口源性口臭指示菌的筛选

目的从口源性口臭(Oral Malodor)相关菌种中筛选主要代表菌,用以建立口臭细菌学(Oral Bacteri-ology)临床辅助诊断的指示菌(Indicator bacteria)。方法用感官检测(鼻闻法)(Organoleptic test)、气相色谱(Gas Chromatography)、硫化物检测仪(Halimeter)和硫化氢检测仪(Easicult S)等4种方法,在实验室检测常见的8种牙周及龋病致病菌,通过检测鼻闻臭味程度、硫化物(Volatile sulfur compounds,VSCs)、硫化氢(Hydrogen sulfide,H2S)及有异味的短链脂肪酸(Short Chain Fatlf acid)含量来确定指示菌。结果鼻闻:牙龈卟啉单胞菌(P.gingivalis,P.g)、中间普雷沃菌(P.intermedius,P.i)和具核梭杆菌具核梭亚种(F.subsp nucleatum,F.n)恶臭明显,其他菌有微臭或无味。气相色谱检测:P.g、P.i、F.n和伴放线聚生杆菌(Aggregatibscter actinomycetemcomitans,A.a)中有异味的丁酸(Butyric acid)含量在40%～66%,其他菌,其他产物含量较低。硫化物检测:P.g、P.i和F.n的VSCs量在1 000ppb以上,硫化氢检测:P.g、P.i和F.n的H2S在600 ppb以上,其他菌两项检测均在36 ppb以下。结论 P.g、P.i和F,n是主要产臭菌种,可作为临床口臭的细菌学辅助诊断的指示菌,供临床进一步研究。     

口源性口臭病因及治疗的研究进展

口臭是指呼吸时出现的臭味气体,气体中所含的主要成分是挥发性硫化物。它由多种因素造成,但约80-90%是来源于口腔内因素。研究表明,口腔微生物与口臭及口气中挥发性硫化物存在密切关系。传统的机械治疗方法和化学治疗方法虽然可以短期内改善口臭状况,但长期疗效不尽如人意。近年来,对化学抗菌剂替代品的研究和开发,成效显著。本文综述了口源性口臭病因及治疗的最新研究进展。     

口源性口臭病因及治疗的研究进展

口臭是指呼吸时出现的臭味气体,气体中所含的主要成分是挥发性硫化物。它由多种因素造成,但约80-90%是来源于口腔内因素。研究表明,口腔微生物与口臭及口气中挥发性硫化物存在密切关系。传统的机械治疗方法和化学治疗方法虽然可以短期内改善口臭状况,但长期疗效不尽如人意。近年来,对化学抗菌剂替代品的研究和开发,成效显著。本文综述了口源性口臭病因及治疗的最新研究进展。     

不同程度口源性口臭患者口腔菌群分析CSCD

目的收集不同程度口源性口臭(IOH)患者和健康者的唾液、舌苔、颊黏膜和颚黏膜菌群样本,探讨其口腔菌群组成差异。方法随机选取于2017年6月至2022年6月以口臭为主诉就诊于新疆医科大学第一附属医院门诊的7例IOH患者和于健康管理中心体检的3例健康者,按照口气值分为轻度IOH组(H1组)、中度IOH组(H2组)和口气正常组(C组)。采集3组人群唾液、舌苔、颊黏膜和颚黏膜菌群样本。采用16S rDNA测序对微生物群进行分类比较、多样性分析和组间物种差异分析。结果仅IOH患者唾液菌群多样性明显高于健康者,且H2组高于H1组(P<0.05)。Adonis分析显示,唾液和舌苔菌群组间差异显著(P<0.05),而颊黏膜和颚黏膜菌群组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。属水平上,H1组唾液和舌苔中梭杆菌属(Fusobacterium)相对丰度相比其他两组最高。LEfSe分析显示,H2组唾液中嗜血杆菌属(Haemophilus)和AF12,舌苔中奇异菌属(Atopobium)和巨球型菌属(Megasphaera)为主要优势菌。结论口腔菌群多样性增高可能是口臭加重的早期改变;唾液和舌苔菌群结构变化可能与IOH程度相关;梭杆菌属、嗜血杆菌属、AF12、奇异菌属和巨球型菌属可能是IOH加重的标志菌属。     

