壳寡糖诱导的烟草SKP1基因表达

壳寡糖是一种高效的植物抗性诱导剂,应用mRNA差异显示技术从经过壳寡糖诱导的枯斑三生烟草叶片中分离到了编号为5、31、37和46的4个基因片段.4个基因片段与本塞姆氏烟草(Nicotiana benthamiana)SKP1基因的mRNA同源性都达到82%,据此推断这4个片段是感病烟草品种枯斑三生烟草的SKP1基因.质粒双酶切及反向Northern分析结果表明,该基因表达在壳寡糖诱导下增强.由于SKP1基因与植物的抗病毒病相关,从而在mRNA水平上验证了壳寡糖的诱导抗性效应.     

NtSKP1基因的反义载体构建及转基因烟草的产生

根据枯斑三生烟SKP1基因(NtSKP1)的序列,设计一对分别含有特定酶切位点的特异引物,以重组质粒pMD18-SKP1为模板,扩增目的基因(约473bp)片段。将反向目的片段插入中间载体pHANNIBAL的内含子右侧,再经NotⅠ酶切回收约3443bp的目的片段,插入到双元载体质粒pART27中,成功构建了含NtSKP1基因片段反向序列的植物表达载体pART27-skp1a,其转录产物能减弱目的基因的表达。将pART27-skp1a质粒导人根癌农杆菌LBA4404中并转化烟草叶片细胞,经选择分化培养,获得转基因烟草。     

激发子基因peaT1转化三生烟及其对TMV抗性的提高

通过根癌农杆菌(Agrobactrium tumefaciens)介导转化法,将含有激发子基因peaT1的植物表达载体pCAM-BIA2300-G4AS-peaT1转化三生烟,获得了转基因烟草植株。用PCR检测确认了阳性转化株,用Southern杂交、RT-PCR和Western杂交进一步证实了peaT1基因的整合、转录和表达。对T1代转基因阳性株进行TMV接种试验,结果显示,与非转基因对照相比,表达peaT1的烟草叶片枯斑数量减少,表明蛋白激发子基因peaT1的表达提高了转基因烟草对TMV的抗性。     

苎麻疫霉诱抗激发蛋白的纯化及其特性

苎麻疫霉(Phytophthora boehmeriae Saw．)在Plich’s培养液中产生的蛋白质用硫酸铵沉淀后,经DEAE—sepharose F.F.阴离子交换柱层析和HPLC层析,分离纯化出可诱发甜椒和三生烟产生过敏性坏死反应的激发蛋白(boehmedaein),经HPLC鉴定达到液相色谱纯,其分子量约为10.6kD,pI为4．32,氨基酸组成和N-末端20个氨基酸序列与已报道的elicitin蛋白具有广泛的同源性。诱导抗病性测定表明,bochmedacin可诱导非寄主三生烟和茄门甜椒产生过敏性坏死反应,并可诱导辣椒对疫病的抗性,其效果为30～40％。     

干扰素的功能表达机制——Ⅵ.2'-5'三腺苷酸对烟草花叶病毒增殖的抑制作用

2'-5'三腺苷酸是否能抑制植物病毒在植物组织中的繁殖,过去无人报告过。本文证实2'-5'三腺苷酸能抑制烟草花叶病毒对离体的枯斑三生烟(Nicotina tabacum cv. samsum NN)叶片的侵染和在离体的普通烟(Nicotina tabacum)叶片内的繁殖,说明在植物中也存在2'-5'寡腺苷酸的作用体系,为植物干扰素的作用机理研究提供了新的依据。     

