常用生理生化指标缩略词表

缩略语英文名称中文名称Chl Chlorophyll叶绿素FW Fresh weight鲜重Pn Net photosynthetic rate净光合速率Tr Transpiratory rate蒸腾速率Gs Stomatal conductance气孔导度Ci Intercellular CO2concentration细胞间隙CO2浓度Fo Initial fluorescence in the absence of NPQ暗适     

常用生理生化指标缩略词表

缩略语英文名称中文名称Chl Chlorophyll叶绿素FW Fresh weight鲜重Pn Net photosynthetic rate净光合速率Tr Transpiratory rate蒸腾速率Gs Stomatal conductance气孔导度Ci Intercellular CO2concentration细胞间隙CO2浓度Fo Initial fluorescence in the absence of NPQ暗适     

常用生理生化指标缩略词表

缩略语英文名称中文名称Chl Chlorophyll叶绿素FW Fresh weight鲜重Pn Net photosynthetic rate净光合速率Tr Transpiratory rate蒸腾速率Gs Stomatal conductance气孔导度Ci Intercellular CO2concentration细胞间隙CO2浓度Fo Initial fluorescence in the absence of NPQ暗适     

常用生理指标缩略词表

缩略语英文名称中文名称Chl Chlorophyll叶绿素FW Fresh weight鲜重Pn Net photosynthetic rate净光合速率Tr Transpiratory rate蒸腾速率Gs Stomatal conductance气孔导度Ci Intercellular CO2concentration细胞间隙CO2浓度Fo Initial fluorescence in the absence of NPQ暗适     

Respective and interactive effects of doubled CO2 and O3 concentration on membrane lipid peroxidation and antioxidative ability of soybean

Effects of doubled CO2 and O3 concentration on Soybean were studied in open-top chambers (OTC). Under doubled CO2 concentration, grain yield and biomass increased, the SOD activity, vitamin C (Vc) and carotenoid (Car) content also increased; Superoxide (O2-) generating rate decreased, relative conductivity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content significantly declined. But under doubled O3 concentration, the SOD activity, Vc and Car contents declined, resulting in imbalance of activated-oxygen production, enhanced O2- generating rate and accelerated process of lipid peroxidation and increase in MDA content and ion leakage of leaves. The final result was decreased grain yield and plant biomass. Interactive effects of doubled CO2 and O3 concentrations on soybean were mostly counteractive. However, the beneficial effects of concentration-doubled CO2 are more than compensate the negative effects imposed by doubled O3, and the latter in its turn partly counteracted the positive effects of the former.     

Construction of CO 2 -response model of electron transport rate in C 4 crop and its application北大核心CSCD

Aims Accurate estimation of variation tendency of photosynthetic electron flow response to CO 2 is of great significance to understand the photosynthetic processes. Methods A model of electron transport rate (J) response to CO 2 (model II) was developed based on a new model of photosynthesis response to CO 2 (model I). The data of maize (Zea mays) and grain amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) that were measured by LI-6400-40 portable photosynthetic apparatus were fitted by the two models, respectively. Important findings The results indicated that the model II could well characterize and fit the CO 2 -response curves of electron transport rate (J-C a curve) for maize and grain amaranth, and the maximum electron transport rates of maize and grain amaranth were 262.41 and 393.07 mol·m −2 ·s −1 , which were in very close agreement with the estimated values (p > 0.05), respectively. Based on these results, the allocation to other pathways of photosynthetic electronic flow were discussed. At 380 mol·mol −1 CO 2 , the photosynthetic electron flows for carbon assimilation of maize and grain amaranth carbon were 247.92 and 285.16 mol·m −2 ·s −1 , respectively, when the CO 2 for recovery of mitochondrial respiration was considered, and the photosynthetic electron flows for other pathways were 14.49 and 107.91 mol·m −2 ·s −1 , respectively. The photosynthetic electron flows for other pathways in grain amaranth were more six times than that in maize. The analysis shows that this difference is closely related to the types of catalytic decarboxylase and the locations of decarboxylation reactions. This finding provides a new perspective for investigating the differences between the two subtypes of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate malic acid enzyme type and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide malic acid enzyme type in C 4 species. In addition, the CO 2 -response model of electron transport rate offers us an alternative mathematical tool for investigating the photosynthetic electron flow of C4 crop. © 2018 Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology. All Rights Reserved.     