口臭症口腔微生态学的研究

目的 :研究口臭症患者口腔菌群分布。方法 :选择 3 0例口臭患者和 3 0例健康人 ,分别采集舌背舌苔和牙周袋菌斑作细菌的需氧、微需氧和厌氧菌的定量培养 ,并对牙龈卟啉单胞菌及衣氏放线菌做抑菌试验。结果 :口臭组舌背厌氧菌及微需氧菌总数 (12 .2± 1.3 2 )与健康对照组 (9.5± 1.2 4)差异有非常显著性 (P<0 .0 1) ,口臭组需氧菌总数与健康组差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5) ;口臭组牙周袋厌氧菌及微需氧菌总数 (13 .12± 1.2 6)明显高于健康对照组 (11.3± 1.82 ) ,两者差异有非常显著性 (P<0 .0 1) ,而需氧菌差异无显著性 ;口臭症舌背以小韦荣菌为主 ,其次是黑色普氏菌 ;牙周袋菌斑以牙龈卟啉单胞菌和黑色普氏菌为主 ,其次是衣氏放线菌。并筛选出两类抗菌漱口水和一种中外合资抗口臭牙膏 ,对舌背及牙周袋菌斑的主要细菌牙龈卟啉单胞菌和衣氏放线菌有明显的抑制作用。结论 :口臭症患者口腔菌群分布和总数与正常人群存在显著的差异 ,与牙周病有关的致病菌数量明显高于正常人群 ,据抑菌试验结果采用有效的漱口液及牙膏可明显降低口腔内致病菌和改善口臭症状。     

义齿口臭的相关因素研究

目的:探讨义齿口臭的的相关因素。方法:选择62例无牙周疾病且全身健康(心血管系统疾病除外)的上颌义齿修复者,鼻闻法检查口臭程度(OR值),使用便携式口气测量仪(halitosis)测量VSCs量,记录义齿使用时间、菌斑指数(plaque index,PLI)。结果:Spearman相关分析法显示口臭值与义齿使用时间、PLI存在正相关(r=0.73,r=0.52,P<0.01),义齿口臭OR值与VSCs量存在正相关(r=0.62,p<0.01),义齿使用时间与PLI也有一定的相关性(r=0.259,P<0.05)。结论:口臭值、VSCs量与聚甲基丙烯酸脂基托义齿使用时间、PLI均有关系,义齿口臭的气体成份不完全同于其它口源性口臭。     

口臭患者口腔微生物区系研究

目的研究口臭口腔微生物区系组成,为口臭治疗提供依据。方法采用稀释平板测数法对需氧和厌氧细菌、真菌、放线菌分别进行计数。结果非口臭口腔好氧细菌数量(1180±380)和厌氧细菌数量(680±100)分别低于口臭口腔好氧细菌数量(7200±800)和厌氧细菌数量(12520±120),差异有统计学意义(P0.01),且口臭口腔以革兰阳性菌和杆菌占优势,非口臭口腔真菌数量低于口臭口腔真菌数量,两者差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。口腔中没有检出放线菌。结论口臭患者口腔微生物多样性高于非口臭组,可以通过调整口腔微生态改善口臭。     

幽门螺杆菌感染与慢性口臭关系的初步研究

目的 调查主诉口臭患者的幽门螺杆菌（H．pylori）感染率和主诉消化不良的口臭发生率。方法 研究对象为125例主诉慢性口臭患者和212例主诉慢性消化不良患者。口臭以口气挥发性硫化物（VSC）检测与闻诊联合诊断,H．pylori感染以^14C-尿素呼气试验诊断。结果 125例主诉慢性口臭的患者有87例是真性口臭,其余38例为假性口臭,真性口臭患者的H．pylori感染率显著高于假性口臭（40．2％和13．2％,P〈0．01）。212例主诉慢性消化不良的患者发生口臭105例（49．5％）、感染H．pylori 94例（44．3％）,H．pylori阳性患者的口臭发生率显著高于H．pylori阴性患者（57．5％和43．2％,P〈0．05）。无论何种主诉,大部分口臭患者属于VSC阳性（88．5％）,但H．pylori阳性患者和H．pylor阴性患者口气VSC水平差异无显著性,VSC阳性口臭和VSC阴性口臭的H．pylori感染率差异也无显著性。结论 H．pylori感染可能与口臭的发生有一定关系,但口气VSC并非由H．pylori直接产生。     

胃幽门螺杆菌感染与口臭的相关性研究

目的:探讨胃幽门螺杆菌感染与口臭发生的相关性。方法:选取48例口臭患者为研究对象,另选取96例无口臭的健康志愿者为无口臭组,通过13C呼气试验检测所有研究对象幽门螺杆菌的感染情况,比较两组幽门螺杆菌的感染率。根据是否感染幽门螺杆菌分为感染组和无感染组,比较两组口臭的发生率,分析幽门螺杆菌感染与口臭发生的相关性。结果:口臭组和非口臭组患者幽门螺杆菌的感染率分别为79.17%,27.08%,口臭组显著高于无口臭组,差异有统计学意义(x2=35.16,P0.05)。口臭与幽门螺杆菌的感染显著相关(r=0.4)。幽门螺杆菌感染组患者和未感染组口臭的发生率分别为70.31%和3.75%,感染组显著高于未感染组,差异有统计学意义(x2=70.89,P0.05)。幽门螺杆菌的感染与口臭的发生率显著相关(r=0.69)。结论:幽门螺杆菌感染与口臭的发生有密切的相关性,是引起口臭的一个重要因素。     

