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1.
Elena S. Gusareva Helena Havelková Hana Blažková Marcela Kosařová Petr Kučera Vlastimil Král Daria Salyakina Bertram Müller-Myhsok Marie Lipoldová 《Immunogenetics》2009,61(1):15-25
Atopy is a predisposition to hyperproduction of immunoglobulin E (IgE) against common environmental allergens. It is often
associated with development of allergic diseases such as asthma, rhinitis, and dermatitis. Production of IgE is influenced
by genetic and environmental factors. In spite of progress in the study of heredity of atopy, the genetic mechanisms of IgE
regulation have not yet been completely elucidated. The analysis of complex traits can benefit considerably from integration
of human and mouse genetics. Previously, we mapped a mouse IgE-controlling locus Lmr9 on chromosome 4 to a segment of <9 Mb. In this study, we tested levels of total IgE and 25 specific IgEs against inhalant
and food allergens in 67 Czech atopic families. In the position homologous to Lmr9 on chromosome 8q12 marked by D8S285, we demonstrated a novel human IgE-controlling locus exhibiting suggestive linkage to
composite inhalant allergic sensitization (limit of detection, LOD = 2.11, P = 0.0009) and to nine specific IgEs, with maximum LOD (LOD = 2.42, P = 0.0004) to plantain. We also tested 16 markers at previously reported chromosomal regions of atopy. Linkage to plant allergens
exceeding the LOD > 2.0 was detected at 5q33 (D5S1507, LOD = 2.11, P = 0.0009) and 13q14 (D13S165, LOD = 2.74, P = 0.0002). The significant association with plant allergens (quantitative and discrete traits) was found at 7p14 (D7S2250,
corrected P = 0.026) and 12q13 (D12S1298, corrected P = 0.043). Thus, the finding of linkage on chromosome 8q12 shows precision and predictive power of mouse models in the investigation
of complex traits in humans. Our results also confirm the role of loci at 5q33, 7p14, 12q14, and 13q13 in control of IgE.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
2.
Emily J. Yao Richard K. Babbs Julia C. Kelliher Kimberly P. Luttik Kristyn N. Borrelli M. Imad Damaj Megan K. Mulligan Camron D. Bryant 《Genes, Brain & Behavior》2021,20(6):e12751
Binge eating is a heritable trait associated with eating disorders and refers to the rapid consumption of a large quantity of energy-dense food that is, associated with loss of control and negative affect. Binge eating disorder is the most common eating disorder in the United States; however, the genetic basis is unknown. We previously identified robust mouse inbred strain differences between C57BL/6J and DBA/2J in binge-like eating of sweetened palatable food in an intermittent access, conditioned place preference paradigm. To map the genetic basis of changes in body weight and binge-like eating (BLE) and to identify candidate genes, we conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis in 128 C57BL/6J x DBA/2J-F2 mice combined with PheQTL and trait covariance analysis in GeneNetwork2 using legacy BXD-RI trait datasets. We identified a QTL on Chromosome 18 influencing changes in body weight across days in females (log of the odds [LOD] = 6.3; 1.5-LOD: 3–12 cM) that contains the candidate gene Zeb1. We also identified a sex-combined QTL influencing initial palatable food intake on Chromosome 5 (LOD = 5.8; 1.5-LOD: 21–28 cM) that contains the candidate gene Lcorl and a second QTL influencing escalated palatable food intake on Chromosome 6 in males (LOD = 5.4; 1.5-LOD: 50–59 cM) that contains the candidate genes Adipor2 and Plxnd1. Finally, we identified a suggestive QTL in females for slope of BLE on distal Chromosome 18 (LOD = 4.1; p = 0.055; 1.5-LOD: 23–35 cM). Future studies will use BXD-RI strains to fine map loci and support candidate gene nomination for gene editing. 相似文献
3.
Qing Liu Xiao hong Ou Stephen G. Compton Da rong Yang 《Symbiosis (Philadelphia, Pa.)》2011,53(3):131-137
Agaonidae (the pollinators of fig trees, Ficus spp., Moraceae) are a distinctive family of chalcid wasps with uncertain affinities within the Chalcidoidea. Chromosome numbers
have only been described previously for one species (Blastophaga psenes, 2n = 12, the pollinator of F. carica, of subgenus Ficus). In this paper, we used a modified technique to analyze the karyology of three Ceratosolen species, Ceratosolen solmsi, C. graveli and C. emarginatus which are associated with figs of Ficus subgenus Sycomorus. Their karyotypes are 2n = 10. All the chromosomes are metacentric (NF = 20) with little difference in relative lengths,
making them hard to distinguish. The variation in chromosome numbers that we have detected suggests that karyology can usefully
complement molecular-based studies of the phylogeny of fig wasps. 相似文献
4.
