白藜芦醇甙对血小板聚集功能及内钙水平的影响

为了研究白藜芦醇甙(polydatin,PD)的抗血小板聚集作用及对细胞内钙水平的影响,并探讨其抗血栓形成作用的机制,应用Bom比浊法和Grynkiewicz方法分别测定PD对兔血小板聚集功能和血小板内钙水平的影响。PD在体外显著抑制花生四烯酸(arachidonic acid,AA)和腺苷二磷酸(adenosine diplrasphate,ADP)诱导的富血小板血浆中的血小板聚集,其半数抑制浓度(medium inhibitory concentration,IC50)分别为5．13及10．0μmol／L;5、10和20mg／kg的PD静注均明显降低兔血小板聚集率,且呈明显的剂量一效应关系;PD明显减少兔洗涤血小板内钙释放及外钙内流,本实验说明PD体内、外均有明显的抗血小板聚集作用,其机制与其降低血小板内钙浓度密切相关。     

尖吻蝮蛇毒活性肽K组分对血小板聚集和超微结构的影响

目的应用电镜研究尖吻蝮蛇毒活性肽(K组分)对血小板聚集和超微结构的影响,以探讨其抗血小板聚集的机制。方法取2周内未服任何药物健康志愿者静脉血,观察K组分对二磷酸腺苷(ADP)和胶原(collagen)诱导的血小板聚集作用的影响。将已调好的PRP分为5组,A组为空白对照组,B、D组为加入等体积的生理盐水组,C、E组为加K组分组。B、C组分别加血小板聚集诱导剂ADP,D、E组分别加血小板聚集诱导剂胶原,各组分别制成超薄切片样品进行电镜观察、摄片,测出其聚集抑制率。结果K组分能抑制由ADP和胶原诱导的血小板聚集,剂量与抑制率成量效关系,IC50经直线回归分别为0.067和0.088μmol/L。ADP和胶原组血小板形态不规则,突起明显增多。K组分组血小板形态基本规则,膜表面清晰光滑,颗粒较ADP与胶原组明显增加,胞浆空泡化现象减轻。结论K组分明显抑制ADP和胶原诱导的血小板聚集反应及其超微结构的改变。     

长角血蜱唾液腺中胶原特异性血小板聚集抑制因子的纯化及机制的研究

从长角血蜱唾液腺匀浆纯化出一种新的胶原特异性血小板聚集抑制因子 ,命名为“longicornin” ,它能特异性地抑制胶原诱导的血小板聚集反应 ,而对其他激动剂如ADP、花生四烯酸、凝血酶、瑞斯托霉素、A2 31 87、U46 6 1 9、乙酸豆寇佛波醇所诱导的纯化的血小板聚集均无抑制作用 .longicornin还能抑制血小板激活过程 ,包括血小板颗粒的释放和细胞间质游离Ca ²⁺浓度的升高 ,对胶原与血小板的粘附无抑制作用 .longicornin可能与胶原在血小板上有同一受体 ,并且与血小板受体的结合是可逆的 .     

山莨菪碱抑制内毒素诱导血小板聚集作用

大肠杆菌内毒素诱导兔体内、外血小板聚集,使血小板内cAMP水平降低。山莨菪碱能抑制内毒素诱导的血小板聚集,并提高血小板内cAMP的水平。山莨菪碱提高血小板内cAMP 的作用可为β-受体阻断剂心得舒阻断。     

常见诱导剂活化血小板机制的研究进展

目前,临床上许多心血管疾病的起因与血小板的活化有关。血小板在凝血酶、胶原、活性氧等激动剂作用下,产生一系列复杂的信号转导,进而引起血小板形变、颗粒内容物的释放以及聚集等生理反应。血小板在损伤部位的聚集是正常的生理活动,但过度聚集会形成血栓,从而引发相关疾病。本文试图通过对近年来常见诱导剂活化血小板的机制进行详尽阐述,为预防血栓形成及其相关疾病提供新思路。     

血小板反应性增高患者相关指标的检测与分析

目的:探讨反应性血小板增高患者凝血指标及血小板聚集功能指标变化规律。方法:143例血小板反应性增高患者和65例对照者同时检测血小板聚集功能、抗凝血酶活性(AT-Ⅲ)、凝血酶原时间(PT)和活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT),并统计分析。结果:血小板反应性增高常见于肿瘤、肺炎、外伤患者;血小板反应性增高组患者AT-Ⅲ、PT和APTT与对照组无差异,但患者血小板聚集功能显著高于对照组。结论:血小板反应性增高患者血小板聚集功能增强,建议定期监测血小板聚集功能,必要时用抗血小板聚集药预防。     

