苏云金芽孢杆菌几丁质酶的研究进展

苏云金芽孢杆菌制剂作为无公害农药已经得到社会的认可,如果再开发其几丁质酶抑制真菌和杀虫增效功能,不仅可充分利用这一农业微生物菌种资源,也将给予传统生物农药以新的生命力。综述了苏云金芽孢杆菌几丁质酶方面研究的国内外最新进展。     

叶面分离苏云金芽孢杆菌的研究进展

苏云金芽孢杆菌是一种在芽孢形成的同时能形成杀虫晶体蛋白的细菌,广泛存在于土壤、昆虫、贮藏物、仓库尘埃、植被等昆虫接触物上.植物叶片作为Bt分离的重要来源,目前对这方面的研究相对较少,国内刚刚起步.本文就叶面分离Bt的研究成果、叶片采样及分离方法进行阐述.     

单增李斯特菌食品分离株LM201的双组分信号转导系统的生物信息学分析

用生物信息学方法对已完成基因组测序的单增李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes,Lm)食品分离株LM201的双组分信号转导系统(Two-component signal transduction systems,TCSs)进行了数量统计、结构分析和功能预测。结果发现:LM201有14对TCSs和2个孤儿应答调控子(Response regulator,RR);其组氨酸激酶(Histidine kinase,HK)具有11种组成结构;其RRs分属于7个亚家族;有3对TCSs和1个孤儿RR的预测功能在Lm中未见报道,有1对TCS功能预测为未知。该研究结果能为构建Lm的TCSs交叉调控网络提供参考,以明确TCSs在Lm毒力调控方面的机制。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌Cyt蛋白研究进展

苏云金芽孢杆菌 (Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓｔｈｕｒｉｎｇｉｅｎｓｉｓ,简称Ｂｔ)是目前世界上应用最广泛、最成功的微生物杀虫剂 ,也是公认的无公害生物农药。苏云金芽孢杆菌最主要的杀虫活性物质是杀虫晶体蛋白 (ＩｎｓｅｃｔｉｃｉｄａｌＣｒｙｓ ｔａｌＰｒｏｔｅｉｎｓ,ＩＣＰｓ) ,包括晶体蛋白 (Ｃｒｙ)和Ｃｙｔ蛋白 (Ｃｙｔ)两大类。这两类蛋白在氨基酸序列及其基因同源性上相距甚远 ,但它们均能在靶标害虫中肠内被激活成毒素 ,并在昆虫中肠细胞膜上形成孔道 ,进而引起中肠细胞胶样渗透裂解 (ｃｏｌｌｏｉｄ ｏｓｍｏｔｉｃｌｙｓｉｓ) ,最…     

苏云金芽孢杆菌发酵实验参数的分析

采用最小二乘法对苏云金芽孢杆菌发酵实验测试数据进行回归分析,得到了还原糖含量、PH值及溶氧值随时间的变化规律,并对其进行误差分析。为苏云金芽孢杆菌发酵实验过程的参数设计和控制提供了可靠的理论依据。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫剂的剂型加工研究进展

理想的Bt杀虫剂应有良好的防腐剂以抑制自身和其它做生物的活动,有紫外线防护剂保护其田间药效,有表面活性剂使其能在作物表面展着,有诱食利促进昆虫食欲,有增效剂提高杀虫效率等。本文分析了Bt杀虫剂常用的液体剂型和固体剂型的加工技术及存在的问题,综述了苏云金芽孢杆菌的剂型近年来研究和开发的现状及进展概况。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌转座因子研究进展

近年来的研究发现苏云金芽孢杆菌转座因子和许多毒力因子可能是紧密联系的。由于转座因子的特殊性质,使它们在现代农业生物技术中有着广泛的应用前景,科学家对苏云金芽孢杆菌转座因子的研究也在不断深入。本文主要针对苏云金芽孢杆菌转座因子的研究进展进行综述,并对发展前景进行展望。     

硅酸盐细菌和苏云金芽孢杆菌原生质体融合

具有解钾活性的硅酸盐细菌──胶质芽孢杆菌（R．mucilaginesus）W9－12与具有杀虫活性的苏云金芽孢杆菌（B．thuringensis）Bt179208原生质体质进行了融合。W9－12原生质体形成率为99．7％．再生率为24．9％,Bt179208原生质体形成率为99．9％,再生率为35％。以PEG为助融剂进行原生质体融合．得到56个融合子．融合率为5．92×10－6。融合子在双抗选择培养基上连续传代10次,得到12个稳定的融合子,生物测定表明,融合子既具有一定的杀虫活性又具有一定的解钾活性。     

