生物可降解微球作为乙型肝炎基因免疫佐剂的研究

探讨生物可降解微球对基因免疫的增强作用。采用有机溶剂蒸发法制备聚乳酸聚乙醇酸共聚 物（ＰＬＧＡ）微球,构建含有乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原Ｓ基因的ｐＲＣ－ＣＭＶ真核表达载体,用微球与基因 载体共孵育法制备其混合物。肌肉注射免疫Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠。结果表明：微球注射组的血清抗体滴度达到 ｌ：１６００,其效果与乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原加铝佐剂注射组相近,而裸ＤＮＡ注射组没有反应。说明了 生物可降解微球可显著的提高基因免疫的免疫反应。     

生物可降解微球作为HPV-E7蛋白免疫佐剂的研究

目的：对聚乳酸聚羟基乙酸（PGLA）作为疫苗运输载体进行免疫学评价。方法：用复乳法制备PLGA微球,通过表面吸附人乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）E7蛋白制备成聚乳酸聚羟基乙酸（PGLA）微球,考察粒径分布情况及体外释放水平,通过皮下免疫注射途径免疫C57BL/6小鼠,用间接ELISA法检测免疫鼠血清中的抗体水平,由此评价PLGA微球疫苗运输载体的佐剂效应。。结果：复乳法制备的PLGA微球表面光滑,大小均匀,包封率20.1%,注射小鼠6周后（第2周加强免疫1次）,微球疫苗诱导产生的IgG1抗体水平较同剂量的铝佐剂组和溴化二甲基双十八胺（DDA）组明显升高,（平均滴度分别为3805、1270、2262）;微球疫苗诱导产生IgG2b的抗体水平明显高于铝佐剂组,略低于DDA组,（平均滴度分别为1131、475、2653）而IgG2c的抗体量高于铝佐剂组和DDA组（平均滴度分别为150、36、106）。结论：人乳头状瘤病毒E7蛋白聚乳酸羟基乙酸微球作为疫苗输送体系可以明显的提高抗原的免疫原性。     

生物可降解微球作为HPV-E7 蛋白免疫佐剂的研究

目的:对聚乳酸聚羟基乙酸(PGLA)作为疫苗运输载体进行免疫学评价。方法:用复乳法制备PLGA微球,通过表面吸附人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)E7蛋白制备成聚乳酸聚羟基乙酸(PGLA)微球,考察粒径分布情况及体外释放水平,通过皮下免疫注射途径免疫C57BL/6小鼠,用间接ELISA法检测免疫鼠血清中的抗体水平,由此评价PLGA微球疫苗运输载体的佐剂效应。。结果:复乳法制备的PLGA微球表面光滑,大小均匀,包封率20.1%,注射小鼠6周后(第2周加强免疫1次),微球疫苗诱导产生的IgG1抗体水平较同剂量的铝佐剂组和溴化二甲基双十八胺(DDA)组明显升高,(平均滴度分别为3805、1270、2262);微球疫苗诱导产生IgG2b的抗体水平明显高于铝佐剂组,略低于DDA组,(平均滴度分别为1131、475、2653)而IgG2c的抗体量高于铝佐剂组和DDA组(平均滴度分别为150、36、106)。结论:人乳头状瘤病毒E7蛋白聚乳酸羟基乙酸微球作为疫苗输送体系可以明显的提高抗原的免疫原性。     

丙型肝炎病毒核酸疫苗的免疫效果观察

将丙型肝炎病毒Ｃ＋Ｅ１区基因克隆到不同的真核细胞表达载体ｐＣＤＮＡ３．１（＋）和ｐＳＶＬ中,通过肌肉注射和皮下注射免疫ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ及Ｆ１小鼠后,产生了抗ＨＣＶ／Ｃ区抗体。其中核酸疫苗ｐｃＤＮＡ３．１－ＨＣＶ／Ｃ＋Ｅ１的免疫高峰的出现早于ｐＳＶＬ－ＨＣＶ／Ｃ＋Ｅ１,Ｆ１小鼠的抗体应答强于ＢＡＬＢ／小鼠。肌肉注射优于皮下注射。     