香石竹DcSKP1基因克隆及表达分析

SKP1基因是SCF E3泛素连接酶蛋白复合物的核心成分,参与多种生物过程。然而,香石竹SKP1基因还未被克隆,该文利用RT-PCR结合RACE技术,从香石竹(Dianthus caryophyllus)的花药中分离克隆了1个减数分裂相关基因SKP1的全长cDNA序列,命名为DcSKP1(GenBank登录号为MK931293)。结果表明:(1)DcSKP1基因cDNA全长序列为962 bp,含有1个长度为567 bp的ORF,该基因编码188个氨基酸。(2)蛋白序列比对显示,DcSKP1中存在一个高度保守TPEE基序,还具有Skp1_POZ结构域和Skp1结构域,并与拟南芥的SKP1聚集在一个分支上。(3)利用荧光定量PCR对香石竹DcSKP1基因表达模式进行研究,发现DcSKP1基因在各个组织部位都有表达,在花药中的表达量高于茎、叶组织,且在幼小的花药中表达量最高,随着花药发育的进程表达量下降。由此推测,DcSKP1基因可能在香石竹减数分裂中具有重要作用。     

干扰素的功能表达机制——Ⅵ.2’-5’三腺苷酸对烟草花叶病毒增殖的抑制作用

2′-5′三腺苷酸是否能抑制植物病毒在植物组织中的繁殖,过去无人报告过。本文证实2′-5′三腺苷酸能抑制烟草花叶病毒对离体的枯斑三生烟(Nicotina tabacum cv.samsum NN)叶片的侵染和在离体的普通烟(Nicotina tabacum)叶片内的繁殖,说明在植物中也存在2′-5′寡腺苷酸的作用体系,为植物干扰素的作用机理研究提供了新的依据。     

甜菜黑色焦枯病毒外壳蛋白与病毒致病性的关系

利用RT-PCR方法,构建获得了由T7RNA聚合酶启动子驱动的甜菜黑色焦枯病毒(BBSV)全长cDNA克隆pUBF52.摩擦接种苋色藜(Chenopodiumamaranticolor)后,体外转录产物可导致与野生病毒相同的枯斑症状,蛋白质印迹和RNA印迹检测也都证明了转录产物的侵染活性.构建了BBSVp24基因的原核表达载体pECP1,转化大肠杆菌BL21后的诱导表达产物能够与BBSV的抗血清呈现特异性反应,表明该基因编码产生BBSV的外壳蛋白(CP).以pUBF52为模板,分别构建了BBSVCP基因的移码突变体和不同程度的缺失突变体.侵染性检测表明,CP基因的移码突变对BBSV在苋色藜上所导致的枯斑症状及病毒RNA在寄主体内的积累基本没有影响,但CP基因的大部或完全缺失会使体内病毒RNA的积累水平大大降低,其中CP基因完全缺失的突变体转录物接种苋色藜后仅能够产生很轻的枯斑症状.将绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因和葡糖苷酸酶(GUS)基因分别与BBSVCP基因的5′端融合,构建了表达载体pBGFP和pBGUS.摩擦接种苋色藜叶片后可观察到GFP或GUS基因的表达,为探索利用BBSV作为外源蛋白的表达载体奠定了基础.     

麻疫霉诱抗激发蛋白的纯化及其特性

苎麻疫霉（ＰｈｙｔｏｐｈｔｈｏｒａｂｏｅｈｍｅｒｉａｅＳａｗ．）在Ｐｌｉｃｈ’ｓ培养液中产生的蛋白质用硫酸铵沉淀后,经ＤＥＡＥ－ＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＦ．Ｆ．阴离子交换柱层析和ＨＰＬＣ层析,分离纯化出可诱发甜椒和三生烟产生过敏性坏死反应的激发蛋白（ｂｏｅｈｍｅｒｉａｅｉｎ）,经ＨＰＬＣ鉴定达到液相色谱纯,其分子量约为１０．６ｋＤ,ｐＩ为４．３２,氨基酸组成和Ｎ－末端２０个氨基酸序列与已报道的ｅｌｉｃｉｔｉｎ蛋白具有广泛的同源性。诱导抗病性测定表明,ｂｏｅｈｍｅｒｉａｅｉｎ可诱导非寄主三生烟和茄门甜椒产生过敏性坏死反应,并可诱导辣椒对疫病的抗性,其效果为３０～４０％。     