双组份系统YvcPQ抑制苏云金芽胞杆菌的芽胞形成

【目的】探究双组份系统YvcPQ影响芽胞形成的机制。【方法】利用β-半乳糖苷酶活性实验验证YvcP对芽胞形成抑制因子KapD的调控作用;通过无痕基因敲除并分别比较突变株与出发菌株的芽胞产率,研究YvcPQ及KapD对芽胞形成的影响;应用细菌单杂交实验、EMSA实验和实时荧光定量PCR技术探究转录调控因子AbrB对yvcPQ操纵子的转录调节。【结果】YvcP可以正调控kapD的表达,从而抑制芽胞形成;yvcPQ不能受YvcP的自调控,而是受AbrB转录激活。【结论】调控因子AbrB能够通过正调控yvcPQ操纵子的转录来提高细胞内YvcP的含量,进而增强YvcP对芽胞形成抑制因子编码基因kapD的表达,最终抑制芽胞的形成。     

Bioinformatics analyses for signal transduction networks

Research in signaling networks contributes to a deeper understanding of organism living activities. With the development of experimental methods in the signal transduction field, more and more mechanisms of signaling pathways have been discovered. This paper introduces such popular bioin-formatics analysis methods for signaling networks as the common mechanism of signaling pathways and database resource on the Internet, summerizes the methods of analyzing the structural properties of networks, including structural Motif finding and automated pathways generation, and discusses the modeling and simulation of signaling networks in detail, as well as the research situation and tendency in this area. Now the investigation of signal transduction is developing from small-scale experiments to large-scale network analysis, and dynamic simulation of networks is closer to the real system. With the investigation going deeper than ever, the bioinformatics analysis of signal transduction would have immense space for development and application.     

葡萄球菌呼吸相关双组分系统SrrAB研究进展

葡萄球菌呼吸相关双组分系统SrrAB能感应外界O2浓度,并将信号传至胞内,调控下游基因的转录,以应对外界环境的变化。有研究表明,金黄色葡萄球菌SrrAB在有氧条件下促进毒力因子的表达,抑制生物膜的形成;在厌氧条件下抑制毒力因子的表达,促进生物膜的形成。另外,在有氧及厌氧条件下,金黄色葡萄球菌SrrAB调控生长代谢的途径也不一致。表皮葡萄球菌中也存在类似的双组分系统SrrAB,且与金黄色葡萄球菌SrrAB具有较高同源性,但目前尚不清楚两者在生长代谢及毒力调控方面的异同。结合课题组研究工作,简要综述葡萄球菌SrrAB的调控机制,着重比较其在有氧及厌氧条件下的调控差异,这对临床诊治葡萄球菌引起的感染具有一定的借鉴意义。     

苏云金杆菌entomocidus亚种几丁质酶基因的克隆与生物信息学分析

从苏云金杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,B t)entom oc idus亚种HD109菌株中克隆了几丁质酶基因chiA74-HD109,其序列全长为2 031 bp,编码676个氨基酸,GenBank登录号为AY455290。其编码产物与蜡状芽孢杆菌几丁质酶CHiB(AB041932)的相似性达97.9%,与B t kenyae亚种LB IT-82菌株几丁质酶chiA74(AF424979)的相似性达98.4%,与B t pak istan i亚种几丁质酶(U89796)的相似性为83.0%,与B t kurstak i亚种几丁质酶kchi(AY189740)的相似性达97.8%,与B t israe lensis亚种几丁质酶(AF526379)的相似性达96.6%,与B t几丁质酶(AY074882)的相似性达98.4%,与B t sotto亚种几丁质酶(AY129671)的相似性为97.3%。功能结构域分析显示其编码区包含信号肽、催化区、Ⅲ型粘蛋白同源区及几丁质结合区4个部分。     

