激光诱变青霉PT95原生质体选育类胡萝卜素高产菌株

采用激光对青霉PT95菌株的原生质体进行了诱变处理,选育到一株菌核生物量和类胡萝卜素含量均有显提高的突变菌株L05。与出发菌株相比,L05菌株的菌核生物量提高了98.6%,菌核中的类胡萝卜素含量提高了28.3%,在查氏平板上的类胡萝卜素产率提高了154.0%。所选育的L05菌株经3次传代培养,菌落没有发生扇形变异,菌核生物量和类胡萝卜素含量没有明显改变,说明该菌株具有良好的遗传稳定性。     

利用原生质体紫外诱变技术选育耐高温香菇菌株

【目的】运用原生质体紫外诱变技术选育香菇耐高温新菌株。【方法】以香菇菌株18为出发菌株,紫外诱变处理其原生质体,通过47°C热激3 h后菌丝恢复生长的情况来筛选获得耐高温诱变株,测定18及其所有诱变株在木屑培养基中的恒温长速、高温长速以及恢复长速,并进行高温出菇试验。【结果】筛选得到57株耐高温诱变株,其中诱变株N6、N44和N24的综合性状较好。恒温长速、高温长速以及恢复长速与出菇性状具有相关性,恢复长速与出菇产量、单菇性状、耐高温能力呈正相关,可初步作为预测耐高温菌株综合性状的指标。【结论】利用原生质体紫外诱变技术,可初步选育出耐高温香菇新菌株。     

紫外诱变原生质体选育D-核糖生产菌株

以D-核糖产生菌枯草芽孢杆(Bacillus subtilis)B941为出发菌株,采用紫外诱变原生质体的方法,获得了4株可以在含有6．0％D-核糖的培养基上生长的D-核糖高产菌株,其摇瓶发酵产糖达55．0g／L左右。通过摇瓶发酵试验,研究了D-核糖高产菌株Buvp-24的遗传稳定性。研究结果表明,经多次传代,菌株Buvp-24的发酵产糖能力及对发酵产物D-核糖的耐受性没有改变,有望应用于工业生产中。     

维生素B2产生菌原生质体诱变选育

Studies on preparation, regeneration and ultraviolet-mutagenesis of protoplasts of vitamin B2 producer Eremothecium aohbyii were reported. By using a complex enzyme system (0.5% snial digestase + 0.5% cellulase), a great number of protoplasts were obtained. Ultraviolet-mutagenesising positive mutation ratio is 14.29%. The HPLC analysis indicated that a lot of mutants were screened by using ultraviolet-mutagenesis mutation of protoplasts, Vitamin B2 produced by the mutant E3 increased 116.4%.     

香菇原生质体分离诱变育种研究

通过ＵＶ处理香菇原生质体后得到的１０５株再生菌株与它们亲本菌株的菌丝生长速度,产量和出菇期进行了比较。约有３０％的再生菌株获得了较高的产量和较早出菇期的优良特性、多次继代培养证明,这些再生菌株获得的优良特性稳定。研究结果表明,香菇原生质体分离诱变是一种很有应用价值的食用菌菌种选育方法。     

原生质体诱变选育高产异抗坏血酸菌株

以灰黄青霉菌(Penicillium griseofulvum HL)为出发菌株,试验得到灰黄青霉原生质体制备的优化条件为:菌体培养48h,用0.7mol/L的NaC1溶液作为渗透压稳定剂,用0.5％的蜗牛酶+0.5％的纤维素酶,在pH为6,30℃条件下酶解3h,所得原生质体数最多,达到3.14×107/ml.原生质体再生的最佳条件为采用双层平板培养法,在用0.7mol/L的蔗糖溶液配制的改进察氏培养基上其再生率最高,达到24.93％.灰黄青霉原生质体经过紫外线诱变,DES诱变,紫外线-DES诱变复合诱变,紫外线-氯化锂复合诱变选育异抗坏血酸高产菌株,通过对再生平板上长出的诱变菌株进行初筛和摇瓶复筛,最终获得一株异抗坏血酸产量较高的菌株ZD4,其产量为5.28mg/ml,提高到出发菌株产量(1.08 mg/ml)的488.9％,且连续传代6代遗传稳定.     