白细胞介素-2在狂犬病免疫保护及细胞免疫检测上的作用

狂犬病疫苗免疫人外周血淋巴细胞（ＰＢＬ）分泌白细胞介素－２（ＩＬ－２）。ＩＬ－２具有增强狂犬病疫苗保护力的佐剂效能,在疫苗免疫后对机体免疫系统发挥调节作用。ＩＬ－２在狂犬病免疫保护和免疫检定上的作用尤为重要。在接种疫苗后,狂犬病免疫对象的ＰＢＬ,在体外受特异性抗原刺激产生的ＩＬ－２水平,是检定狂犬病疫苗免疫原性与保护效力及评价机体免疫状况──细胞介导免疫（ＣＭＩ）水平的简易科学新指标。ＩＬ－２诱生水平测定,可能替代经典ＮＩＨ小鼠攻毒试验,而与病毒中和抗体（ＶＮＡｂ）水平测定和糖蛋白含量分析,一并用于评价狂犬病疫苗保护力。     

戊型肝炎重组蛋白聚乳酸羟基乙酸微球疫苗的研究

目的:研究戊型肝炎重组蛋白(NE2)聚乳酸羟基乙酸(PLGA)微球疫苗诱导免疫应答的情况.方法:复乳法制备微球,考察粒径分布等特性.通过间接ELISA法检测其诱导BALB/c小鼠体内IgG、IgG2a和IgGl1水平,并通过IFN--ELISPOT方法检测其诱导BALB/c小鼠体内抗原特异性免疫应答情况.结果:微球的平均粒径为7.1m.注射小鼠6周后(第4周加强免疫1次),微球疫苗诱导产生的抗戊型肝炎病毒IgG抗体水平较同剂量铝佐剂组明显升高(间接ELISA:OD450/620 10.09vs.5.32).IgG2a抗体量略高于铝佐剂组,OD450/620分别为0.17、0.04.IgG1抗体量明显高于铝佐剂组.OD450/620分别为20.48、15.00.IFN--ELISPOT结果显示,微球疫苗能很好的诱导NE2或P34肽抗原特异性免疫应答.结论:戊型肝炎重组蛋白聚乳酸羟基乙酸微球作为疫苗输送体系能明显的提高抗原的免疫原性,有很好的应用前景.     

阳离子脂质体DOTAP佐剂对H5N1流感病毒裂解疫苗免疫效果的影响

目的研究阳离子脂质体DOTAP佐剂对H5N1型流感病毒裂解疫苗免疫效果的影响。方法制备DOTAP阳离子脂质体流感病毒裂解疫苗(简称DOTAP流感裂解疫苗),检测其包封率。将BALB/c小鼠分为13组,分别用含0.1、1.0、10.0μg HA/只剂量以DOTAP、Al(OH)3、CPG-ODN为佐剂以及不含佐剂的流感裂解疫苗于0、21天皮下免疫,PBS作为对照组,用血凝抑制试验检测小鼠初次免疫后21、42天血清HI抗体滴度;用ELISA检测初次免疫后21、42天血清特异性IgG抗体、IgG1、IgG2a亚类抗体滴度,以及初次免疫后42天小鼠脾脏单个核细胞体外经抗原刺激后细胞因子IL-2、IL-4、IFN-γ的分泌水平。将BALB/c小鼠分为3组,分别用含不同DOTAP剂量(100、300、600μg/只)的DOTAP流感裂解疫苗于0、21天皮下免疫,检测初次免疫后21、42天小鼠血清HI抗体滴度和IgG抗体滴度。结果 DOTAP流感裂解疫苗粒径在300~400 nm,带正电荷,包封率在50%以上;DOTAP流感裂解疫苗诱导的HI抗体水平和特异性IgG抗体水平均高于流感裂解疫苗,而与铝佐剂和Cp G-ODN佐剂间差异无统计学意义;DOTAP流感裂解疫苗产生的抗体仍以IgG1亚类抗体为主,免疫后42天诱导的IgG2a亚类抗体水平高于流感裂解疫苗和铝佐剂,低于Cp G-ODN佐剂;DOTAP流感裂解疫苗免疫后既分泌高水平Th1型细胞因子IFN-γ,同时也分泌高水平Th2型细胞因子IL-4;不同DOTAP剂量的DOTAP流感裂解疫苗免疫后,其HI抗体滴度和IgG抗体滴度在低、中、高剂量组之间存在明显的量效关系。结论 DOTAP作为H5N1型流感病毒裂解疫苗的佐剂可显著提高流感裂解疫苗的免疫原性,其对体液免疫应答的增强作用不低于铝佐剂和Cp G-ODN佐剂,并具有诱导细胞免疫应答的能力。     

