原生质体诱变选育乳糖酶高产菌株*

采用紫外线诱变和⁶⁰Co-γ射线协同诱变的方法,对出发菌株Uco-3的原生质体进行诱变处理,通过正突变率与诱变剂量的相互关系,确定最佳诱变剂量。采用4min的紫外线照射和剂量为500Gy的γ射线对黑曲霉Uco-3的原生质体进行诱变,获得一株产高温乳糖酶的高产突变株,突变株产乳糖酶能力显著提高,产酶活力达44.37U/mL,是出发菌株Uco-3的2.73倍。     

原生质体诱变选育乳糖酶高产菌株

采用紫外线诱变和^60Co-γ射线协同诱变的方法,对出发菌株Uco-3的原生质体进行诱变处理,通过正突变率与诱变剂量的相互关系,确定最佳诱变剂量。采用4min的紫外线照射和剂量为500Gy的γ射线对黑曲霉Uco-3的原生质体进行诱变,软得一株产高温乳糖酶的高产突变株,突变株产乳糖酶能力显著提高,产酶活力达44．37U／mL,是出发菌株Uco-3的2．73倍。     

亚硝酸与紫外线复合诱变原生质体选育产酶菌株

目的：筛选出一株稳定、高产的产中性蛋白酶菌株。方法：以突变株UV_(11)(原生质体紫外诱变得到)为出发菌株,在原生质体形成与再生最佳条件下制备原生质体并进行亚硝酸与紫外线复合诱变。结果：得到突变株Bacillus subtilis UN_(19),产酶活力从最初的378．97U/ml提高到3965．84U/ml。结论：亚硝酸与紫外线复合诱变原生质体是一种很好的诱变方式。     

磷脂酶D高产菌株的原生质体紫外诱变选育

为了获得磷脂酶D高产菌株,由链霉菌野生菌株LD0501出发研究原生质体的制备和再生条件,建立原生质体紫外诱变筛选方案。采用酶解法制备原生质体,用紫外线对原生质体诱变,TLC检测突变株产磷脂酶D活力。原生质体的适宜条件:种子培养基中甘氨酸质量浓度5 g/L,菌龄72 h,用3 mg/m L的溶菌酶在30℃下酶解75min。通过原生质体诱变筛选,得到1株高产菌株,磷脂酶D水解活力达4.29 U/m L,提高幅度为180.4%。该方法有效改善了链霉菌野生菌株原生质体的制备效果,紫外诱变筛选显著提高了磷脂酶D的活力,高产突变株具有较好的稳定性。     

^60Coγ射线对不同细胞形态出芽短梗霉的辐射诱变效应

使用＾６０Ｃｏγ射线辐照诱变的方法处理出芽短梗霉ＡｕｒｅｏｂａｓｉｄｉｕｍｐｕｌｌｕｌａｎｓＡＰ９２菌株的原生质体,菌丝体片段,分生孢子悬液,经初筛,复筛与对突变株的遗传稳定性研究,发现采用原生质体进行诱变,所获突变株的正突变率,单株产多糖的提高幅度,正突变株的产多糖遗传稳定性均明显高于菌丝体与分生孢子,比较出发菌株ＡＰ９２与经原生质体诱变获得的正突变株Ａ８１的性能,有如下明显改善,产多糖能力从１     

60Co γ射线对不同细胞形态出芽短梗霉的辐射诱变效应

使用⁶⁰Co γ射线辐照诱变的方法处理出芽短梗霉Aureobasidium pullulans AP92菌株的原生质体、茵丝体片段、分生孢子悬液,经初筛、复筛与对突变株的遗传稳定性研究,发现采用原生质体进行诱变,所获突变株的正突变率、单株产多糖的提高幅度、正突变株的产多糖遗传稳定性均明显高于菌丝体与分生孢子。比较出发菌株AP92与经原生质体诱变获得的正突变株A8l的性能,有如下明显改善：产多糖能力从16-35g/L提高到29.69g／L'糖转化率从 32.7％升到61.4％,残糖从13.26g/L降到3.06g/L,而发酵周期则可缩短约24小时。结果证明,对原生质体进行⁶⁰Co γ射线诱变,是优化出芽短梗霉菌种的有效途径。     