Plant phenolics mediated bottom-up effects of elevated CO2 on Acyrthosiphon pisum and its parasitoid Aphidius avenae

Elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2 can alter plant secondary metabolites,which play important roles in the interactions among plants,herbivorous insects and natural enemies.However,few studies have examined the cascading effects of host plant secondary metabolites on tri-trophic interactions under elevated CO2(eCO2).In this study,we determined the effects of eCO2 on the growth and foliar phenolics of Medicago truncatula and the cascading effects on two color genotypes oiAcyrthosiphon pisum(pink vs.green)and their parasitoid Aphidius avenae in the field open-top chambers.Our results showed that eCO2 increased photosynthetic rate,nodule number,yield and the total phenolic content of M.truncatula.eCO2 had contrasting effects on two genotypes of A.pisum;the green genotype demonstrated increased population abundance,fecundity,growth and feeding efficiency,while the pink genotype showed decreased fitness and these were closely associated with the foliar genstein content.Furthermore,eCO2 decreased the parasitic rate of A.avenae independent of aphid genotypes.eCO2 prolonged the emergence time and reduced the emergence rate and percentage of females when associated with the green genotype,but little difference,except for increased percentage of females,was observed in A.avenae under eCO2 when associated with the pink genotype,indicating that parasitoids can perceive and discriminate the qualities of aphid hosts.We concluded that eCO2 altered plant phenolics and thus the performance of aphids and parasitoids.Our results indicate that plant phenolics vary by different abiotic and biotic stimuli and could potentially deliver the cascading effects of eCO2 to the higher trophic levels.Our results also suggest that the green genotype is expected to perform better in future eCO2 because of decreased plant resistance after its infestation and decreased parasitic rate.     

Effect of light intensity on partitioning of photosynthetic electron transport to photorespiration in four subtropical forest plants

Photosynthetic rate (Pn) and the partitioning of noncyclic photosynthetic electron transport to photorespiration (Jo) in seedlings of four subtropical woody plants growing at three light intensities were studied in the summer time by measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence and CO2 exchange. Except Schima superba, an upper canopy tree species, the tree species Castanopsis fissa and two understory shrubs Psychotria rubra, Ardisia quinquegona had the highest Pn at 36% of sunlight intensity. The total photosynthetic electron transport rate (JF) and the ratio of Jo/JF were elevated in leaves under full sunlight. Jo/JF ratio reached 0.5-0.6 and coincided with the increasing of oxygenation rate of Rubisco (Vo), the activity of glycolate oxidase and photorespiration rate at full sunlight. It is suggested that an increasing partitioning proportion of photosynthetic electron transport to photorespiration might be one of the protective regulation mechanisms in forest plant under strong summer light and high tempe     

Characterization of photosynthesis, photoinhibition and the activities of C4 pathway enzymes in a superhigh-yield rice, Liangyoupeijiu

Characteristics of photosynthetic gas exchange, photoinhibition and C4 pathway enzyme activities in both flag leaves and lemma were compared between a superhigh-yield rice (Oryza sativa L.) hybrid, Liangyoupeijiu and a traditional rice hybrid, Shanyou63. Liangyoupeijiu had a similar light saturated assimilation rate (Asat) to Shanyou63, but a much higher apparent quantum yield (AQY), carboxylation efficiency (CE) and quantum yield of CO2 fixation (φCO2). Liangyoupeijiu also showed a higher resistance to photoinhibition and higher non-radiative energy dissipation associated with the xanthophyll cycle than Shanyou63 when subjected to strong light. In addition, Liangyoupeijiu had higher activities of the C4 pathway enzymes in both flag leaves and lemmas than Shanyou63. These results indicate that higher light and CO2 use efficiency, higher resistance to photoinhibition and C4 pathway in both flag leaf and lemma may contribute to the higher yield of the superhigh-yield rice hybrid, Liangyoupeijiu.     

Clonal differences in the response of dark and light reactions of photosynthesis to elevated atmospheric CO2 in poplar

Two hybrid poplar (Populus) clones (i.e., fast growing clone Beauprè and slow growing clone Robusta) were grown for two years from cuttings at close spacings in open top chambers (OTCs) under ambient (AC) and elevated [EC = AC + 350 μmol(CO2) mol-1] CO2 treatments. For clone Beauprè no down-regulation of photosynthesis was observed. Two years of growing under EC resulted in an increase in quantum yield of photosystem 2 (PS2), steady state irradiance saturated rate of net photosynthesis (P _Nmax), chlorophyll (Chl) content, and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPC) activity for this clone. We suppose that under non-limiting conditions of nitrogen and phosphorus content the response to EC was by building up light-harvesting complexes of PS2 and increasing photochemical efficiency of PS2. Due to a high rate of the primary reactions of photosynthesis and a high RuBPCO activity the end product of the response to EC was an increase in PNmax and a larger saccharides content. The Robusta clone showed a depression in the primary reactions of photosynthesis under EC. We found a decrease in quantum yield of PS2, Chl and phosphorus contents, and in RuBPCO activity. However, an increase in PNmax, saccharides content and Chl a/b ratio was observed. We speculate (1) that the phosphorus deficiency in combination with an increase in CO2 concentrations may lead to a potential damage of the assimilation apparatus of the primary reactions of photosynthesis and to a decrease in photochemical efficiency of PS2; (2) that the primary target of "down-regulation" takes place at PS2 for irradiances above 150 μmol m-2 s-1. This revised version was published online in September 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