尖吻蝮蛇毒内一种新的抗血小板凝集蛋白agkisacutacin的纯化及其性质

从皖南尖吻蝮蛇毒中经阴离子交换层析和凝胶过滤层析分离纯化得到抗血小板凝集蛋白agkisacutacin ,纯化的agkisacutacin由分子量为 1 4kD和 1 5kD的 2条肽链通过二硫键连接 ,能有效抑制ristocetin诱导的血小板凝集 (IC5 0 为 1 8.5mg/L) ,能轻微抑制凝血酶诱导的血小板聚集 (IC5 0 为 1 .2 2 g/L) ,但对ADP、胶原诱导的血小板聚集无影响。agkisacutacin不具有纤溶活性、抗凝活性、磷脂酶A2 活性和出血活性 ,是一种潜在的安全、有效的抗血小板性栓塞的药物     

高密度脂蛋白促进内皮衍生的一氧化氮抑制血小板聚集的作用

用培养的小牛主动脉内皮细胞与兔水洗血小板直接相互作用的模型 ,探讨高密度脂蛋白对内皮衍生的一氧化氮抗血小板聚集作用的影响。培养的小牛主动脉内皮细胞预先用 10 0 μmol/L阿斯匹林处理 ,抑制细胞内的环氧化物酶活性。凝血酶 ( 0 1U/ml)可诱导兔血小板 ( 2× 10 8/ml) 67 3 3± 7 5 2 %的聚集反应。内皮细胞 ( 1× 10 5～ 1× 10 6 /ml)能抑制凝血酶诱导的血小板聚集 ,抑制强度与内皮细胞的数目正相关。且此作用可被 1mmol/L硝基精氨酸完全取消。表明内皮细胞对凝血酶诱导血小板聚集的抑制作用都是由内皮衍生的一氧化氮所致。在加凝血酶之前加入高密度脂蛋白 ( 1mg/ml)可增强内皮细胞 ( 1× 10 5/ml)的这种作用。高密度脂蛋白 ( 1mg/ml)与内皮细胞共同孵育 1h后 ,将高密度脂蛋白离心弃去 ,内皮细胞对凝血酶诱导血小板聚集的抑制作用不受影响。高密度脂蛋白及内皮细胞对静息血小板均无直接作用。结果表明 ,高密度脂蛋白增强内皮细胞抗凝血酶诱导的血小板聚集反应的作用是通过直接作用于内皮衍生的一氧化氮而产生的     

烙铁头Trimeresurus Mucrosquamatus蛇毒对血小板的活化作用

烙铁头Trimeresurus Mucrosquamatus蛇毒(TMV)可引起人和多种动物(狗、家兔、豚鼠)血小板的活化,发生聚集。血小板聚集强度与加入TMV的量有关。豚鼠血小板对TMV最为敏感,TMV引起豚鼠、家兔、狗和人的血小板聚集的最低剂量分别为0.6、12.5、2.0、2.0μg/ml。EDTA抑制而肝素不影响TMV对血小板的聚集作用。TMV的血小板聚集反应伴有5羟色胺的释放,引起家兔血小板5羟色胺最大释放(72％)的TMV剂量为100μg/ml。TMV还可以诱导血小板血栓恶烷A_2的形成。阿斯匹林能阻断TMV诱导的血栓恶烷A_2的生成,但并不抑制TMV引起的血小板聚集反应,提示TMV可能通过不依赖于血栓恶烷A_2的途径活化。初步结果表明TMV是研究血小板生理机制的有用工具。     

Spiramine N-6,一种新的抗血小板和抗血小板-中性粒细胞相互作用的物质

Spiramine N-6属粉花秀线菊植物中提取分离的二十碳二萜生物碱。本实验采用Born,Shen和Hamburger等方法分别观察了spiramine N-6在体外和体内对兔血小板聚集功能的影响。应用荧光分光光度法测定其对血小板5-羟色胺释放反应的作用,同时评价spiramine N-6对激活的血小板与中性粒细胞之间粘附反应的影响。结果表明：spiramine N-6在体外选择性抑制血小板活化因子(PAF)诱导的血小板聚集,并呈量效关系,其IC50=26μmol／L,对花生四烯酸(AA)或腺苷二磷酸(ADP)引起的血小板聚集无明显作用;spiramine N-6静注后明显抑制PAF、AA和ADP诱导的血小板聚集。Spiramine N-6呈浓度依赖性减少AA和PAF引起血小板5-羟色胺的释放,其IC50分别为64．7和33．5μmol／L。Spiramine N-6明显阻抑激活的血小板与中性粒细胞间的粘附率,其IC50为78．6μmol／L。结果提示spiramine N-6作为二十碳二萜生物碱具有较强的抗血小板和阻抑血小板一中性粒细胞相互作用的生物活性。     