紫外诱变原生质体选育赖氨酸高产菌株

以钝齿棒杆菌102S₂-58为出发菌株,在原生质体形成及再生的最佳条件下制备原生质体,并对原生质体进行紫外诱变处理,对大量的再生突变株进行发酵筛选．获得了高产稳定株102－100号,其发酵液经氨基酸自动分析仪测定L－赖氨酸积累量由出发菌株的5O．Omg／ml提高到80．8mg／ml,糖转化率达到63．88％．发酵液中主要副产酸——纈氨酸和蛋氨酸的量明显降低。     

~(60)Coγ射线对不同细胞形态出芽短梗霉的辐射诱变效应

使用~(60)Coγ射线辐照诱变的方法处理出芽短梗霉AureobasidiumPullulansAP92菌株的原生质体、菌丝体片段、分生孢子悬液,经初筛、复筛与对突变株的遗传稳定性研究,发现采用原生质体进行诱变,所获突变株的正突变率、单株产多糖的提高幅度、正突变株的产多糖遗传稳定性均明显高于菌丝体与分生孢子。比较出发菌株AP92与经原生质体诱变获得的正突变株A81的性能,有如下明显改善：产多糖能力从16．35g／L提高到29．69g／L,糖转化率从32．7％升到61．4％,残糖从13．269／L降到3．06g／L,而发酵周期则可缩短约24小时。结果证明,对原生质体进行~(60)Coγ射线诱变,是优化出芽短梗霉菌种的有效途径。     

α-麦角隐亭产生菌的原生质体诱变育种

为了提高在一般培养条件下不易产生分生孢子的黑麦麦角菌(Claviceps purpurea)的产碱率,对原生质体诱变的可行性进行了探讨。实验表明,对α-麦角隐亭(α-Ergokryptine)产生菌的原生质体采用紫外线(UV)照射9分钟,γ-射线(~(60)Co)10万伦琴/20分钟辐射,亚硝基胍(NTG)6mg/ml 60分钟进行诱变处理,均可获得较稳定的高产突变株。经过上述三种方法的交替诱变处理,α-麦角隐亭的产率由原始菌株的40mg/L,提高到524mg/L,增加了12倍,说明用原生质体进行诱变处理,配合田间复壮,对提高C.purpurea α-麦角隐亭的产率是可行的。     

绿色木霉原生质体诱变筛选纤维素酶高产菌株

以绿色木霉F264为出发菌株制备其原生质体,对其进行紫外线诱变处理,筛选出一株纤维素酶高产突变株绿色木霉F-UV264,其滤纸酶活由出发菌株的5.2IU/g干料提高到15.78IU/g干料,产酶能力提高了3倍。经过10代PDA斜面继代培养及发酵试验,表明该菌株是比原菌株更优秀的稳定高产株。     

Polysaccharide production by a reduced pigmentation mutant of the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans

Abstract A reduced pigmentation mutant was isolated from Aureobasidium pullulans ATCC 42023 by chemical mutagenesis and was subsequently characterized. The pigment melanin was present not only in A. pullulans cells but also contaminated the elaborated polysaccharide and thus, was measured in both fractions. Cellular and polysaccharide melanin levels of the mutant strain were at least 11-fold and 18-fold reduced, respectivelu, compared toits parent strain after 7 days of growth at 30°C whether sucrose or glucose served as the carbon source in the culture medium. Polysaccharide and cell dry weight levels of the mutant were very similar to those observed for the parent after growth on sucrose or glucose as the source of carbon over a period of 7 days at 30°C. The pullulan content of the polysaccharide produced by the parent or mutant strain was lower for sucrose-grown cells than for glucose-grown cells. It was also noted that the pullulan content of the polysaccharide elaborated by the mutant strain was slightly higher than that of the polysaccharide produced by the parent strain after growth on either sucrose or glucose.     