在校大学生口臭相关危险因素调查

目的:了解不同民族和性别大学生自述口臭发生率是否存在差异及引起口臭的相关危险因素和保护因素。方法:抽取我校的部分班级学生400名进行问卷调查。结果:我校大学生自述口臭发生率为15.0%,汉族15.8%,维吾尔族12.3%。结论:在校大学生自述口臭发生率在民族和性别间存在差异,喝酒、牙龈炎、牙龈出血、经常便秘为危险因素,刷牙和服用药物为保护因素。     

Halophilic anaerobic fermentative bacteria

In hypersaline environments bacteria are exposed to a high osmotic pressure caused by the surrounding high salt concentrations. Halophilic microorganisms have specific strategies for balancing the osmotic pressure and surviving in these extreme conditions. Halophilic fermentative bacteria form taxonomically and phylogenetically a coherent group mainly belonging to the order Halanaerobiales. In this review, halophilic anaerobic fermentative bacteria in terms of taxonomy and phylogeny, special characteristics, survival strategies, and potential for biotechnological applications in a wide variety of branches, such as production of hydrogen, are discussed.     

Distribution of plasmids in groundwater bacteria

Summary Bacteria isolated from groundwater aquifer core materials of pristine aquifers at Lula and Pickett, OK, and from a site with a history of aromatic hydrocarbon contamination and natural renovation located at Conroe, TX, were screened for the presence of plasmid DNA by alkaline or enzyme lysis and agarose gel techniques. Some of the isolates were also subjected to taxonomic tests in addition to screening for resistance to antibiotics, tolerance to heavy metal salts, and bacteriocin production. There was no significant difference in the distribution of the traits usually associated with plasmid occurrence in isolates from the three sites. These traits, which occurred at low frequencies, were not restricted to plasmid-bearing strains of the communities. Plasmids were found in isolates from all three sites, but on the average there was a significantly higher percentage of isolates containing plasmids in the samples from Conroe (19.4%) than from either Lula (1.8%) or Pickett (7.7%). The sizes of the plasmids found ranged between 3.5 and 202 kilobases but, for the Conroe samples, many more isolates (67%) contained smaller plasmids (<10 kb) rather than larger ones. No plasmids were found in bacteria recovered from naturally renovated aquifer material at the Conroe site.     

主要医院感染病原菌的变迁及其耐药性分析

目的 分析永康市第一人民医院主要医院感染病原体和耐药性变迁,指导临床合理使用抗菌药物,防治医院感染。方法 用全国医院感染监测网软件,统计2000年1月～2003年12月医院感染主要病原体及其药敏结果,χ^2检验分析。结果 该院主要医院感染病原体依次是鲍曼不动杆菌、大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、类白喉棒状杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌和阴沟肠杆菌。耐药率呈逐年增高趋势,但不同的细菌耐药率各具特点。革兰阳性（G^＋）菌对万古霉素的耐药率均为0,对利福平的耐药率均较低（0％～13．6％）,类白喉棒状杆菌对米诺四环素、妥布霉索和头孢哌酮的耐药率也较低。革兰阴性（G^-）菌对亚胺培南的耐药率均低（0％～36．8％）,鲍曼不动杆菌和阴沟肠杆菌具有多重高耐药性,铜绿假单胞菌对头孢吡肟、氨基糖苷类和环丙沙星的耐药率尚在较低水平（0％～36．4％）,大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药性相似,对哌拉西林-他唑巴坦、头孢西丁的耐药率较低（0％～38．6％）。结论 细菌的耐药性与抗菌药物的使用及细菌自身复杂的耐药特性有关,及时送检感染部位标本,根据细菌药敏,合理使用抗菌药物控制感染,对降低细菌耐药率有现实意义。     