不同CO2浓度下培养的蛋白核小球藻细胞结构的变化

大气 CO2 浓度升高已成为全球关注的一大热点问题 ,CO2 浓度升高对陆生植物影响已有广泛的研究[1] 。但水生植物由于水体中无机碳主要以CO2 -3 、HCO-3 和 CO2 的形式存在 ,所以对大气 CO2浓度升高的响应较为复杂。已有的有关 CO2 浓度与藻类关系的研究主要侧重于高浓度 CO2 对其生理学特性的影响 ,如 :当单细胞绿藻生活在高浓度 CO2( 5 % )的环境中时 ,细胞对 CO2 的亲和力明显降低 ,CO2 补偿点升高 ,碳酸酐酶的活性降低 ,细胞亚显微结构也伴随着明显变化 [2 ,3 ]。但以上的研究均采用很高的 CO2 浓度 (一般为 5 % ) ,而在现实的…     

黄河小浪底人工混交林冠层CO2储存通量变化特征

基于黄河小浪底人工混交林2008年的CO2浓度和碳通量数据,分析了不同天气条件下CO2浓度在时间和空间上的变化特征,对比了CO2浓度廓线法和涡度相关法估算的CO2储存通量,研究了CO2储存通量的日、季变化特征。结果表明:人工混交林冠层上方月平均CO2浓度具有明显的季节变化规律。月平均CO2浓度最大值出现在3月(370μmol/mol),最低值出现在8月(347μmol/mol)。涡度相关法估算的CO2储存通量比廓线法所得结果偏低9%。生长季,冠层CO2储存通量和净生态系统碳交换量(NEE)日平均值分别为-0.0004和-0.091 mg CO2m-2s-1,冠层CO2储存通量在NEE中仅占0.4%。2008年CO2储存通量和NEE分别为-46.1、-1133 g CO2m-2a-1。在年尺度上,CO2储存通量占NEE的4.1%。因此,在日和年尺度上计算黄河小浪底人工混交林NEE时,CO2储存通量可以忽略。     

CO_2激光照射对油菜种子活力指数的数学模拟

本试验采用多项式模拟方法 ,研究 CO2 激光对油菜种子活力指标的影响 ,分别得出了发芽种子的下胚轴长与 CO2 激光照射时间 ;发芽种子的胚根长与 CO2 激光照射时间 ;种子的发芽指数与 CO2 激光照射时间 ;萌动种子的过氧化氢酶活性与 CO2 激光照射时间 ;地上部鲜重与 CO2 激光照射时间 ;全株鲜重与 CO2 激光照射时间的数学模型。揭示了油菜种子活力与 CO2 激光照射时间的关系。     

覆膜对绿洲棉田土壤CO2通量和CO2浓度的影响

基于静态箱法和气井法分别测定新疆棉田覆膜位置的土壤CO2通量和CO2浓度.结果表明:土壤CO2通量和CO2浓度时间变化特征与土壤温度变化趋势一致,均表现为7月较高,10月最低.观测期内,棉田土壤CO2累积排放量非覆膜处理为2032.81 kg C·hm-2,覆膜处理为1871.95 kg C·hm-2;而1 m深度内土壤CO2浓度非覆膜处理为2165~23986μL·L-1,覆膜处理为5137~25945μL·L-1,即覆膜减少了棉田土壤排放CO2的同时增加了土壤CO2积累量.覆膜和非覆膜处理下不同深度土壤CO2浓度和CO2通量的相关系数分别为0.60~0.73和0.57~0.75,表明地表释放的CO2强烈依赖于土壤剖面储存的CO2.覆膜和非覆膜处理下Q10值分别为2.77和2.48,表明覆膜处理下的土壤CO2通量对土壤温度变化的响应更敏感.     

