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Cancer Immunotherapy 2005 was the third international meeting organized by the Association for Immunotherapy of Cancer (AIC).
About 200 participants were attracted by the excellent scientific program that consisted of overview lectures from 25 international
speakers in the plenary auditorium and four guided poster sessions during both days of the meeting. The first day of the symposium
mainly focused on experience with, and new perspectives in, antibody therapy. On the second day of the meeting, organized
as a joint conference together with the Combined Research Grant “Mechanisms of Tumor Defense and Therapeutic Intervention”
funded by the German Research Council, the participants had the chance to gain deeper insights into the principles of antigen
processing and the regulation of immune responses. Further topics that were discussed mainly in the poster sessions and in
the special lecture given by M. Nishimura (Chicago, USA), were “cellular therapies” and “vaccination against cancer”. The
lectures selected for this report aim to provide an overview of the complete scientific program and give an impression of
the lively atmosphere that could be felt from the first until the last session of CIMT 2005.
C.M. Britten and C. Gouttefangeas contributed equally to this report. 相似文献
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《Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)》2013,12(24):2909-2913
Current advances in cancer biology have identified major pathways involved in tumorigenesis. The association of DNA damage with premalignant stages of tumor progression, genome instability and further oncogenic transformation opens the possibility of using common DNA damage markers for early cancer detection, prediction, prognosis, therapeutics and possibly for cancer prevention. Perhaps the most sensitive DNA damage marker is γ-H2AX formation in the chromatin flanking the free DNA double-stranded ends in double-strand breaks (DSBs) and eroded telomeres, both present during oncogenic transformation. Our group and others found elevated endogenous levels of γ-H2AX in various human cancer cell lines, premalignant lesions and solid tumors. These data suggest that increased DNA damage is a general characteristic of cancer development. γ-H2AX-based assay can be applied to human biopsies, aspirates and, possibly, to mononuclear cells of the peripheral blood. We propose that detection of γ-H2AX could benefit for the early cancer screening and to ascertain the efficiency of clinical treatment involving chemo- and radiotherapeutic protocols. 相似文献
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《现代生物医学进展》2016,(10)
正在一项新的研究中,来自美国罗格斯大学和哥伦比亚大学的研究人员鉴定出一个基因在肺部结节性硬化症的肿瘤形成中起着关键性的作用。这一发现可能为人们提供一种潜在的新药物靶标,也可能改变人们对肿瘤形成的常规认识。结节性硬化症(tuberous sclerosis complex,TSC)是一种罕见的疾病,在这种疾病中,良性肿瘤在包括肺部、大脑、肾脏、眼睛和心脏在内的重要 相似文献
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《现代生物医学进展》2015,(29)
<正>近年来,热门的癌症化个体化治疗方案往往聚焦于,与不同类型的癌症相关联的,特异性的基因突变。不同于以往的癌症作用靶点,近日,来自Saint Louis大学的研究人员们首次发现,一种靶向Warburg效应的药物,可以从根源上阻断癌症的能量来源,从而使癌症细胞停止生长。这项研究结果最近发表于Cancer Cell杂志上。我们知道,所有的生物均有利用能量的能力,即代谢。癌症细胞大大地加快了代谢过程,使突变的细胞疯狂地生长。早在20世纪初,科学家们 相似文献
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A. V. Lichtenstein 《Biochemistry. Biokhimii?a》2017,82(1):75-80
Contrasting opinions on the role of extrinsic and intrinsic factors in cancer etiology (Tomasetti, C., and Vogelstein, B. (2015) Science, 347, 78-81; Wu, S., et al. (2016) Nature, 529, 43-47) variously define priorities in the war on cancer. The correlation between the lifetime risk of several types of cancer and the total number of divisions of normal selfrenewing cells revealed by the authors has given them grounds to put forward the “bad luck” hypothesis. It assumes that ~70% of cancer variability is attributed to random errors arising during DNA replication in normal, noncancerous stem cells, i.e. to internal factors, which is impossible either to expect or to prevent. This assumption caused many critical responses that emphasize, on the contrary, the defining role of extrinsic factors in cancer etiology. The analysis of epidemio-logical and genetic data presented in this work testifies in favor of the “bad luck” hypothesis. 相似文献
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Colaco CA 《Trends in molecular medicine》2003,9(12):515-516
There is a clear need for improved cancer therapy and survival rates. Effective immunotherapy would be the treatment modality of choice from several viewpoints, and dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy is emerging as the most promising approach to cancer immunotherapy. However, the plethora of approaches to DC-based cancer therapy now threatens to impede the development of an effective immunotherapy regime, as competing egos and commercial interests masquerade as scientific rigour. Here, I argue that the current controversies regarding the numerous approaches reflect the paucity of our immunological understanding, and present a simple cell biological analysis that defines the rationale for the development of effective cancer immunotherapy. 相似文献
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Cancer: A matter of life cycle? 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