HCV/HBV复合抗原基因的克隆、表达及免疫应答研究

为探讨ＨＣＶ／ＨＢＶ 复合疫苗的可行性,将合成的丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）复合多表位抗原基因ＰＣＸ与ＨＢｓＡｇ 基因连接成ＰＣＸＳ基因,与β－半乳糖苷酶（ＧＺ）基因融合后在大肠杆菌及减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌中获得表达．目的蛋白ＧＺ－ＰＣＸＳ可被抗－ＨＢｓ 及抗－ＨＣＶ 抗体所特异识别．ＧＺ－ＰＣＸＳ抗原皮下注射免疫ＩＣＲ小鼠后,诱发了较高水平的抗－ＧＺ－ＰＣＸＳＩｇＧ反应．构建的重组减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌ＳＬ３２６１（ｐＷＲ／ＰＣＸＳ）口服免疫小鼠后,诱发了高水平的ＣＤ８＋ Ｔ细胞增殖反应及抗ＧＺ－ＰＣＸＳＩｇＧ反应．所有免疫小鼠均未见明显的毒副作用．该研究揭示,ＨＣＶ／ＨＢＶ 复合抗原可诱发特异性体液免疫及细胞免疫应答,而活菌苗口服可能是理想的免疫途径,为ＨＣＶ／ＨＢＶ 双价疫苗研究提供了一定的理论及实验依据．     

HEVAg-PLGA纳米颗粒疫苗小鼠体内免疫学研究

研究重组戊型肝炎抗原(HEVAg)-乳酸/乙醇酸共聚物(PLGA)纳米颗粒抗原能否在动物体内诱导产生免疫应答。制备HEVAg-PLGA纳米颗粒抗原后,通过皮下、滴鼻、口服途径接种Balb/c小鼠,每隔4周加强免疫两次,HEVAg与铝盐佐剂(铝佐剂疫苗Al_2O_3-Ag)为对照组,一定时间内检测抗体及细胞因子的应答水平。结果HEVAg-PLGA纳米颗粒抗原在小鼠体内诱导产生有效的体液免疫、细胞免疫。滴鼻、口服途径黏膜系统中诱导产生较高滴度的IgA抗体,ELISPOT结果显示鼻腔、唾液腺中IgA ASCs数量显著增加;皮下途径诱导产生较高滴度的IgG抗体;常规铝佐剂疫苗相比于HEVAg-PLGA纳米颗粒抗原诱导较强的IgG抗体水平,未诱导产生黏膜免疫应答;HEVAg-PLGA纳米颗粒抗原诱导产生较强细胞免疫应答,皮下接种途径IFN-γ、IL-4生成细胞数量显著高于其它免疫组。与铝佐剂疫苗相比,HEVAg-PLGA纳米颗粒抗原能有效诱导产生系统免疫及黏膜免疫应答,显示HEVAg-PLGA有潜力成为备选HEV黏膜疫苗抗原,同时展示PLGA颗粒作为黏膜系统抗原递送载体及黏膜佐剂的优越性。     

Epstein—Barr病毒潜伏膜蛋白（LMP）基因免疫的初步研究

利用基因免疫技术,将重组质粒ＰＢＳ－ＬＭＰ－Ｈｙｇ直接注入ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠骨骼肌中,于第２、４、８周,用间接免疫荧光法检测鼠血清中抗ＥＢ病毒潜伏膜蛋白（ＬＭＰ）特异抗体,结果表明,所有免疫小鼠（５／５）均产生特异体体,且抗体滴度随时间变化逐渐增高。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Scales of spatial patterns of distribution of intertidal invertebrates

Few comparative studies of spatial patterns at different scales have examined several species in the same habitat or the same species over a range of habitats. Therefore, variability in patterns among species or among habitats has seldom been documented. This study quantifies spatial patterns of a suite of intertidal snails and a species of barnacle using a range of statistical techniques. Variability in densities was quantified from the scale of adjacent quadrats (over a distance of centimeters) to tens of kilometers. Significant differences in abundances occurred primarily at two spatial scales. Small-scale differences were found at the scales of centimeters or 1–2 m and, for many species on many shores, these accounted for most of the variability in abundances from place to place. These are likely to be determined by behavioural responses to small-scale patches of microhabitat. Large-scale differences in abundance were also found in most species at the scale of hundreds of meters alongshore. These are likely to be due to variation in recruitment (and/or mortality) because of limited dispersal by adults of these species. There was little or no additional variation among shores, separated by tens of kilometers, than was shown among patches of shore separated by hundreds of meters. Identification of the scale(s) at which significant differences in abundance are found focus attention on the processes (and the scales at which these processes operate) that influence patterns of distribution and abundance. Some of the advantages and disadvantages of various procedures are discussed.