利用ERIC-PCR对苏云金芽胞杆菌与蜡状芽胞杆菌进行鉴定的研究

为了探索ERIC-PCR技术在苏云金芽胞杆菌和蜡状芽胞杆菌的鉴定及分型中的应用价值,本研究采用PCR方法初步检测苏云金芽胞杆菌杀虫晶体蛋白基因的组成,并对苏云金芽胞杆菌和蜡状芽胞杆菌的总DNA进行ERIC-PCR扩增,分析ERIC-PCR指纹图谱的特点并采用NTSYS2.10软件对其进行聚类。结果显示,各菌株的ERIC指纹图谱表现出不同程度的多态性,但图谱与菌株所含cry基因的类型存在一定的相关性。聚类分析结果显示,含有相同或相近cry基因类型的Bt菌株在进化树上趋向聚为一类,而不含cry基因的蜡状芽胞杆菌趋向于与不含cry基因的Bt菌株聚为一类或单独聚类。若在多种模式菌株的参考下,该方法可用于苏云金芽胞杆菌的初步鉴定和分型。     

Identity of hemolysins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus cereus

A hemolysin (Bt-hemolysin) produced by Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-1 producing crystalline toxin(s) was purified by successive treatments of ammonium sulfate (45-65%) and column chromatography using DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G-75 and KB-002 (a hydroxyapatite column for fast protein liquid chromatography). A hemolysin (Bc-hemolysin) produced by B. cereus HG-6A was also purified by the same procedure. The purified Bt-hemolysin and Bc-hemolysin, both of which are thiol-activated hemolysins, were biologically, physicochemically and immunologically identical. These findings provide further evidence of the similarity of B. thuringiensis, which is being used as a biological insecticide, to B. cereus, a toxigenic organism of food poisoning.     

A pangenomic study of Bacillus thuringiensis

Bacillus thuringiensis (B.thuringiensis) is a soil-dwelling Gram-positive bacterium and its plasmid-encoded toxins (Cry) are commonly used as biological alternatives to pesticides.In a pangenomic study,we sequenced seven B.thuringiensis isolates in both high coverage and base quality using the next-generation sequencing platform.The B.thuringiensis pangenome was extrapolated to have 4196 core genes and an asymptotic value of 558 unique genes when a new genome is added.Compared to the pangenomes of its closely related species of the same genus,B.thuringiensis pangenome shows an open characteristic,similar to B.cereus but not to B.anthracis; the latter has a closed pangenome.We also found extensive divergence among the seven B.thuringiensis genome assemblies,which harbor ample repeats and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).The identities among orthologous genes are greater than 84.5％ and the hotspots for the genome variations were discovered in genomic regions of 2.3-2.8 Mb and 5.0-5.6 Mb.We concluded that high-coverage sequence assemblies from multiple strains,before all the gaps are closed,are very useful for pangenomic studies.     

Transformation of Bacillus thuringiensis by electroporation

Plasmids were transformed by electroporation into various strains of Bacillus thuringiensis with frequencies of up to 10(5) transformants/micrograms. pC 194 transformed all strains tested at a high frequency and cells could be stably transformed with pC194 and pUB110 simultaneously by electroporation with a frequency of 10(2) pC194+ pUB110 transformants/micrograms DNA. Low transformation frequencies observed with some plasmids, especially those grown initially in Escherichia coli, could be increased by passage through B. thuringiensis, B. thuringiensis var. israelensis and in acrystalliferous mutant of the same strain transformed at frequencies of 10(4)-10(5)/micrograms DNA with most of the plasmids tested. A cloned israelensis 27-kDa delta-endotoxin gene was introduced into the israelensis acrystalliferous mutant and a kurstaki acrystalliferous mutant by electroporation. Both transformants were shown to express the endotoxin gene and to be toxic to Aedes aegypti larvae.     

苏云金芽孢杆菌的一个新亚种(Btsubsp.sinensis)

198 9年自云南昆明市石林的红棕壤中分离到数株苏云金芽孢杆菌 (Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓｔｈｕｒｉｎｇｉｅｎ ｓｉｓ,Ｂｔ)菌株[1] ,对其中的一株ＹＫ30 0 4进行了生物学特性、杀虫特性研究及分类鉴定。1　材料与方法1.1　供鉴定的Ｂｔ菌株由云南昆明市石林的红棕壤中分离的苏云金芽孢杆菌ＹＫ30 0 4菌株。1.2　标准Ｂｔ菌株血清型Ｈ1 Ｈ4 1、Ｈ4 4 Ｈ55及Ｈ57 Ｈ69标准Ｂｔ菌株由法国巴斯德研究院ＤｒＬｅｃａｄｅｔ提供 ,其余为本实验室保存。1.3　生物测定用昆虫小菜蛾 (Ｐｌｕｔｅｌｌａｘｙｌｏｓｔｅｌｌａ) 3龄幼虫 ;斜纹夜盗蛾 (Ｐｒ…