一套用于控制CO_2浓度的人工气候箱——CDCC-1型密闭式动态CO_2气室

CDCC 1型密闭式动态CO2 气室是一套CO2 浓度自动控制系统。试验结果表明 ,CDCC 1型密闭式动态CO2 气室内CO2 浓度控制十分稳定。 2个高浓度CO2 控制处理 ( 75 0 μL L和 1 0 5 0 μL L)的变异量≤ 1 8%,远远小于自然情况下的CO2 浓度变异 ( 8 3 %)。此外 ,CDCC 1型密闭式动态CO2 气室还可精准控制试验环境的温度和湿度 ,从而实现了试验的CO2 浓度、温度、湿度和光周期的稳定控制     

CO2浓度升高和不同氮源对紫茎泽兰生长及光合特性的影响

大气CO2浓度升高和植物入侵是全世界面临的两大重要问题。CO2浓度升高促进植物的光合作用,但在某些植物中,这种促进作用出现在短期高浓度CO2下,而在长期高浓度CO2处理下消失（称为CO2驯化）,被认为源于高浓度CO2对光呼吸和NO-3同化的抑制。通过比较研究不同形式氮源（全氮、硝态氮）和短期（8 days）、长期（40 days）CO2浓度升高处理对入侵植物紫茎泽兰生理特征的影响,结果表明在全氮供应下,短期和长期CO2浓度升高均促进了紫茎泽兰的光合;氨态氮缺失情况下,长期CO2浓度升高促进紫茎泽兰的光合,而短期CO2浓度升高对紫茎泽兰的光合没有促进作用;缺NH＋4下,短期高浓度CO2提高了叶片叶绿素含量,长期CO2升高又使其回复到正常CO2下的较低水平。这些结果表明紫茎泽兰并不会对长期的CO2升高产生驯化,即长期CO2升高会促进紫茎泽兰的光合作用,而且这一促进作用不受土壤中缺NH＋4的影响。鉴于培养介质中缺NH＋4会导致一些植物产生“CO2驯化”,未来CO2浓度升高情况下,在缺NH＋4的土壤中,紫茎泽兰的竞争力可能会更强。     

影响阔叶红松林土壤CO2排放的主要因素

采用静态封闭箱式技术对长白山阔叶红松林土壤CO2 的排放通量进行 1年的观测 ,并通过多元回归分析了土壤CO2 排放速率与 5个环境因子间的关系。结果表明 ,阔叶红松林土壤CO2 排放与表层无凋落物的土壤CO2 排放速率在测定年度内具有相同的季节变化趋势。在不同的月份中 ,以 7月份最高 ,2月份最低 ;在夏季 18∶0 0为土壤日CO2 排放的最高峰 ;土壤CO2 排放速率与 5个环境因子进行多元回归的结果显示 :林地土壤CO2 排放速率与地表温度和地下 2 0cm土壤湿度呈显著正相关。根据气象资料推算 ,阔叶红松林的年凋落物和土壤CO2排放通量分别为 2 80 4 gCO2 ·m-2 ·a-1和 3911gCO2 ·m-2 ·a-1。阔叶红松林凋落物排放CO2年通量占土壤林地CO2 排放总量的 2 8%。     

CO2倍增条件下长白赤松幼苗土壤CO2廓线的动态

采用固定在土壤中的气井系统,监测土壤剖面的CO2动态及其与长白赤松 (Pinus sylvestris var. sylvestriformis (Takenouchi) Cheng et C. D. Chu) 幼苗根系发展之间的关系.实验研究共设4种CO2处理,分别是环境CO2浓度,无苗;CO2为700 μmol/mol,无苗;环境CO2浓度,有苗;CO2为700 μmol/mol,有苗.通过对土壤剖面CO2气体的同步采集与分析表明:土壤CO2廓线与幼苗根系的生物活性密切相关.在土壤表面及壤土和沙土的边界层中,根系分布密集,根系的呼吸作用对那两个土层CO2贡献大;随着幼苗的季节生长,与环境CO2浓度比较,CO2倍增将导致土壤剖面上CO2浓度最大区域由表面向壤土和沙土边界层的转移.本文采用的气井系统提供了一种对土壤无破坏、经济、简单并且能够用于监测幼苗地下过程的廓线研究方法.     

CO2倍增条件下长白赤松幼苗土壤CO2廓线的动态

采用固定在土壤中的气井系统 ,监测土壤剖面的CO2 动态及其与长白赤松 (Pinussylvestrisvar.sylvestriformis(Takenouchi)ChengetC .D .Chu)幼苗根系发展之间的关系。实验研究共设 4种CO2 处理 ,分别是环境CO2 浓度 ,无苗 ;CO2 为 70 0 μmol/mol,无苗 ;环境CO2 浓度 ,有苗 ;CO2 为 70 0 μmol/mol,有苗。通过对土壤剖面CO2 气体的同步采集与分析表明 :土壤CO2 廓线与幼苗根系的生物活性密切相关。在土壤表面及壤土和沙土的边界层中 ,根系分布密集 ,根系的呼吸作用对那两个土层CO2 贡献大 ;随着幼苗的季节生长 ,与环境CO2 浓度比较 ,CO2 倍增将导致土壤剖面上CO2 浓度最大区域由表面向壤土和沙土边界层的转移。本文采用的气井系统提供了一种对土壤无破坏、经济、简单并且能够用于监测幼苗地下过程的廓线研究方法。