蛹虫草原生质体紫外诱变选育胞外多糖高产菌株

蛹虫草是重要的药食兼用两用真菌,具有较高的医用及经济价值。本文通过单因素和正交试验的方法研究了不同酶系统、酶解温度、酶解时间、渗透压稳定剂、菌龄对蛹虫草原生质体形成的影响,并对蛹虫草原生质体进行紫外诱变,以生物量和胞外多糖产量为指标选育胞外多糖高产菌株。结果表明：在30℃、1％溶壁酶＋0．5％蜗牛酶＋0．5％纤维素酶条件下,以甘露醇为渗透压稳定剂对4日龄蛹虫草菌丝酶解2h,原生质体产量可达到9．2×10^6个/mL。从150株诱变株中筛选出1株最佳正诱变株,编号为44#,经深层培养其生物量比出发菌株提高10％,胞外多糖产量提高84．3％,继代培养10代后,遗传稳定性良好。     

面包酵母原生质体的制备、再生及紫外线诱变的初步研究

对面包酵母原生质体制备、再生的适宜条件进行了研究,并对原生质体进行了扫描电镜紫外线诱变。结果表明：对数生长早期的细胞的形成原生质体用１％蜗牛酶＋０．１％β－疏基乙醇酶解６０ｍｉｎ、９０ｍｉｎ,原生质体的形成率地生率分别为４．３１％和０．４％,用０．６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ甘露醇作渗稳地,原生质体的于生效果最佳,０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ蔗糖次之。电镜观察表明酵母菌的细胞壁是逐步被降解的。通过紫外线诱变原生质体获得了１株     

原生质体紫外诱变选育竹红菌甲素高产菌株

采用原生质体紫外诱变技术选育竹红菌甲素高产菌株。结果表明:以竹黄菌Shiraia sp.S8为出发菌株,当使用混合酶系(5 mg/mL纤维素酶和10 mg/mL蜗牛酶)在30℃处理菌丝2 h,获得菌丝原生质体3.24×106个/mL。以竹黄菌原生质体在距离15 W紫外灯30 cm处照射诱导,获得诱变菌株C6。其竹红菌甲素产量达到28.1 mg/L,比原始出发菌株提高了53.7%,且遗传稳定,具有较高的医药与工业应用价值。     

碱性普鲁兰酶产生菌的原生质体制备与诱变选育

研究报道了Bacillus sp SX—12原生质体制备与再生最佳条件。实验表明,在液体完全培养基中加入2％的甘氨酸培养10h,原生质体制备最佳条件为：溶菌酶浓度0．5mg／mL,酶解温度37℃,酶解时间1．5h时原生质体形成率为93．8％。原生质体形成最佳高渗稳定剂为甘露醇,再生率26．4％。在原生质体制备的最佳条件下,用紫外线诱变技术选育产碱性普鲁兰酶的高产菌株。筛选到1株高产菌株SX—12C87,酶活由出发菌株的2．42μ／mL提高到6．87μ／mL,提高了约1．8倍。     

紫杉醇产生菌Nodulisporium sylviforme原生质体诱变研究

对酶系组成、pH、酶解温度和酶解时间等影响树状多节孢原生质体制备和再生的因素和原生质体诱变进行了研究。结果表明 ,原生质体制备和再生的最佳条件为 :用pH5.5～ 6.0的0.7mol/LNaCl配制由 3%溶壁酶 + 3%蜗牛酶 + 1 %的溶菌酶 + 3%纤维素酶组成的复合酶系 ( 1ml酶液/2 5 0mg湿菌体 ) ,在 30℃恒温水浴条件下酶解 6h ;然后 ,将获得的原生质体过滤洗涤后 ,在含0.7mol/ LNaCl的PDA再生培养基上 ,采用双层平板培养法再生制备到的原生质体。树状多节孢紫杉醇产生菌原生质体诱变的最佳条件为 :30w紫外灯、距离 30cm、照射 5 0s;UV + 0.6%LiCl复合诱变、照射时间 40s,诱变菌株经初筛和复筛 ,选出了两株高产紫杉醇的原生质体诱变菌株———UV_40-19和UL_50-6,其产量从出发菌株紫杉醇的产量 ( 314.07μg /L)分别提高至 376.38μg/L和392.63μg/L。     