Warangkana Prakoon Suriyan Tunkijjanukij Thuy T. T. Nguyen Uthairat Na-Nakorn 《Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)》2010,12(5):506-515
The culture of green mussel (Perna viridis) in the Gulf of Thailand depends on natural spat which are believed to come from spawning grounds adjacent to major river
mouths. In the present paper, genetic diversity of spatial and temporal populations of green mussel in the Gulf of Thailand
was investigated using five microsatellite loci. The results showed moderate genetic variation of all 11 populations (averaged
number of alleles per locus, A = 10.4–12.2; effective number of alleles per locus, A
e = 5.36–6.59; mean allelic richness, A
r = 10.23–12.06; observed heterozygosity, H
o = 0.52–0.63, and expected heterozygosity, H
e = 0.66–0.73) without significant differences among populations. No sign of bottleneck or genetic disequilibrium was observed.
Genetic differentiation among spatial populations was low (F
ST = 0.0046, CI0.95 = 0.0020–0.0083 for the samples collected in January, 2007, and F
ST = 0.0088, CI0.95 = 0.0010–0.0162 for the samples collected in July, 2007) while temporal variation was significant as revealed by the analysis
of molecular variance. Multidimensional scaling separated temporal population groups with minor exception. The assignment
test revealed that most of the recruits were from other populations. 相似文献
5.
Microsatellites in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz): discovery, inheritance and variability 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
P. P. Chavarriaga-Aguirre M. M. Maya M. W. Bonierbale S. Kresovich M. A. Fregene J. Tohme G. Kochert 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1998,97(3):493-501
Fourteen microsatellites containing GA-repeats were isolated and characterized in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz, Euphorbiaceae). Microsatellite heterozygosity (h) was estimated in 48 accessions using (32P)-end-labeled primers and in more than 500 accessions using fluorescence-based genotyping. Heterozygosity values ranged from
0.00 to 0.88 and the number of alleles detected varied from 1 to 15. The reproducibility of allele sizing was also assessed
using fluorescence-based genotyping. The average inter-gel size difference was 1.03 nucleotides. Chi-square tests (χ2) were performed to analyse segregation distortion and the linkage between alleles segregating from either or both parents
in an F1 mapping population. Most microsatellite loci segregated in the expected 1 : 1, 1 : 2 : 1 or 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 ratio. Linkage
was detected between loci segregating from either parent, and segregation distortion from the male parent was detected for
locus GA-131. Approximately 80% of the microsatellites detected one or two alleles per accession, suggesting a low degree
of microsatellite locus duplication, an unexpected finding for a putative allopolyploid, highly heterozygous species. The
high h values of most microsatellites, their amplification in other Manihot taxa and their suitability for high-throughput, fluorescence-based genotyping, make microsatellites the marker of choice
for germplasm characterization and saturation of the cassava map.
Received: 4 September 1997 / Accepted 16 March 1998 相似文献
6.
QTL analysis of leaf morphology in tetraploid Gossypium (cotton) 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
C. Jiang R. J. Wright S. S. Woo T. A. DelMonte A. H. Paterson 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2000,100(3-4):409-418
Molecular markers were used to map and characterize quantitative trait loci (QTLs) determining cotton leaf morphology and
other traits, in 180 F2 plants from an interspecific cross between a Gossypium hirsutum genotype carrying four morphological mutants, and a wild-type Gossypium barbadense. The prominent effects of a single region of chromosome 15, presumably the classical ”Okra-leaf” locus, were modified by
QTLs on several other chromosomes affecting leaf size and shape. For most traits, each parent contained some alleles with
positive effects and others with negative effects, suggesting a large potential for adapting leaf size and shape to the needs
of particular production regimes. Twenty one QTLs/loci were found for the morphological traits at LOD≥3.0 and P≤0.001, among which 14 (63.6%) mapped to D-subgenome chromosomes. Forty one more possible QTLs/loci were suggested with 2.0≤LOD<3.0
and 0.001<P≤0.01. Among all of the 62 possible QTLs (found at LOD≥2.0 and P≤0.01) for the 14 morphological traits in this study, 38 (61.3%) mapped to D-subgenome chromosomes. This reinforces the findings
of several other studies in suggesting that the D-subgenome of tetraploid cotton has been subject to a relatively greater
rate of evolution than the A-subgenome, subsequent to polyploid formation.
