分子伴侣GroE系统能量传递机制的研究

用SwissPDBViewer软件对分子伴侣GroE系统与底物的相互作用进行了模拟 ,结果表明 :GroEL顶端结构域在GroES和靶蛋白结合之后发生了明显的变化 ;GroEL的cis环上有与三磷酸腺苷ATP相结合的位点 ,ATP水解之后形成的ADP与活性中心的残基相结合 ,而这种结合除导致残基Thr30的构型发生了变化之外 ,其它残基的空间位置和构型基本保持不变 ,暗示其它残基在能量传递过程中形成了刚性骨架 ,而与ADP分子磷酸键结合的残基Thr30则是能量传递的力点。     

分子伴侣结构与功能的研究进展

分子伴侣是细胞内一类能够协助其他多肽进行正常折叠、组装、转运、降解的蛋白,并在 DNA的复制、转录,细胞骨架功能,细胞内的信号转导等广泛的领域,都发挥着重要的生理作用,其结构与功能异常会导致多种相关的疾病。简要综述了分子伴侣结构与功能方面的研究进展。     

HSP70分子伴侣系统研究进展

综述了HSP70分子伴侣系统的晶体结构、功能及作用机理方面的研究进展.HSP70分子伴侣能够帮助细胞内新生蛋白的折叠和跨膜运输、蛋白质多聚体结构的装配和解装配,并能在胁迫下维持蛋白质的特殊构象,防止未折叠的蛋白质变性和使聚集的蛋白质溶解复性.所有这些活性均依赖于ATP调节的HSP70与底物蛋白中的疏水片段的相互作用.     

GroEL的耗能分子伴侣机制

双环结构Gro EL及其辅分子伴侣Gro ES是目前研究得最深入的分子伴侣.然而,Gro EL/Gro ES帮助蛋白质折叠的一些关键理化机制,尤其是水解ATP,Gro EL发生构象改变,能否主动调节蛋白质错误折叠中间体的构象,以促进错误折叠中间体的复性,仍然存在争议.结合本研究组近年的工作,作者着力介绍Gro EL促进蛋白质折叠的主动解折叠机制.     

大肠杆菌分子伴侣GroF系统及其胁助的Rubisco蛋白装配

分子伴吕协助蛋白质在体内正确组装,对分子伴侣结构和作用机制的研究不仅在生物大分子结构和功能研究中具有重要的理论意义,而且还具有广泛应用价值。大肠杆菌分子伴侣ＧｒｏＥ系统是迄今为止研究得最为透彻的分子伴侣。本文侧重总结了ＧｒｏＥ系统的作用机制及在该系统的帮助下光合细菌核酮糖１,５－二磷酸羧化／加氧酶（Ｒｕｂｉｓｃｏ）的装配情况。     

幽门螺杆菌分子伴侣GroEL相互作用蛋白分析

【目的】获得幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,HP) GroEL结合蛋白质组构成谱,为进一步探究GroEL及其与相互作用蛋白在HP致病机制中的作用提供新思路。【方法】在构建HP GroEL原核表达重组大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) BL21(DE3)⁽pET-28a(+)-groEL)基础上,纯化带有His标签的GroEL蛋白,与HP全菌蛋白提取液共孵育后,利用Protein G磁珠和抗His标签抗体免疫沉淀法对复合物进行捕获,然后对复合物中GroEL及其结合的蛋白质进行质谱法鉴定,根据主要功能对其进行分类,并完成蛋白质相互关系网络分析。【结果】对GroEL蛋白捕获成分进行分析,共鉴定出59种可能与GroEL结合的蛋白质,其中包括19种代谢酶类(KatA、GltA和AhpC等参与氧化还原相关酶类7种,PepA、RocF和HtrA等肽酶5种,以及2种参与脂肪代谢酶、2种参与ATP合成酶、2种尿素酶和HP17＿08079蛋白等)、15种外膜蛋白(黏附素BabA、SabA、HapA及其他膜蛋白等)、8种转录翻译相关蛋白(Tuf、RpoBC...     