原生质体紫外诱变选育姬松茸新菌株

对姬松茸原生质体进行紫外诱变处理,选育出在液体培养条件下生物量明显高于原始菌株的诱变株。经10代传代培养及摇瓶培养,表明该菌株稳定性良好,与出发菌株相比生物量提高5.5%,胞外多糖产量提高6.1%。     

利用原生质体紫外诱变技术选育耐高温香菇菌株

【目的】运用原生质体紫外诱变技术选育香菇耐高温新菌株。【方法】以香菇菌株18为出发菌株,紫外诱变处理其原生质体,通过47°C热激3 h后菌丝恢复生长的情况来筛选获得耐高温诱变株,测定18及其所有诱变株在木屑培养基中的恒温长速、高温长速以及恢复长速,并进行高温出菇试验。【结果】筛选得到57株耐高温诱变株,其中诱变株N6、N44和N24的综合性状较好。恒温长速、高温长速以及恢复长速与出菇性状具有相关性,恢复长速与出菇产量、单菇性状、耐高温能力呈正相关,可初步作为预测耐高温菌株综合性状的指标。【结论】利用原生质体紫外诱变技术,可初步选育出耐高温香菇新菌株。     

The possibilities of changing the production of exocellular polysaccharides of a mutantMycobacterium strain

By second-step mutagenesis and treatment with N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine a mutant strain ofMycobacterium sp. V-649 producing a glucan extracellular polymer and another new streptomycin-resistant mutant were prepared. This mutant strain formed more than 100% first-rate (1.0–1.2%) exocellular polysaccharide. Treatment with 1% dimethyl sulfoxide during submerged cultivation of the mutant strain did not increase the production of the extracellular polysaccharide.     

灰树花菌株的复壮及常压室温等离子体诱变

【背景】实验室所用灰树花菌株系长期继代培养,易出现菌株退化。【目的】通过菌株复壮的方法实现菌株的生物学活性及性状的恢复,并借助高效诱变仪对菌株实施诱变,以期得到活性更高、遗传稳定的诱变株。【方法】分别以PDA加富培养基和PDA-板栗壳培养基为培养基质,采用尖端菌丝分离法进行菌株复壮,得到回复菌株原有的生物学活性及性状的复壮株P-2,为了进一步提高菌株的高产性能,利用常压室温等离子体(atmosphericroomtemperatureplasma,ARTP)诱变技术作用于复壮株P-2菌丝体,最终筛选到一株性能优良、遗传稳定性高的诱变株b-35。【结果】复壮后的菌株P-2菌丝干重和多糖含量分别达到1.18%和19.01%,较出发株分别提高35.17%和35.11%,通过发酵罐验证菌株的发酵周期由48h缩短至32h,菌株发酵活性及效率明显提高。诱变株b-35菌丝干重和多糖含量分别达到1.56%和25.07%,较复壮株P-2分别提高了40.15%和39.33%。【结论】ARTP诱变方法易操作、无污染且诱变效率高,是获得灰树花高产菌株的重要方式。     

香菇空间诱变突变体的分子生物学鉴定研究

香菇Cr04菌株经空间诱变后从中筛选出了农艺性状明显改善的突变菌株Cr04DZ。本研究用RAPD和AFLP技术对Cr04DZ与其地面对照菌株Cr04进行了DNA指纹分析,找出了它们之间的DNA多态性,从而从分子水平上证实了香菇经空间诱变后遗传物质发生了变化。此外,还比较了AFLP与RAPD检测香菇DNA多态性的效率,优化了对食用菌进行RAPD与AFLP分析的反应条件。通过对Cr04DZ及其对照株Cr04的RAPD及AFLP分析,筛选出了突变体的3个RAPD及29个AFLP多态性产物,已完成了3个AFLP产物的克隆。     