Received: 26 April 1999 / Accepted: 30 July 1999 相似文献
7.
Lee S. Webley Kyall R. Zenger Graham P. Hall Desmond W. Cooper 《European Journal of Wildlife Research》2007,53(1):40-46
European fallow deer are an introduced species classified as partly protected wildlife in Tasmania, Australia. Current management
practices are primarily governed under the Quality Deer Management regime, in which animals are harvested during designated
hunting seasons. Among populations, prominent morphological differences have been reported; however, the genetic relationship
of these populations has until now been poorly understood. Representative animals were sampled from three key areas across
their range and genotyped at ten polymorphic microsatellite loci to investigate genetic diversity, population structure, and
genetic bottlenecks. Allelic richness was low in all three populations and ranged between 2.20 and 2.49 alleles/locus. A genetic
bottleneck was detected in two of the three populations (P < 0.001). Population differentiation was evident between Lake Echo and Benham (q = 0.122; P < 0.001) and Benham and Connorville (q = 0.110; P < 0.001), but not between Lake Echo and Connorville (q = 0.0235), with individuals being identified as belonging to two genetic
clusters. The pattern of population differentiation from the three study populations suggests that deer from the western region
of their range are genetically distinct to those from the eastern region. This correlates with morphological variation within
Tasmanian fallow deer, in which differences between the regions maybe attributable to geographical barriers. 相似文献
8.
Polymorphic genotypes of the HRES-1 human endogenous retrovirus locus correlate with systemic lupus erythematosus and autoreactivity 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Claudio Magistrelli Ella Samoilova Rajeev K. Agarwal Katalin Banki Pasquale Ferrante Adrian Vladutiu Paul E. Phillips A. Perl 《Immunogenetics》1999,49(10):829-834
Antinuclear autoantibodies are a hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Autoantibodies to HRES-1/p28, a 28 000 M
r nuclear protein, commonly occur in patients with SLE. HRES-1 is a single-copy endogenous retroviral element mapped to human Chromosome 1 at q42. A polymorphic Hin dIII site defines two different allelic forms of the genomic locus. The HRES-1/1 probe [5.5 kilobases (kb)] anneals to three
polymorphic fragments and three genotypes can be differentiated: I, 5.5 kb fragment only; II, 3.7 kb and 1.8 kb fragments
only; and III, all three polymorphic fragments. By cloning of the HRES-1 locus from homozygous type I and type II human DNA samples, the polymorphic Hin dIII site was identified as a G to C transition at position 653 of the long terminal repeat region. Family studies showed
that Hin dIII genotypes of the HRES-1 locus are inherited in a Mendelian pattern. The relative frequency of genotype I with respect to genotype III was 3.1-fold
lower in patients with SLE (14 : 40=0.35) in comparison to 100 ethnically matched control donors (47 : 43=1.09;P=0.0084). Frequency of genotype I vs genotype II alleles was lower in SLE (68/52) than in normal donors (137/63;P=0.033), suggesting that a genotype I allele of the HRES-1 locus may be protective against SLE. Western blot seroreactivity with recombinant HRES-1/p28 was noted in 4/14 (29%) of genotype I patients and 13/19 (68%) of genotype III patients (P<0.025). These data raise the possibility that the HRES-1 element or a gene in linkage disequilibrium with this genomic locus may influence autoimmunity in SLE.
Received: 20 February 1999 / Revised: 15 April 1999 相似文献
9.
Ning Wang Jiang Chang Lang-Yu Gu Zheng-Wang Zhang 《European Journal of Wildlife Research》2009,55(6):627-629
Cross-species microsatellite amplification is an effective way of obtaining microsatellite loci for closely related taxa in
bird species. The Reeves's pheasant, Syrmaticus reevesii, is a vulnerable species endemic to China. To improve population genetics and parentage analysis studies in this species,
we obtained nine polymorphic microsatellite markers, in addition to the nine markers previously isolated, from the cross-species
amplification of 52 markers. The number of alleles per locus varied between two and 12 with expected heterozygosity ranging
from 0.298 to 0.714 (n = 107). The success rates of simulated paternity tests using CERVUS software improved at different confidence levels after
adding these markers to the previous ones. 相似文献
10.