妇科疾病患者PICC置管后感染者病原菌分布及T淋巴细胞亚群变化

目的研究妇科疾病患者外周静脉植进中心静脉导管(PICC)后感染者病原菌分布及T淋巴细胞亚群水平变化。方法选取2017年3月至2019年5月在我院接受PICC置管治疗的63例妇科疾病患者为观察组,另外选取同期我院健康体检女性50例为对照组,采用菌种分离鉴定法分析观察组患者病原菌分布,并比较观察组和对照组对象T淋巴细胞亚群和白细胞介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平。结果共分离出102株细菌,其中以大肠埃希菌(19.61%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(14.71%)、铜绿假单胞菌(9.80%)为主的革兰阴性菌占比最高(50.98%);其次是革兰阳性菌,占34.31%;真菌数量最少,占14.71%。感染前后观察组患者CD3~+细胞、CD4~+细胞及CD4~+/CD8~+水平显著低于对照组(均P0.05),而CD8~+细胞及IL-6、TNF-α水平显著高于对照组对象(均P0.05)。感染后,观察组患者CD3~+细胞、CD4~+细胞及CD4~+/CD8~+水平显著低于感染前,CD8~+细胞及IL-6、TNF-α水平显著高于感染前(均P0.05)。结论妇科疾病患者PICC置管后感染者病原菌以大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌等革兰阴性菌为主,感染后患者T淋巴细胞亚群及炎性因子水平严重失调,患者免疫功能减弱。     

Distribution of anaerobic bacteria among pregnant periodontitis patients who experience preterm delivery

The preterm delivery of low-birth-weight (PLBW) infants remains a significant public health issue and a leading cause of neonatal death and of long-term neurodevelopmental disturbances and health problems. Epidemiological and immunological studies have suggested that periodontal disease may be an independent risk factor for PLBW. The incidence of periodontal disease during pregnancy has been found to be associated with a significantly lower birth weight for gestational age after adjustment for race, parity and baby gender. The present case-control study, carried out to examine the distribution of anaerobes in pregnant women with periodontitis who experienced preterm delivery, provides microbial evidence that maternal periodontal disease and the presence of key pathogens are significant contributors to the obstetric risk of preterm delivery.     

Effect of Physical Factors on Bacterial Distribution in the Jordan River Mouth Area in Israel

The Jordan River mouth is an area of complicated hydrography and variable and vulnerable ecology. It has changeable water and sediment regimes, for example, large spatial gradients of biological, chemical, physical, and hydrological characteristics. The Jordan River enters Lake Kinneret in the north and carries with it sewage from the Upper Galilee; thus the river is the major source of enteric bacteria in the lake. This research is based on theoretical analysis as well as on biological-hydrodynamical measurements along a discharging free, turbulent jet flow. Three components of velocities were recorded downstream from the exit cross-section for a distance of 700 m, and the mean streamwise velocity turbulence intensity and the turbulence scale were calculated. The measuring devices were an original three-dimensional velocity-fluctuation meter. Results of these measurements show that the Jordan River flows through the whole transect until it reaches the crest of a bar. After this, there is a separated exponential flow from the bottom and upper layers for ~100m after the bar. Fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella spp. were enumerated as colony-forming units from samples taken along the Jordan River path as it entered Lake Kinneret. Bacterial numbers were similar in surface and bottom waters in front of the bar. Behind the bar, however, there was a sharp decrease of bacterial numbers in the surface water, probably because of photooxidative stress. Despite the more protective environment of the bottom waters, the numbers here also decreased, indicating that the bar is a physical barrier for bacterial distribution. Furthermore, we found a significant effect of the flow velocity of Jordan River water on the bacterial distribution in Lake Kinneret. When the velocity is high, bacteria are distributed over a longer distance, regardless of their numbers in Jordan River mouth.     

呼吸机相关性肺炎患者病原菌分布及血清sTREM 1和HMGB1的变化

目的探讨呼吸机相关性肺炎患者病原菌分布及血清高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)和可溶性髓系细胞触发受体-1(sTREM-1)的变化。方法选取我院2016年3月至2019年5月收治的131例呼吸机相关性肺炎患者进行研究,检测入选患者病原菌感染情况,同时根据患者病情分为重症组与非重症组。另选取60例同期体检对象作为对照组,比较各组患者血清sTREM-1、HMGB1水平及临床肺部感染评分(CPIS),分析血清sTREM-1、HMGB1对呼吸机相关性肺炎的预测价值。结果 131例患者共检出病原菌415株,病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,其次是革兰阳性菌,真菌的占比最低。革兰阴性菌中以铜绿假单胞菌和肺炎克雷伯菌为主,革兰阳性菌中以金黄色葡萄球菌为主。重症组、非重症组及对照组患者血清sTREM-1、HMGB1水平及CPIS评分依次递减,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。Cochran Armitage趋势检验发现,血清sTREM-1、HMGB1水平及CPIS评分与呼吸机相关性肺炎严重程度呈线性增加趋势(Z=5.056、3.127、3.811,均P0.05)。诊断呼吸机相关性肺炎病情严重程度时,血清sTREM-1的AUC及敏感性、特异性最高,其次是CPIS和血清HMGB1,3个指标均对呼吸机相关性肺炎有一定诊断价值。结论革兰阴性菌是呼吸机相关性肺炎的主要致病菌,血清sTREM-1、HMGB1水平对呼吸机相关性肺炎的病情有一定诊断价值。