氦氖激光、紫外复合诱变天麻素产生菌华根霉LN-A的原生质体

本文通过研究酶组合、酶浓度、酶作用时间和菌龄等因素对天麻素产生菌华根霉(Rhizopus chinensis) LN-A原生质体制备和再生的影响, 总结出了原生质体制备和再生的最佳条件: 选用对数生长期的菌株, 以蜗牛酶5 mg/mL + 纤维素酶5 mg/mL + 溶菌酶2 mg/mL 30°C保温处理2 h, 原生质体形成率达5.8×107, 原生质体再生率为5.7%。在此基础上首次利用He-Ne激光、紫外线复合诱变天麻素合成菌的原生质体, 当选用15 mW的He-Ne激光辐射原生质体20 min, 再用紫外辐照150 s时获得了转化率及天麻素得率都明显提高的突变株, 其天麻素得率比出发菌株提高20%以上。     

利用原生质体诱变育种选育富硒能力强的酵母菌株

利用原生质体诱变育种技术选育富硒能力强的酵母菌株,从13株啤酒酵母中筛选出一株富硒量高的诱变出发菌株,采用溶壁酶进行破壁,确定了原生质体制备的最适条件为酶浓度1g／100mL,酶解处理时间为120min,原生质体形成率为95．2％,再生率为21．8％,诱变后筛选出富硒量为821mg／kg,酵母干菌体收获量为0．88g／100mL的酵母菌Al。     

秦岭链霉菌的原生质体再生与诱变育种

在秦岭链霉菌(Streptomyces qinlingensis sp.nov.)的菌种改良中,应用原生质体再生并结合物理化学诱变能够得到产量较高、稳定性较好的菌株.筛选实验表明:秦岭链霉菌原生质体再生菌株R-72、诱变菌株NTG-1和H30-7对枯草芽孢杆菌的抗菌活性均提高了20%以上,并且连续培养10代,其遗传性状均比较稳定.进一步的生测实验表明菌株R-72,NTG-1和H30-7对5种病原细菌和5种植物病原真菌的抗菌活性相比原始菌株有显著提高.     

秦岭链霉菌的原生质体再生与诱变育种

在秦岭链霉菌(Streptomyces qinlingensis sp. nov.)的菌种改良中, 应用原生质体再生并结合物理化学诱变能够得到产量较高、稳定性较好的菌株。筛选实验表明：秦岭链霉菌原生质体再生菌株R-72、诱变菌株NTG-1和H30-7对枯草芽孢杆菌的抗菌活性均提高了20%以上, 并且连续培养10代, 其遗传性状均比较稳定。进一步的生测实验表明菌株R-72、NTG-1和H30-7对5种病原细菌和5种植物病原真菌的抗菌活性相比原始菌株有显著提高。     

原生质体诱变选育无孢平菇

用紫外线照射紫孢侧耳(Pleurotus sapidus)双核菌丝原生质体,再生后筛选生长势好的菌株, 通过出菇试验得到了生产性状与紫孢侧耳一致的无孢和少孢平菇新品种。Abstract: This paper reported isolation and regeneration of the dikaryocyte protoplasts from Pleurotus sapidus, and the protoplasts were treated by U.V-irradiation for selection spore less mutants.     

黑曲霉原生质体诱变选育果胶酶高产菌株

通过UV和NTG诱变筛选获得了2株高产果胶酶突变株。以果胶酶产生菌黑曲霉EIM6为诱变材料,采用1．5％的溶壁酶和1．5％的纤维素酶处理其对教生长期菌丝体2h获得高质量的原生质体。采用UV25S或50μg／mL NTG诱变30min,构建原生质体突变库,经刚果红果胶平板筛选获得果胶酶突变株,通过液体深层培养复筛获得高产突变株EIM6-U11、EIM6-N5,酶活力分别从46598．08、46598．08U／mL提高至68596．57、68879．56U／mL,分别提高了47．21％、47．82％。连续8次传代经发酵测酶活力表明高产突变株EIM6-U11、EIM6-N5具有较高的遗传稳定性。     

