共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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由于研究环境变化和微生物群落的需要,近年来高通量组学技术得到了迅猛开发和应用.其中,基于测序和芯片技术的宏基因组学是一个关键的、最成熟的组学技术,为大多数的其它组学技术提供了支撑.相比较而言,宏转录组学、宏蛋白质组学和宏代谢组学也取得了少数的有限成功,但已经显示出可喜的潜力.所有的组学技术都有赖于生物信息学,使得后者成为组学技术应用的一个主要的技术瓶颈.这些新的组学技术对环境微生物学领域产生了革命性的影响,极大地丰富了我们对于环境微生物基因资源和功能活性的了解. 相似文献
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李爽 《微生物学免疫学进展》2020,(6):53-57
人体内及体表的微生物结构变化与人体健康密切相关.人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染后会破坏人体的免疫系统,从而导致感染者细菌组学及病毒组学的改变.另一方面,细菌组学及病毒组学的变化反过来同样会影响HIV感染者的健康状态.近年来,有学者对HIV感染与细菌组学及病毒组学... 相似文献
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进入后基因组学时代,测序技术飞速发展,测序成本明显下降,形成了涵盖宏基因组学、宏转录组学和宏蛋白质组学的宏组学技术,推动了对微生物群落的多样性、结构及潜在基因功能方面的深入研究。最近随着整合的宏组学技术的提出及应用,全面系统分析微生物群落动态变化及其代谢功能已成为可能,这将成为微生物生态学研究的新趋势。本文综述了宏组学在研究海洋湖泊、深海热泉、人体肠道、牛瘤胃生境、森林土壤与堆肥生境等环境中微生物群落的结构和功能方面的最新进展与成功应用案例。 相似文献
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近年来基于高通量基因测序的微生物组学研究极大加深了人们对微生物与健康和疾病关系的认识。然而基因测序方法不能直接测定微生物的功能活性,难以鉴定微生物中的关键功能分子,单独使用无法回答肠道微生物何种成员通过何种方式影响宿主等关键科学问题。单一组学研究弊端尽显,多组学联用势在必行。肠道微生物代谢组学以微生物群落所有小分子代谢物为研究对象,可发现肠道微生物随宿主病理生理变化的关键代谢物,为微生物组-宿主互作机制研究提供线索,成为微生物组学研究的重要补充。肠道微生物功能基因组学与代谢组学关联分析在宿主生理、疾病病理、药物药理等方面取得众多进展,展现良好应用前景。然而目前肠道微生物功能基因组学与代谢组学关联分析存在方法滥用、相关性结论与生物学知识相悖等突出问题。为帮助正确应用肠道微生物功能宏基因组学与代谢组学关联分析,本文综述了各种多组学数据整合分析方法的原理、优缺点与适用范围,并给出了应用建议。 相似文献
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炎症性肠病(IBD)是一种累及回肠、直肠和结肠的特发性慢性肠道炎症性疾病,主要包括溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病,在临床表现、病程和治疗反应等方面具有高度异质性。目前,关于IBD的发病机制尚未明确,治疗方法相对有限。由遗传、环境、肠道微生态以及宿主免疫失衡在内的多因素共同导致了过度活跃的炎症反应并最终引发患者的肠道粘膜屏障受损和管腔菌群紊乱。单一组学的分析无法全面揭示IBD发病过程中复杂的相互协同作用机制,更无法挖掘潜在的治疗靶点和开发有效的干预策略。因此需要运用多组学关联分析技术以帮助研究者从多个维度解析IBD的发病机制。回顾和分析了多组学技术在IBD相关研究领域中的应用,并且讨论了使用这些方法在IBD分型、早期诊断和个性化医疗等领域的潜力,以期为进一步研究IBD发病机制奠定良好基础。 相似文献
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近年来,随着高通量测序技术和生物信息学分析技术的成熟和不断革新,蚊虫基因组学、转录组学、小RNA组学也获得了快速发展。迄今为止,已有包括白纹伊蚊、埃及伊蚊、冈比按蚊在内约22种媒介蚊虫的基因组被解析报道。不同蚊种的基因组大小差异很大,且与基因组中的重复序列的多少呈正相关;蚊基因组的解析和比较基因组的分析有助于探索蚊基因组的结构和功能;转录组的研究为蚊虫嗅觉、性别决定、胚胎发育等相关基因的研究提供了有效手段;小RNA组的研究揭示了miRNA和piRNA在蚊媒抗病毒免疫通路中具有重要作用。综上所述,蚊虫组学研究为防治媒介蚊虫和蚊媒传染病病提供了理论基础和数据支撑。 相似文献
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代谢物组学及其在微生物研究中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
代谢物组学(metabolomics)是继基因组学(genomics)、蛋白质组学(proteomics)后发展起来的一门新学科。对代谢物组学的含义,研究方法及流程,特别是其在微生物中的应用进行了介绍,包括使用代谢物组学中的NMR技术研究微生物在降解环境污染物中的作用;使用代谢物组学技术研究微生物代谢通量,从而在分析代谢通量的基础上通过代谢工程改变代谢通量,提高目的产物的得率;确定所获得基因库中沉默基因的功能;运用代谢物组学分析方法阐明生物体系对于环境变化的响应,从而协助我们确定最佳的取样时间及最佳分析组织,设计实验。随后简要对代谢物组学发展动态进行了展望。 相似文献
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《Cell host & microbe》2022,30(11):1556-1569.e5
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Chia‐Lin Chung Tracy J. Lee Mitsuteru Akiba Hsin‐Han Lee Tzu‐Hao Kuo Dang Liu Huei‐Mien Ke Toshiro Yokoi Marylette B. Roa Mei‐Yeh J. Lu Ya‐Yun Chang Pao‐Jen Ann Jyh‐Nong Tsai Chien‐Yu Chen Shean‐Shong Tzean Yuko Ota Tsutomu Hattori Norio Sahashi Ruey‐Fen Liou Taisei Kikuchi Isheng J. Tsai 《Molecular ecology》2017,26(22):6301-6316
