbidities that may have affected the wider population. Am J Phys Anthropol 160:183–196, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.