生半夏、南星水提物对人胃癌BGC823 细胞的侵袭力及 HIF-1αmRNA 蛋白表达的影响

目的:观察生半夏、南星中药水提物对缺氧环境中人胃癌细胞株BGC823细胞HIF-1α蛋白表达和侵袭力的影响。方法:运用CoCl(2氯化钴)诱导BCG823细胞缺氧,使得细胞中HIF-1α蛋白表达升高.实验组加入生半夏、南星水提物对细胞进行预处理,然后在进行缺氧诱导。通过甲基噻唑基四唑法(MTT)检测细胞活性,使用Transwell检测细胞侵袭能力变化,RT-PCR、Western blotting分别检测HIF-1α mRNA及蛋白含量及变化。结果:生半夏、南星水提物能抑制人胃癌BGC823细胞的增殖;生半夏、南星水提物均能抑制缺氧诱导胃癌细胞的侵袭力,并且能降低HIF-1α mRNA及蛋白表达。结论:生半夏、南星水提物可抑制人胃癌BGC823细胞的增殖,抑制人胃癌BGC823细胞侵袭力,可能通过降低HIF-1α蛋白表达有关。     

利用不相容质粒共转化大肠杆菌对Cre重组酶体内重组活性的可视检测

源自噬菌体P1的Cre重组酶可以识别 34bp的靶DNA序列loxP ,进行位点特异性的重组反应。为了简便地检测Cre酶在大肠杆菌中的重组活性 ,分别将cre基因和上下游带有loxP的绿色荧光蛋白基因 (gfp)克隆到具有不同抗性的两种不相容质粒中 ,然后将构建的原核表达载体pET30a Cre和pET2 3b loxGFP电击共转化大肠杆菌BL2 1(DE3) ,利用卡那霉素和氨苄青霉素双抗生素抗性进行筛选。通过直接观察转化子的绿色荧光 ,便可以显示Cre酶的体内重组活性 ,并进一步通过SDS PAGE分析、质粒酶切鉴定进行了验证。结果表明 :以gfp为报告基因、通过两种不相容质粒共转化大肠杆菌可以为研究和改进Cre loxP重组系统提供一种简便直观的检测方法     

SKP2 regulates ZEB1 expression and stimulates eutopic endometrial stromal cell invasion and proliferation of adenomyosis

Though endometriosis is benign, however, it shares certain characteristics with cancers, such as the ability to invade and metastasize. Previous studies have demonstrated that S-phase kinase associated protein2 (SKP2) promotes invasion, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. However, its correlation with adenomyosis is unclear. Herein, we aimed to look into SKP2 expression patterns and regulatory effects on endometrial stromal cell (ESC) proliferation and invasion, and its internal mechanism in adenomyosis. Western blot, qRT-PCR, and immunochemistry were carried out for detecting SKP2 and ZEB1 expression in ESC of adenomyosis and adenomyosis endometrial tissue. The primary ESCs were identified using immunofluorescence. SKP2 knockdown was accomplished in vitro by transfecting a particular lentivirus vector. The colony formation and CCK-8 assays were carried out for assessing cell proliferation, while cell invasion potential was assessed using the transwell assay. Both SKP2 and ZEB1 were found to be significantly upregulated in adenomyosis endometrial tissue. Knockdown of SKP2 inhibited adenomyotic ESC invasion and proliferation. Further experiments showed that knocking out SKP2 reduced ZEB1 expression in adenomyotic ESCs. Our results showed that SKP2 could regulate ZEB1 expression, and increased SKP2 may play a role in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis and stimulating ESC proliferation and invasion.     