The order Hymenochaetales of white rot fungi contain some of the most aggressive wood decayers causing tree deaths around the world. Despite their ecological importance and the impact of diseases they cause, little is known about the evolution and transmission patterns of these pathogens. Here, we sequenced and undertook comparative genomic analyses of Hymenochaetales genomes using brown root rot fungus Phellinus noxius, wood‐decomposing fungus Phellinus lamaensis, laminated root rot fungus Phellinus sulphurascens and trunk pathogen Porodaedalea pini. Many gene families of lignin‐degrading enzymes were identified from these fungi, reflecting their ability as white rot fungi. Comparing against distant fungi highlighted the expansion of 1,3‐beta‐glucan synthases in P. noxius, which may account for its fast‐growing attribute. We identified 13 linkage groups conserved within Agaricomycetes, suggesting the evolution of stable karyotypes. We determined that P. noxius has a bipolar heterothallic mating system, with unusual highly expanded ~60 kb A locus as a result of accumulating gene transposition. We investigated the population genomics of 60 P. noxius isolates across multiple islands of the Asia Pacific region. Whole‐genome sequencing showed this multinucleate species contains abundant poly‐allelic single nucleotide polymorphisms with atypical allele frequencies. Different patterns of intra‐isolate polymorphism reflect mono‐/heterokaryotic states which are both prevalent in nature. We have shown two genetically separated lineages with one spanning across many islands despite the geographical barriers. Both populations possess extraordinary genetic diversity and show contrasting evolutionary scenarios. These results provide a framework to further investigate the genetic basis underlying the fitness and virulence of white rot fungi. 相似文献
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A pangenome is the complete set of genes (core and accessory) present in a phylogenetic clade. We hypothesize that a pangenome’s accessory gene content is structured and maintained by selection. To test this hypothesis, we interrogated the genomes of 40 Pseudomonas species for statistically significant coincident (i.e., co-occurring/avoiding) gene patterns. We found that 86.7% of common accessory genes are involved in 1 coincident relationship. Further, genes that co-occur and/or avoid each other—but are not vertically inherited—are more likely to share functional categories, are more likely to be simultaneously transcribed, and are more likely to produce interacting proteins, than would be expected by chance. These results are not due to coincident genes being adjacent to one another on the chromosome. Together, these findings suggest that the accessory genome is structured into sets of genes that function together within a given strain. Given the similarity of the Pseudomonas pangenome with open pangenomes of other prokaryotic species, we speculate that these results are generalizable. 相似文献
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Population genomic analyses have demonstrated power to address major questions in evolutionary and molecular microbiology. Collecting populations of genomes is hindered in many microbial species by the absence of a cost effective and practical method to collect ample quantities of sufficiently pure genomic DNA for next-generation sequencing. Here we present a simple method to amplify genomes of a target microbial species present in a complex, natural sample. The selective whole genome amplification (SWGA) technique amplifies target genomes using nucleotide sequence motifs that are common in the target microbe genome, but rare in the background genomes, to prime the highly processive phi29 polymerase. SWGA thus selectively amplifies the target genome from samples in which it originally represented a minor fraction of the total DNA. The post-SWGA samples are enriched in target genomic DNA, which are ideal for population resequencing. We