High levels of genetic divergence and inbreeding in populations of cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum)
Rafael M. Alves Alexandre M. Sebbenn Angela S. Artero Charles Clement Antonio Figueira 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2007,3(4):289-298
Theobroma grandiflorum (cupuassu) is an important fruit tree native to the Brazilian Amazon. Establishing the genetic diversity and structure of
populations is critical to define long-term strategies for cupuassu conservation presently threatened by rapid deforestation.
Three natural populations collected at the putative center of diversity, three groups of accessions established at a germplasm
collection, and one derived from commercial plantings were analyzed. The genetic diversity was assessed using 21 polymorphic
microsatellite loci originally developed for Theobroma cacao, disclosing a total of 113 alleles. The estimated genetic diversity parameters averaged over cupuassu populations (A = 3.53 alleles per locus; H
e = 0.426; H
o = 0.346) were lower than the values reported for other Neotropical tree species. The three natural populations presented
a positive and significant fixation index (f), ranging from 0.133 to 0.234. Cupuassu apparently adhered to a general pattern of genetic diversity structure of some Neotropical
tree species occurring at low densities, with a low intrapopulation genetic diversity and important levels of endogamy, possibly
due to biparental inbreeding derived from the presence of spatial genetic structure in the populations. A high level of genetic
divergence was detected among the natural populations (θ
p = 0.301), a strong differentiation caused by limited gene flow, and suggesting that human interference in spreading and/or
stimulating plantings might have had a smaller effect than expected. The approximate location of the T. grandiflorum center of diversity could not be confirmed by analyzing natural populations from the putative region. 相似文献
11.
Jeremy L. Peirce Rachel Derr Jay Shendure Therese Kolata Lee M. Silver 《Mammalian genome》1998,9(12):942-948
C57Bl/6 mice reproducibly prefer to ingest more 10% ethanol in a two-bottle choice paradigm than do DBA/2J mice. In this
paper we report the identification of two new sex-specific alcohol preference (Alcp) loci. Melo and associates (1996) identified two loci: Alcp1, a male-specific locus on Chromosome (Chr) 2, and Alcp2, a female- and cross-specific locus on Chr 11. We have additionally identified Alcp3, a male-specific locus on Chr 3, and Alcp4, a female-specific locus on Chr 1. We have also performed a statistical analysis to exclude the possibility of undiscovered
major alcohol preference loci that are not sex-specific in our backcross paradigm. Our results indicate that alcohol preference
in C57BL/6 mice, as measured in our backcross, is largely controlled in a sex-specific manner.
Received: 15 September 1998 / Accepted: 8 October 1998 相似文献
12.
The aim of the present study was to assess the degree of genetic variation and divergence among six populations of Calomys hummelincki, a phyllotine rodent distributed in northern South America. With this information we will try to evaluate the two hypotheses
of possible colonization and differentiation of this group of rodents postulated by Baskin and Reig. We studied 34 loci by
electrophoretic analysis: 21 were monomorphic for all populations and 13 were polymorphic in at least one population, being
P
1% = 21.6% the mean value for all populations. The mean value of heterozygosity per locus was H = 0.075. Low values of genetic distance were observed among populations of the Llanos region (0.001 < D < 0.006). There was a larger genetic distance (D = 0.024) between the population from Isiro, in the northwestern semiarid region, and those from the Llanos region. The insular
population of Aruba displayed the lowest value of genetic distance with the population from Isiro (D = 0.014). The specimens from Sipao, on the right side of the Orinoco river, displayed the highest values of genetic distances