香菇空间诱变突变体的分子生物学鉴定研究*

香菇Cr04菌株经空间诱变后从中筛选出了农艺性状明显改善的突变菌株Cr04DZ。本研究用RAPD和AFLP技术对Cr04DZ与其地面对照菌株Cr04进行了DNA指纹分析,找出了它们之间的DNA多态性,从而从分子水平上证实了香菇经空间诱变后遗传物质发生了变化。此外,还比较了AFLP与RAPD检测香菇DNA多态性的效率,优化了对食用菌进行RAPD与AFLP分析的反应条件。通过对Cr04DZ及其对照株Cr04的RAPD及AFLP分析,筛选出了突变体的3个RAPD及29个AFLP多态性产物,已完成了3个AFLP产物的克隆。     

Cloning of the egl gene of Pseudomonas solanacearum and analysis of its role in phytopathogenicity.

The egl gene of Pseudomonas solanacearum was cloned on a cosmid and expressed in Escherichia coli. Restriction endonuclease mapping, transposon mutagenesis, and subclone analysis showed that the egl gene was located on a 2.7-kilobase XhoI-SalI P. solanacearum DNA fragment. Immunoabsorption experiments and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis showed that the egl gene encodes the 43-kilodalton endoglucanase that is the major excreted endoglucanase of P. solanacearum. In E. coli, the egl gene appeared to be expressed from its own promoter, but its product was restricted to the cytoplasm. The cloned egl gene was mutagenized with Tn5 and used to specifically mutate the chromosomal egl gene of P. solanacearum by site-directed mutagenesis. The resultant mutant was identical to the wild-type strain in production of extracellular polysaccharide and extracellular polygalacturonase as well as several other excreted proteins but produced at least 200-fold less endoglucanase. This mutant strain was significantly less virulent on tomato than the wild-type strain in plant bioassay experiments. Virulence of the endoglucanase-deficient strain was restored to near wild-type levels by complementation in trans with the cloned egl gene, indicating that the egl gene is important but not absolutely required for pathogenesis.     

香菇原生质体分离诱变育种研究

通过ＵＶ处理香菇原生质体后得到的１０５株再生菌株与它们亲本菌株的菌丝生长速度,产量和出菇期进行了比较。约有３０％的再生菌株获得了较高的产量和较早出菇期的优良特性、多次继代培养证明,这些再生菌株获得的优良特性稳定。研究结果表明,香菇原生质体分离诱变是一种很有应用价值的食用菌菌种选育方法。     

Further Studies of the Polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae Possessing Strong Adjuvanticity: I. Production of the Adjuvant Polysaccharide by Noncapsulated Mutant

In culture fluid, Klebsiella pneumoniae type 1 Kasuya strain produces polysaccharide exhibiting a strong adjuvant effect. The active substance responsible for the strong adjuvant effect of the polysaccharide is not its acidic polysaccharide fraction (the type-specific capsular antigen) but the neutral polysaccharide fraction. In the present study, a mutant which did not produce the type-specific capsular polysaccharide was isolated from ultraviolet-irradiated cells of K. pneumoniae type 1 Kasuya strain which had been labeled with leucine-requiring marker by selecting unagglutinable cells with the antiserum to the type-specific capsular polysaccharide. Serological tests showed that the type-specific acidic capsular polysaccharide was present neither on the cells surface nor in the culture fluid of the mutant. Electron microscopically, the mutant did not possess any capsular material. On the other hand, nearly an equal amount of neutral polysaccharide antigen was produced in culture fluids of the noncapsulated mutant and the parent strain. The neutral polysaccharide antigen produced by the noncapsulated mutant exhibited the same degree of strong adjuvant effect on antibody response to bovine gammaglobulin in mice as that produced by the parent strain. The relationship between the neutral polysaccharide antigen in culture fluid and the O antigen of K. pneumoniae was discussed.