大肠杆菌分子伴侣GroE系统及其协助的Rubisco蛋白装配

分子伴侣协助蛋白质在体内正确组装,对分子伴侣结构和作用机制的研究不仅在生物大分子结构和功能研究中具有重要的理论意义,而且还具有广泛的应用价值。大肠杆菌分子伴侣GroE系统是迄今为止研究得最为透彻的分子伴侣。本文侧重总结了GroE系统的作用机制以及在该系统的帮助下光合细菌核酮糖1,5二磷酸羧化/加氧酶(Rubisco蛋白)的装配情况。     

分子内分子伴侣机制的研究进展

在原核生物、真核生物及病毒中,一些蛋白质的折叠不符合Anfinsen原则,即依靠自身的氨基酸序列是不够的,还需一段被称为分子内分子伴侣(IMC)的肽段来协助折叠．根据机制不同,IMC可分为两类：第一类IMC引导成熟肽折叠为具有空间结构的蛋白质;第二类IMC协助成熟肽的多聚化而使其获得生物学功能．IMC能提供比分子伴侣更契合的结构,更有效地引导成熟肽折叠,是一种更优的折叠策略．研究IMC分子机制,不仅能够确定IMC上哪些残基的协同作用引导成熟肽折叠,而且可通过改变或修饰其侧链来改造成熟肽,拓展传统的蛋白质工程．     

内质网分子伴侣Calnexin的研究进展

作为内质网中的一类重要的类凝集素分子伴侣,钙连蛋白Calnexin参与细胞内的许多重要生物学功能.对其发现、分布、结构、功能、作用底物及作用机制等方面的研究进行了综述.     

细菌周质分子伴侣LolA研究进展

细菌脂蛋白是一种脂质修饰的膜蛋白,参与细胞膜合成等多种重要生理过程.脂蛋白形成过程依赖于Lol转运系统,该蛋白最先在细胞质中以前体的形式合成,然后在细胞膜上被加工为成熟脂蛋白,锚定于细菌外膜周质侧.Lol系统由LolA-E五种蛋白组成,其中脂蛋白在周质空间中依赖伴侣蛋白LolA进行转运,LolA将脂蛋白以"mouth ...     

Isolation and characterisation of mutants of GroEL that are fully functional as single rings

A key aspect of the reaction mechanism for the molecular chaperone GroEL is the transmission of an allosteric signal between the two rings of the GroEL complex. Thus, the single-ring mutant SR1 is unable to act as a chaperone as it cannot release bound substrate or GroES. We used a simple selection procedure to identify mutants of SR1 that restored chaperone activity in vivo. A large number of single amino acid changes, mapping at diverse positions throughout the protein, enabled SR1 to regain its ability to act as a chaperone while remaining as a single ring. In vivo assays were used to identify the proteins that had regained maximal activity. In some cases, no difference could be detected between strains expressing wild-type GroEL and those expressing the mutated proteins. Three of the most active proteins where the mutations were in distinct parts of the protein were purified to homogeneity and characterised in vitro. All were capable of acting efficiently as chaperones for two different GroES-dependent substrates. All three proteins bound nucleotide as effectively as did GroEL, but the binding of GroES in the presence of ATP or ADP was reduced significantly relative to the wild-type. These active single rings should provide a useful tool for studying the nature of the allosteric changes that occur in the GroEL reaction cycle.     

Mimicking the action of GroEL in molecular dynamics simulations: application to the refinement of protein structures

Bacterial chaperonin, GroEL, together with its co-chaperonin, GroES, facilitates the folding of a variety of polypeptides. Experiments suggest that GroEL stimulates protein folding by multiple cycles of binding and release. Misfolded proteins first bind to an exposed hydrophobic surface on GroEL. GroES then encapsulates the substrate and triggers its release into the central cavity of the GroEL/ES complex for folding. In this work, we investigate the possibility to facilitate protein folding in molecular dynamics simulations by mimicking the effects of GroEL/ES namely, repeated binding and release, together with spatial confinement. During the binding stage, the (metastable) partially folded proteins are allowed to attach spontaneously to a hydrophobic surface within the simulation box. This destabilizes the structures, which are then transferred into a spatially confined cavity for folding. The approach has been tested by attempting to refine protein structural models generated using the ROSETTA procedure for ab initio structure prediction. Dramatic improvements in regard to the deviation of protein models from the corresponding experimental structures were observed. The results suggest that the primary effects of the GroEL/ES system can be mimicked in a simple coarse-grained manner and be used to facilitate protein folding in molecular dynamics simulations. Furthermore, the results support the assumption that the spatial confinement in GroEL/ES assists the folding of encapsulated proteins.     

Characterisation of mutations in GroES that allow GroEL to function as a single ring

The chaperonin GroEL contains two seven-subunit rings, and allosteric signals between them are required to complete the GroEL reaction cycle. For this reason SR1, a mutant of GroEL that forms only single rings, cannot function as a chaperone. Mutations in SR1 that restore chaperone function weaken its interaction with the cochaperonin GroES. We predicted that GroES mutants with reduced affinity for GroEL would also restore function to SR1. To test this, we mutated residues in GroES in and near its contact site with GroEL. Nearly half of the mutants showed partial function with SR1. Two mutants were confirmed to have reduced affinity for GroEL. Intriguingly, some GroES mutants were able to function with active single ring mutants of GroEL.     