in comparison with other populations of C. hummelincki (0.070 < D < 0.095). The relatively high differentiation was due to the fixation of new alleles, not found in other populations of C. hummelincki, at loci Idh-1 and Est-2. F-statistics and Nm values indicated reduced gene flow among the populations sampled. Despite the limited data, the results
seem to support Reig's hypothesis about south to north colonization of genus Calomys in South America.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
A genetic linkage map of durum wheat 总被引:20,自引:6,他引:14
A. Blanco M. P. Bellomo A. Cenci C. De Giovanni R. D’Ovidio E. Iacono B. Laddomada M. A. Pagnotta E. Porceddu A. Sciancalepore R. Simeone O. A. Tanzarella 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1998,97(5-6):721-728
A genetic linkage map of tetraploid wheat [Triticum turgidum (L.) Thell.] was constructed using segregation data from a population of 65 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from
a cross between the durum wheat cultivar Messapia and accession MG4343 of T. turgidum (L.) Thell. ssp dicoccoides (Korn.) Thell. A total of 259 loci were analysed, including 244 restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), one PCR
(polymerase chain reaction) marker (a sequence coding for a LMW (low-molecular-weight) glutenin subunit gene located at the
Glu-B3 locus), seven biochemical (six seed-storage protein loci and one isozyme locus) and seven morphological markers. A total
of 213 loci were mapped at a LOD≥3 on all 14 chromosomes of the A and B genomes. The total length of the map is 1352 cM and
the average distance between adjacent markers is 6.3 cM. Forty six loci could not be mapped at a LOD≥3. A fraction (18.6%)
of the markers deviated significantly from the expected Mendelian ratios; clusters of loci showing distorted segregation were
found on chromosomes 1B, 3AL, 4AL, 6AL and 7AL. The durum wheat map was compared with the published maps of bread wheat using
several common RFLP markers and general features are discussed. The markers detected the known structural rearrangements involving
chromosomes 4A, 5A and 7B as well as the translocation between 2B-6B, but not the deletion on 2BS. This map provides a useful
tool for analysing and breeding economically important quantitative traits and for marker-assisted selection, as well as for
studies of genome organisation in small grain cereal species.
Received: 5 January 1998 / Accepted: 31 March 1998 相似文献
14.
Dong C Beecham A Slifer S Wang L McClendon MS Blanton SH Rundek T Sacco RL 《Human genetics》2011,129(2):209-219
Although obesity is more prevalent in Hispanics than non-Hispanic whites in the United States, little is known about the genetic
etiology of the related traits in this population. To identify genetic loci influencing obesity in non-Mexican Hispanics,
we performed a genome-wide linkage scan in 1,390 subjects from 100 Caribbean Hispanic families on six obesity-related quantitative
traits: body mass index (BMI), body weight, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, abdominal and average triceps skinfold
thickness after adjusting for significant demographic and lifestyle factors. We then carried out an association analysis of
the linkage peaks and the FTO gene in an independent community-based Hispanic subcohort (N = 652, 64% Caribbean Hispanics) from the Northern Manhattan Study. Evidence of linkage was strongest on 1q43 with multipoint
LOD score of 2.45 (p = 0.0004) for body weight. Suggestive linkage evidence of LOD > 2.0 was also identified on 1q43 for BMI (LOD = 2.03), 14q32
for abdominal skinfold thickness (LOD = 2.17), 16p12 for BMI (LOD = 2.27) and weight (LOD = 2.26), and 16q23–24 for average
triceps skinfold thickness (LOD = 2.32). In the association analysis of 6,440 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) under
1-LOD unit down regions of our linkage peaks on chromosome 1q43 and 16p12 as well as in the FTO gene, we found that two SNPs (rs6665519 and rs669231) on 1q43 and one FTO SNP (rs12447427) were significantly associated with BMI or body weight after adjustment for multiple testing. Our results
suggest that in addition to FTO, multiple genetic loci, particularly those on 1q43 region, may contribute to the variations in obesity-related quantitative
traits in Caribbean Hispanics. 相似文献
15.