Overexpression of SKP2 promotes the radiation resistance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

SKP2 is the substrate recognition subunit of the SCF(SKP2) ubiquitin ligase complex. It is implicated in ubiquitin-mediated degradation of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p27(KIP1) and positively regulates the G(1)/S transition. Overexpression of SKP2 has been found in many kinds of tumors. In the present study, we found that SKP2 expression levels increased in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues. Elevated expression of SKP2 correlated significantly with tumor stage and positive lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). Moreover, a significantly negative correlation was found between SKP2 expression and the survival of patients who received radiotherapy (P < 0.05). At the molecular level, induced expression of SKP2 promoted the radioresistance of EC9706 cells. Knockdown of SKP2 expression sensitized cancer cells to radiation, and a wobble mutant of SKP2 that was resistant to SKP2 siRNA was able to rescue this effect. Increased or decreased expression levels of SKP2 had effects on Rad51 expression after irradiation. These results demonstrate for the first time that overexpression of SKP2 was correlated with the increased radioresistance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Elevated expression of SKP2 promoted the radioresistance of cancer cells, and this effect was mediated at least in part by the Rad51 pathway.     

SKP2 oncogene is a direct MYC target gene and MYC down-regulates p27(KIP1) through SKP2 in human leukemia cells

SKP2 is the ubiquitin ligase subunit that targets p27(KIP1) (p27) for degradation. SKP2 is induced in the G(1)-S transit of the cell cycle, is frequently overexpressed in human cancer, and displays transformation activity in experimental models. Here we show that MYC induces SKP2 expression at the mRNA and protein levels in human myeloid leukemia K562 cells with conditional MYC expression. Importantly, in these systems, induction of MYC did not activate cell proliferation, ruling out SKP2 up-regulation as a consequence of cell cycle entry. MYC-dependent SKP2 expression was also detected in other cell types such as lymphoid, fibroblastic, and epithelial cell lines. MYC induced SKP2 mRNA expression in the absence of protein synthesis and activated the SKP2 promoter in luciferase reporter assays. With chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, MYC was detected bound to a region of human SKP2 gene promoter that includes E-boxes. The K562 cell line derives from human chronic myeloid leukemia. In a cohort of chronic myeloid leukemia bone marrow samples, we found a correlation between MYC and SKP2 mRNA levels. Analysis of cancer expression databases also indicated a correlation between MYC and SKP2 expression in lymphoma. Finally, MYC-induced SKP2 expression resulted in a decrease in p27 protein in K562 cells. Moreover, silencing of SKP2 abrogated the MYC-mediated down-regulation of p27. Our data show that SKP2 is a direct MYC target gene and that MYC-mediated SKP2 induction leads to reduced p27 levels. The results suggest the induction of SKP2 oncogene as a new mechanism for MYC-dependent transformation.     

人铜锌超氧化物歧化酶基因的克隆和乳酸乳球菌中的表达

采用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术从人肝总ＲＮＡ中分离扩增了０．４５ｋｂ的人铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（Ｃｕ／ＺｎＳＯＤ）基因的ｃＤＮＡ序列,首先克隆至大肠杆菌表达质粒ｐＥＴ２３ｂ,进行了序列测定和超高表达,将Ｃｕ／Ｚｎ,ＳＯＤｃＤＮＡ亚克隆至乳酸乳球菌表达载体ｐＭＧ３６ｅ,用电穿孔法将重组质粒ｐＭＧ３６ｅｓｏｄ转化到乳酸乳球菌,获得Ｃｕ／Ｚｎ ＳＯＤ的组成型表达,其表达量约占乳酸乳球菌可溶性蛋白的５％以上,活性染色表     

Notch signaling induces SKP2 expression and promotes reduction of p27Kip1 in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines

In T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) NOTCH 1 receptors are frequently mutated. This leads to aberrantly high Notch signaling, but how this translates into deregulated cell cycle control and the transformed cell type is poorly understood. In this report, we analyze downstream responses resulting from the high level of NOTCH 1 signaling in T-ALL. Notch activity, measured immediately downstream of the NOTCH 1 receptor, is high, but expression of the canonical downstream Notch response genes HES 1 and HEY 2 is low both in primary cells from T-ALL patients and in T-ALL cell lines. This suggests that other immediate Notch downstream genes are activated, and we found that Notch signaling controls the levels of expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase SKP2 and its target protein p27Kip1. We show that in T-ALL cell lines, recruitment of NOTCH 1 intracellular domain (ICD) to the SKP2 promoter was accompanied by high SKP2 and low p27Kip1 protein levels. In contrast, pharmacologically blocking Notch signaling reversed this situation and led to loss of NOTCH 1 ICD occupancy of the SKP2 promoter, decreased SKP2 and increased p27Kip1 expression. T-ALL cells show a rapid G1-S cell cycle transition, while blocked Notch signaling resulted in G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, also observed by transfection of p27Kip1 or, to a smaller extent, a dominant negative SKP2 allele. Collectively, our data suggest that the aberrantly high Notch signaling in T-ALL maintains SKP2 at a high level and reduces p27Kip1, leading to more rapid cell cycle progression.     