巨大芽孢杆菌分子伴侣GroES和GroEL新基因的克隆及同源性分析

巨大芽孢杆菌作为革兰氏阳性细菌的一种,是良好的重组蛋白的表达宿主.本研究利用PCR技术从巨大芽孢杆菌基因组克隆出一条1.9 Kb的基因片段.核酸序列分析结果表明,该片段全长1 984 bp,包含2个ORF,分别与芽孢杆菌来源的GroES和GroEL基因有高度的相似性.氨基酸序列比对发现,GroES蛋白与枯草芽孢杆菌来源的GroES蛋白氨基酸序列同源性为91%,GroEL蛋白氨基酸序列同源性为90%.     

巨大芽孢杆菌分子伴侣GroES和GroEL新基因的克隆及同源性分析

巨大芽孢杆菌作为革兰氏阳性细菌的一种,是良好的重组蛋白的表达宿主.本研究利用PCR技术从巨大芽孢杆菌基因组克隆出一条1.9Kb的基因片段.核酸序列分析结果表明,该片段全长1984bp,包含2个ORF,分别与芽孢杆菌来源的GroES和GroEL基因有高度的相似性.氨基酸序列比对发现,GroES蛋白与枯草芽孢杆菌来源的GroES蛋白氨基酸序列同源性为91%,GroEL蛋白氨基酸序列同源性为90%.     

昆虫内共生菌及其传病毒相关GroEL蛋白

昆虫传播的植物病毒种类多、危害大,其传病毒的能力与昆虫体内共生菌产生的GroEL蛋白关系密切,该蛋白是分子伴侣hsp60家族的成员,对病毒进入昆虫血体腔免遭破坏起着保护作用,也与昆虫传病毒的专一性有关。本对昆虫内共生菌及其产生的GroEL进行了综述,并分析了研究内共生菌及其产生的蛋白质的科学意义与发展趋势,为植物病毒病的防治研究提供了新的思路。     

A structural model for the GroEL chaperonin

Abstract Individual particle analysis of end views from negatively stained specimensof purified GroEL from Escherichia coli showed the presence of two different particle populations, those with a six-fold symmetry and those with a seven-fold symmetry, when studied at pH 7.7 and 5.0. Image processing of particles from frozen-hydrated specimens revealed at both pH values a homogeneous population of particles with a strong seven-fold symmetry component and an average image with seven asymmetric units. Biochemical analysis of purified GroEL showed unequivocally the presence of a single polypeptide with the N-terminal sequence identical to that of GroEL. These results are compatible with a structural model of GroEL as an asymmetric aggregate built up by two rings of seven-fold and six-fold symmetries, respectively.     

A biochemical screen for GroEL/GroES inhibitors

High-throughput screening of 700,000 small molecules has identified 235 inhibitors of the GroEL/GroES-mediated refolding cycle. Dose–response analysis of a subset of these hits revealed that 21 compounds are potent inhibitors of GroEL/GroES-mediated refolding (IC₅₀ <10 μM). The screening results presented herein represent the first steps in a broader aim of developing molecular probes to study chaperonin biochemistry and physiology.     

GroEL-Mediated Protein Folding: Making the Impossible,Possible

ABSTRACT

Protein folding is a spontaneous process that is essential for life, yet the concentrated and complex interior of a cell is an inherently hostile environment for the efficient folding of many proteins. Some proteins—constrained by sequence, topology, size, and function—simply cannot fold by themselves and are instead prone to misfolding and aggregation. This problem is so deeply entrenched that a specialized family of proteins, known as molecular chaperones, evolved to assist in protein folding. Here we examine one essential class of molecular chaperones, the large, oligomeric, and energy utilizing chaperonins or Hsp60s. The bacterial chaperonin GroEL, along with its co-chaperonin GroES, is probably the best-studied example of this family of protein-folding machine. In this review, we examine some of the general properties of proteins that do not fold well in the absence of GroEL and then consider how folding of these proteins is enhanced by GroEL and GroES. Recent experimental and theoretical studies suggest that chaperonins like GroEL and GroES employ a combination of protein isolation, unfolding, and conformational restriction to drive protein folding under conditions where it is otherwise not possible.