Seifi S Tabandeh MR Nazifi S Saeb M Shirian S Sarkoohi P 《Journal of physiology and biochemistry》2012,68(2):193-203
Available experimental data suggest that adiponectin and thyroid hormones have biological interaction in vivo. However, the
effects of thyroid hormones on adipose adiponectin gene expression in thyroid dysfunction are unclear. We induced hyper- (HYPER)
and hypothyroidism (HYPO) by daily administration of a 12 mg/l of levothyroxine and 250 mg/l of methimazole in drinking water
of rats, respectively, for 42 days. The white adipose tissues and serum sample were taken on days 15, 28, 42 and also 2 weeks
after treatment cessation. Analysis of adiponectin gene expression was performed by real-time PCR and 2−ΔΔct method. The levels of adipose tissue adiponectin mRNA in the HYPO rats were decreased during the 6-week treatment when compared
to control rats (<0.05) and were increased significantly 2 weeks after HYPO cessation (P < 0.05). This decline in adiponectin gene expression occurred in parallel with a decrease in T3, T4, fT3 and fT4 concentrations
(P < 0.05). In opposite to HYPO rats, adipose adiponectin gene expression was increased in HYPER rats during the 6-week treatment
in parallel with an increase the thyroid hormones concentrations (P < 0.05), and its expression was decreased 2 weeks after HYPER cessation (P < 0.05). Adiponectin gene expression levels showed significant negative correlations with concentrations of LDL (HYPO; r = −0.806, P = 0.001 and HYPER; r = −0.749, P = 0.002), triglyceride (HYPO; r = −0.825, P = 0.001 and HYPER; r = −0.824, P = 0.001) and significant positive correlations with concentrations of glucose (HYPO; r = 0.674, P = 0.004 and HYPER; r = 0.866, P = 0.001) and HDL (HYPO; r = 0.755, P = 0.001 and HYPER; r = 0.839, P = 0.001). The current study provides evidence that adiponectin gene expression in adipose tissue is regulated by thyroid
hormones at the translation level and that lipid and carbohydrate disturbances in a patient with thyroid dysfunction may be,
in part, due to adiponectin gene expression changes. 相似文献
16.
F. J. Gallego C. Benito 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1997,95(3):393-399
Aluminium (Al) tolerance in roots of two cultivars (“Ailés” and “JNK”) and two inbred lines (“Riodeva” and “Pool”) of rye
was studied using intact roots immersed in a nutrient solution at a controlled pH and temperature. Both the cultivars and
the inbred lines analysed showed high Al tolerance, this character being under multigenic control. The inbred line “Riodeva”
was sensitive (non-telerant) at a concentration of 150 μM, whereas the “Ailes” cultivar showed the highest level of Al tolerance
at this concentration. The segregation of aluminium-tolerance genes and several isozyme loci in different F1s, F2s and backcrosses between plants of “Ailés” and “Riodeva” were also studied. The segregation ratios obtained for aluminium
tolerance in the F2s analysed were 3 : 1 and 15 : 1 (tolerant : non-tolerant) while in backcrosses they were 1 : 1 and 3 : 1. These results indicated
that Al tolerance is controlled by, at least, two major dominant and independent loci in rye (Alt1 and Alt3). Linkage analyses carried out between Al-tolerance genes and several isozyme loci revealed that the Alt1 locus was linked to the aconitase-1 (Aco1), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase-2 (Ndh2), esterase-6 (Est6) and esterase-8 (Est8) loci, located on chromosome arm 6RL. The order obtained was Alt1-Aco1-Ndh2-Est6-Est8. The Alt3 locus was not linked to the Lap1, Aco1 and Ndh2 loci, located on chromosome arms, 6RS, 6RL and 6RL respectively. Therefore, the Alt3 locus is probably on a different chromosome.
Received: 18 March 1997 / Accepted: 21 March 1997 相似文献
17.
Half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) is a commercially important marine fish species in China. A set of type I microsatellite markers were identified through
bioinformatic mining of the GenBank database. Thirteen of these markers showed polymorphisms through genotyping a sample of
30 individuals. A total of 47 alleles were detected, with an average of 3.6 alleles per locus. The number of alleles, observed
and expected heterozygosity per locus ranged from two to five, from 0.14 to 0.93 and from 0.27 to 0.77, respectively. Three
loci significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction (P < 0.0038) and no significant linkage disequilibrum between pairs of loci was found. The markers identified in this study
will contribute to construction of genetic linkage maps and mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) of C. semilaevis. 相似文献
18.