In the last decade, the concept of "cancer stem cells" has emerged, recognised by the fact that only a small fraction of tumour cells appears to retain the stem cell properties of self-renewal and unlimited proliferation. At the same time, it is well known that cancer is an age-related disease developing at the limit of proliferating cell senescence. The apparent need to link senescence and the capacity for self-renewal has lead some authors to suggest that cancers develop from amongst senescing stem cells. However, an alternative solution has recently been proffered by Sundaram M, Guernsey DL, Rajaraman MM, Rajaraman R [Neosis: a novel type of cell division in cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2004;3:207-18], who suggest that stemness may be a transient, cyclic property afforded by de-polyploidisation of senescing cells which have undergone polyploidisation. In this mini-review, we attempt to reconcile both of these views by the idea that cycling polyploidy intermitting senescence and rejuvenation may be features of a life cycle analogous to the life cycles of certain unicellular organisms. Furthermore, we suggest that mitotic catastrophe may represent a mechanism through which the cell can switch from the usual mitotic cell-cycle to this evolutionarily conserved life cycle. Intriguingly, some most recent data suggest that cell senescence may be reversible and that stem cells are tolerant to polyploidy caused by genotoxic stress. 相似文献
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Metallothionein (MT) has been extensively investigated as a molecular marker of various types of cancer. In spite of the fact that numerous reviews have been published in this field, no meta-analytical approach has been performed. Therefore, results of to-date immunohistochemistry-based studies were summarized using meta-analysis in this review.Web of science, PubMed, Embase and CENTRAL databases were searched (up to April 30, 2013) and the eligibility of individual studies and heterogeneity among the studies was assessed. Random and fixed effects model meta-analysis was employed depending on the heterogeneity, and publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger''s tests.A total of 77 studies were included with 8,015 tissue samples (4,631 cases and 3,384 controls). A significantly positive association between MT staining and tumors (vs. healthy tissues) was observed in head and neck (odds ratio, OR 9.95; 95% CI 5.82–17.03) and ovarian tumors (OR 7.83; 1.09–56.29), and a negative association was ascertained in liver tumors (OR 0.10; 0.03–0.30). No significant associations were identified in breast, colorectal, prostate, thyroid, stomach, bladder, kidney, gallbladder, and uterine cancers and in melanoma. While no associations were identified between MT and tumor staging, a positive association was identified with the tumor grade (OR 1.58; 1.08–2.30). In particular, strong associations were observed in breast, ovarian, uterine and prostate cancers. Borderline significant association of metastatic status and MT staining were determined (OR 1.59; 1.03–2.46), particularly in esophageal cancer. Additionally, a significant association between the patient prognosis and MT staining was also demonstrated (hazard ratio 2.04; 1.47–2.81). However, a high degree of inconsistence was observed in several tumor types, including colorectal, kidney and prostate cancer.Despite the ambiguity in some tumor types, conclusive results are provided in the tumors of head and neck, ovary and liver and in relation to the tumor grade and patient survival. 相似文献
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Cesaltina Lorenzoni Alba Vilajeliu Carla Carrilho Mamudo R. Ismail Paola Castillo Orvalho Augusto Alberto L. García-Basteiro Mohsin Sidat Silvia de Sanjosé Clara Menéndez Jaume Ordi 《PloS one》2015,10(6)
Background
Very limited information is available regarding the incidence of cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. We analyzed changes in cancer patterns from 1991 to 2008 in Maputo (Mozambique).Methods
We calculated the rates of incidence of different cancer sites by sex in the 5-year age-group of the population of Maputo city as well as age-standardized rates (ASRs) and average annual percentage changes (AAPC).Results
Over the 18-year study period a total of 12,674 cases of cancer (56.9% females) were registered with an overall increase in the risk of cancer in both sexes. In males, the most common cancers were those of the prostate, Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and the liver. Prostate cancer showed the most dramatic increase over the whole study period (AAPC +11.3%; 95% CI: 9.7–13.0), with an ASR of 61.7 per 105 in 2003–2008. In females, the most frequent cancers were of the uterine cervix, the breast and KS, with the former increasing along the whole study period (AAPC + 4.7%; 95% CI: 3.4–6) with an ASR of 62.0 per 105 in 2003–2008 as well as breast cancer (AAPC +6.5%; 95%CI: 4.3–8.7).Conclusions
Overall, the risk of cancer rose in both sexes during the study period, particularly among cancers associated with westernization of lifestyles (prostate, breast), combined with increasingly rising incidences or limited changes in cancers associated with infection and poverty (uterine cervix, liver). Moreover, the burden of AIDS-associated cancers has shown a marked increase. 相似文献18.
Borst P 《Open biology》2012,2(5):120066
Although chemotherapy of tumours has scored successes, drug resistance remains the major cause of death of cancer patients. Initial treatment often leaves residual disease, from which the tumour regrows. Eventually, most tumours become resistant to all available chemotherapy. I call this pan-resistance to distinguish it from multi-drug resistance, usually describing resistance caused by upregulation of drug transporters, such as P-glycoprotein. In this review, I discuss mechanisms proposed to explain both residual disease and pan-resistance. Although plausible explanations are at hand for residual disease, pan-resistance is still a mystery. My conclusion is that it is time for a major effort to solve this mystery using the new genetically modified mouse tumour models that produce real tumours resembling cancer in human patients. 相似文献
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