茁芽短梗霉原生质体激光诱变及高产菌株筛选

目的：通过普鲁兰(pullulan)产生菌-茁芽短梗霉(Aureobasidium Pullulans)原生质体的激光诱变,以得到普鲁兰高产菌株。方法：利用正交实验研究了茁芽短梗霉原生质体的制备与再生并确定了其最佳条件为：菌体以1％的甘氨酸预处理;在0．1mol／L pH 6．0柠檬酸一柠檬酸钠缓冲液,含0．7mol／L NaCl的高渗稳定液中;经蜗牛酶0．2％、纤维素酶0．1％、溶菌酶0．2％的混合酶酶解15min。采用He-Ne激光诱变茁芽短梗霉原生质体筛选得到普鲁兰高产菌株J208,其蔗糖转化率达到53．3％,是原始菌株的10．6倍。结论：用激光诱变茁芽短梗霉原生质体是获得普鲁兰高产菌株的新途径。     

the influence of lentinus edodes (shiitake mushroom) preparations on bacteriological and morphological aspects of the small intestine in piglets

Among substances intended to replace growth promoting antibiotics in pig nutrition, non-digestible oligosaccharides or polysaccharides could be potential alternative compounds. Therefore, the influence of β-1,3-1,6 glucans on bacteriological, biochemical and morphological aspects of the small intestine in weaned piglets was investigated. As sources of β-glucans, Lentinan (extract of Lentinus edodes mycelium) or dried L. edodes mycelium were added to the diet. Four homogenous groups of 5 newly weaned piglets (4 weeks of age) received one of four diets: control diet (C), C supplemented with Avilamycin (50?mg/kg, positive control), C supplemented with 0.1% of Lentinan and C supplemented with 5% of dried L. edodes mycelium powder. A first group of 10 piglets was euthanized after 11 days and the remaining 10 on day 12 of the experiment. The gastrointestinal tract was divided in segments and samples taken from digesta (stomach, proximal and distal jejunum, caecum), mucosal scrapings (jejunum) and ring shaped tissue samples (1?cm) of proximal and distal jejunum. Bacterial counts were made with digesta and mucosal samples, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), lactic acid and ammonia concentrations were determined. Tissue samples of both jejunal sites were embedded in paraffin wax for morphometrical (villus length, crypt depth) and histological observations (numbers of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL), goblet cells, apoptotic enterocytes on villi, mitotic cells in crypts). Only the diet containing 5% of dried L. edodes consistently resulted in lower viable counts (ca. 1?–?2 log₁₀ CFU) of total bacteria, E. coli, streptococci and lactic acid bacteria, and luminal and mucosal effects agreed very well. With this diet, acetate and butyrate concentrations in the distal jejunum were doubled, which is favourable in view of the trophic effect on enterocytes and colonocytes. Villus length (V) was increased with both diets containing β-glucans while crypt depth (C) was not altered, but V/C was higher. IEL counts were decreased by both diets although bacterial numbers, which is only one parameter of bacterial load, were only diminished with the L. edodes feed. The three supplemented feeds lowered the number of apoptotic enterocytes on the villi, but these numbers were very low (control diet?:?44 cells per 100 villi), making clear interpretation difficult. The mitotic index was slightly lower with the L. edodes feed, although not statistically significant. Decreased viable counts observed with the latter diet is a favourable effect as it is accepted that a lower bacterial load causes lower turnover rates of the intestinal epithelial cells, while there is also less competition for specific substrates. A higher V/C ratio, a smaller number of IEL in the epithelium and a lower apoptotic index also indicate slower turnover rate of the mucosa when Lentinan and L. edodes diets were fed. The inconsistent effects observed with Lentinan were probably due to the low amount added to the diet. It should be taken into account that the influence of L. edodes mycelium powder was more likely due to the presence of antibacterial compounds (eg. lenthionine, lentinamycin, terpenoids, polyphenols), rather than to an immunostimulating action of β-glucans with increased release of IgA onto the mucosa surface.