SKP2, positively regulated by circ_ODC1/miR-422a axis,promotes the proliferation of retinoblastoma

Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common intraocular malignancy in infants and children. S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) has been unmasked as an oncogene in a great many of carcinomas. The biologic function and the detailed molecular mechanism of SKP2 in RB need to be better understood. In this study, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot showed the ectopic expression of SKP2 in RB tissues and cell lines. Loss of function assays showed the attenuated cell proliferation in RB as a result of SKP2 knockdown. In addition, bioinformatics analysis predicted the interaction between SKP2 and miR-422a. Luciferase reporter assay and Pearson's correlation analysis validated the negative correlation between miR-422a and SKP2. MiR-422a overexpression led to a decline of SKP2 expression and cell growth in RB. The binding capacity between miR-422a and circ_ODC1 was also predicted by bioinformatics analysis. Pearson's correlation analysis and luciferase reporter assay confirmed that circ_ODC1 is negatively correlated with miR-422a. Silencing circ_ODC1 resulted in a rise in miR-422a expression and RB cell growth. Moreover, reduced cell growth was restored by SKP2 overexpression. In a word, SKP2, induced by circ_ODC1 and miR-422a, promotes RB proliferation. Our new findings in this research might expedite the discovery of novel prognostic markers and therapeutic targets of RB.     

日本血吸虫SjRAD23基因的克隆表达及基因重组抗原的免疫保护效果

辐射敏感蛋白23具有核苷酸切除修复功能,在泛素蛋白酶体途径中起到重要作用。本研究利用PCR技术克隆了日本血吸虫辐射敏感蛋白23(Sj RAD23)编码的c DNA序列,成功获得Sj RAD23的基因序列,其ORF为1 053 bp。构建Sj RAD23基因重组表达质粒p ET28a(+)-Sj RAD23,并在大肠杆菌BL21中成功诱导表达,重组蛋白在上清和沉淀中都有存在。利用免疫组化技术检测该蛋白在虫体的分布情况,该蛋白广泛分布在日本血吸虫虫体被膜。用重组蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠后,免疫小鼠血清中检测到较高水平的特异性Ig G、Ig G1和Ig G2a。Western blotting分析显示重组蛋白能够被日本血吸虫成虫可溶性抗原免疫小鼠血清所识别。用重组蛋白r Sj RAD23免疫结果与206佐剂对照组比较,r Sj RAD23在BALB/c小鼠中诱导了35.94%减虫率,40.59%肝脏减卵率。结果表明Sj RAD23具有作为疫苗候选分子的潜力。     

纳豆激酶基因的表达及纯化

利用PCR方法从分泌纳豆激酶的枯草杆菌基因组DNA中扩增得到纳豆激酶基因(NK),利用基因重组技术构建了纳豆激酶基因的表达载体pETNK。在诱导下,实现了在大肠杆菌中高效表达,经SDS-PAGE电泳分析和薄层扫描结果显示,表达的目的蛋白占菌体蛋白的21．5％。将表达产物经过DEAE-Cellulos-DE52和Sephedax-G100两个柱分离纯化,得到纯的纳豆激酶蛋白干粉,经琼脂糖-纤维蛋白平板法测出纳豆激酶干粉的溶栓活性相当于200u尿激酶。从基因工程角度研究纳豆激酶基因的克隆、表达及纯化,为用基因工程菌生产纳豆激酶奠定了基础。