Nucleotide variation at several cold candidate genes including seven members of the dehydrin gene family was surveyed in haplotypes
of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) sampled in populations showing divergence for cold tolerance in Europe. Patterns of nucleotide diversity, linkage disequilibrium,
and frequency spectrum of alleles were compared between north and south populations to search for signs of directional selection
potentially underlying adaptation to cold. Significant differentiation between populations in allelic frequency or haplotype
structure was detected at dhn1, dhn3, and abaH loci. Allelic dimorphism with no evidence of haplotype clustering by geographical distribution was found at dhn9. An excess of fixed non-synonymous mutations as compared to the outgroup P. pinaster pine species was found at dhn1. Differences in nucleotide polymorphisms were found between the members of the Kn class of dehydrin upregulated during cold
acclimation (average πsil = 0.004) as compared to the SKn class (average πsil = 0.024). The multilocus nucleotide diversity at silent sites (θ
W = 0.009) was moderate compared to other conifer species, but higher than previous estimates for Scots pine. There was an
excess of rare and high frequency derived variants as revealed by significantly negative multilocus value of Tajima’s D (D = −0.72, P < 0.01) and negative mean value of Fay and Wu H statistics (H = −0.50). The level of linkage disequilibrium decayed rapidly with an average expected r
2 of 0.2 at about 200 bp. Overall, there was a positive correlation between polymorphism and divergence at ten loci when outgroup
sequence was available. The discovered polymorphism will be used for further evaluation of the adaptive role of genes through
association mapping studies.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
19.
Rosane G. Collevatti Raquel Estolano Silmara F. Garcia John D. Hay 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2009,6(4):555-564
We investigated pollen dispersal and breeding structure in the tropical tree species Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (Caryocaraceae), using genetic data from ten microsatellite loci. All adult trees (101) within a patch of 8.3 ha were
sampled, and from these adults 18 open-pollinated maternal progeny arrays were analyzed (280 seeds from 265 fruits). Most
fruits presented only one seed (median equal to 1.000) and mean number of ripened seeds per fruit was 1.053 (SD = 0.828).
Our results showed that C. brasiliense presents a mixed-mating system, with 11.4% of self-pollination, multilocus outcrossing rate of t
m = 0.891 ± 0.025, and high probability of full-sibship within progeny arrays (r
p = 0.135 ± 0.032). Outcrossing rate and self-pollination varied significantly among mother trees. We could detect a maximum
pollen dispersal distance of ∼500 m and a mean pollen dispersal distance of ∼132 m. However, most pollination events (80%)
occurred at distances less than 200 m. Our results also indicated that pollen dispersal is restricted to a neighborhood of
5.4 ha with rare events of immigration (∼1% N
e
m = 0.35). C. brasiliense also presents a significant but weak spatial genetic structure (Sp = 0.0116), and extension of pollen dispersal distance was greater than seed dispersal (N
b = 86.20 m). These results are most likely due to the foraging behavior of pollinators that may have limited flight range.
The highly within-population synchronous flowering, high population density, and clumped distribution reinforce pollinator
behavior and affect residence time leading to a short-distance pollen dispersal. 相似文献
20.
E. Grosselindemann M. Robertson J. A. Wilmer P. M. Chandler 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1998,96(8):1186-1192
The electrophoretic patterns of dehydrins extracted from mature seeds of a range of pea (Pisum) species revealed extensive variation in dehydrin polypeptide mobility. Variation was also observed among lines of P. sativum. Crosses between lines with different dehydrin electrophoretic patterns produced F1 seeds with additive patterns, and segregation in the F2 generation was consistent with a 1 : 2 : 1 ratio, indicating allelic variation at each of two dehydrin loci (Dhn2, Dhn3). Genetic linkage was observed between Dhn2 and Dhn3, and the segregation ratios indicated preferential transmission of one allele at the Dhn3 locus. Dehydrin cDNA clones were characterised that encoded the allelic variants at Dhn2 and Dhn3. Their deduced amino-acid sequences were very similar to each other as well as to the product of the Dhn1 locus reported previously. Comparisons were made between the sequences of allelic variants at a single locus, and between
the products of different loci. Differences in the electrophoretic mobilities between allelic variants at Dhn2 and Dhn3 were associated with differences in polypeptide length resulting principally from tandem duplications of 21 (Dhn2) or 24 (Dhn3) amino-acid residues. These duplications accounted for much of the difference in length between dehydrins encoded by the
different loci. The conserved core of one of the duplicated regions varied in copy number, and small insertions/deletions
of amino acids near this core also contributed to length variation both between allelic forms and between loci. Dehydrins
possess characteristic highly conserved amino-acid sequence motifs, yet vary considerably in length. Mechanisms involving
sequence duplication appear to be responsible for generating the length differences observed between allelic variants as well
as between the products of different loci.
Received: 12 June 1997 / Accepted: 29 October 1997 相似文献