demonstrate the efficacy of SWGA using both laboratory-prepared mixtures of cultured microbes as well as a natural host–microbe association. Targeted amplification of Borrelia burgdorferi mixed with Escherichia coli at genome ratios of 1:2000 resulted in >105-fold amplification of the target genomes with <6.7-fold amplification of the background. SWGA-treated genomic extracts from Wolbachia pipientis-infected Drosophila melanogaster resulted in up to 70% of high-throughput resequencing reads mapping to the W. pipientis genome. By contrast, 2–9% of sequencing reads were derived from W. pipientis without prior amplification. The SWGA technique results in high sequencing coverage at a fraction of the sequencing effort, thus allowing population genomic studies at affordable costs. 相似文献
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Genome rearrangement events, including inversions and translocations, are frequently observed across related microbial species, but the impact of such events on functional diversity is unclear. To clarify this relationship, we compared 4 members of the Gram-negative Burkholderia family (Burkholderia pseudomallei, Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia thailandensis, and Burkholderia cenocepacia) and identified a core set of 2,590 orthologs present in all 4 species (metagenes). The metagenes were organized into 255 synteny blocks whose relative order has been altered by a predicted minimum of 242 genome rearrangement events. Functionally, metagenes within individual synteny blocks were often related. The molecular divergence of metagenes adjacent to synteny breakpoints (boundary metagenes) was significantly greater compared with metagenes within blocks, suggesting an association between breakpoint locations and local fine-scale nucleotide alterations. This phenomenon, referred to as boundary element associated divergence, was also observed in Pseudomonas and Shigella, suggesting that this is a common phenomenon in prokaryotes. We also observed preferential localization of species-specific genes and insertion sequence element to synteny breakpoints in Burkholderia. Our results suggest that in prokaryotes, genome rearrangements may influence functional diversity through the enhanced divergence of boundary genes and the creation of foci for acquiring and deleting species-specific genes. 相似文献
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转座子是DNA插入因子的一种,是指能在基因组间或组内跳跃的DNA片段。转座子作为插入突变剂或分子标签已被广泛地应用于基因的分离和克隆,且因其独特的性质已成为发现新基因和基因功能分析的有效工具。这使得转座子无论是在单基因水平还是全基因组水平,都成为细菌、酵母和其他微生物研究的有力工具。简单而有效的体外转座反应可以对一些以往难以进行分析的顽固微生物进行转座诱变分析。而建立在转座子基础上的信号标签诱变技术和遗传足迹法的应用则发现了一些新的病原微生物毒力因子,从而可以更好地对这些病原微生物的致病机理进行阐述。这些再次说明转座子是微生物功能基因组研究中的有力工具。本文综述了转座子及其衍生载体介导的一些技术,并讨论其在微生物功能基因组研究中的应用。 相似文献
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Protists constitute the bulk of eukaryotic diversity yet their genomes remain relatively unexplored. To address this issue, a workshop entitled, "Frontiers in Genomics: Insights into Protist Evolutionary Biology", was convened at the University of Iowa on June 19-21, 2004. The specific aims of the workshop were to define the role of genomics in the eukaryotic tree of life, to identify challenges in characterizing protist (i.e. microbial eukaryote) genomes, and in proposing specific solutions to these challenges. The findings of the workshop are presented here and in a white paper that provide a set of guidelines for organizing the protist community and for planning and executing a protist genome project. 相似文献