Role of arachidonic acid in platelet aggregation induced by S. typhimurium endotoxin

The platelet aggregation reaction was used to assess the influence of arachidonic acid (AA), endotoxin (E) S. typhimurium and ADP on platelet aggregation properties. All the three substances induced platelet aggregation. A higher degree of aggregation was attained by the application of E combined with AA and ADP as compared with the effects produced by E and ADP alone. Prolonged incubation of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) samples with E led to an essential decrease of the aggregation degree on ADP addition. Incubation of PRP samples with E and ADP did not evoke any analogous decrease in the platelet aggregation degree. The data obtained indicate that AA stimulates platelet aggregation induced by E and ADP.     

Endotoxin enhances microvascular thrombosis in mouse cremaster venules via a TLR4-dependent, neutrophil-independent mechanism

Endotoxemia promotes adhesive interactions between platelets and microvascular endothelium in vivo. We sought to determine whether endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) modified platelet thrombus formation in mouse cremaster venules and whether Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and neutrophils were involved in the response. Intravital videomicroscopy was performed in the cremaster microcirculation of pentobarbital-anesthetized mice; venular platelet thrombi were induced with a light/dye endothelial injury model. C57BL/6 mice treated with Escherichia coli endotoxin had enhanced rates of venular platelet thrombus formation: the time to microvessel occlusion was reduced by approximately 50% (P < 0.005) compared with saline-treated animals. Enhanced microvascular thrombosis was evident as early as 2 h after LPS administration. LPS had no effect on thrombosis in either of two mouse strains with altered TLR4 signaling (C57BL/10ScNJ or C3H/HeJ), whereas it enhanced thrombosis in the control strains (C57BL/10J and C3H/HeN). LPS also enhanced platelet adhesion to endothelium in the absence of light/dye injury. Platelet adhesion, but not enhanced thrombosis, was inhibited by depletion of circulating neutrophils. LPS failed to enhance platelet aggregation ex vivo and did not influence platelet P-selectin expression, a marker of platelet activation. These findings support the notion that endotoxemia promotes platelet thrombus formation independent of neutrophils and without enhancement of platelet aggregation, via a TLR4-dependent mechanism.     

滇丹参注射液对兔血小板功能的影响

观察云南产滇丹参对血小板聚集功能的影响.方法采用Bom氏比浊法,测定滇丹参体内、体外对抗ADP、PAF、AA诱导的兔血小板聚集的作用.体外每种药物浓度分别为40 g/L、20 g/L、10 g/L、5 g/L、2.5 g/L,体内实验分为7组,即生理盐水组、两种丹参低中高剂量组分别为5 g/kg、10 g/kg、20 g/kg,每组6只.结果与对照组相比,滇丹参体外显著抑制ADP、AA诱导的血小板聚集,抑制效应呈浓度-效应关系(P＜0.05,0.01),IC50为33.7 g/L(ADP)、18.1 g/L(AA).滇丹参也显著抑制PAF诱导的血小板聚集,其最大抑制率为36.8%;体内实验结果显示,滇丹参在高剂量时可显著抑制ADP、PAF和AA诱导的血小板聚集(P＜0.05,0.01),且均具有剂量依赖性.滇丹参在药后20 min开始显效,40 min达到最大抑制作用,抑制率分别为95.6%(ADP)、91.5%(PAF)和88.5%(AA).结论以上结果表明,滇丹参体外、体内显著抑制血小板聚集,且其抗血小板聚集作用优于丹参,为进一步开发和利用滇丹参提供了依据.     

Modulating effects of adenosine on the process of human platelet activation]

The inhibitory effect of adenosine on aggregation of human platelets activated by platelet activating factor (PAF), ADP and serotonin (5-HT) were examined using native platelets from blood of volunteers. Platelet aggregation was determined by Born's method. Effective adenosine concentrations (IC50) which had inhibited platelet aggregation were found to be 0.63 +/- 0.11, 1.47 +/- 0.31 and 0.64 +/- 0.18 microM, respectively. It was shown that 10 microM adenosine inhibited PAF-induced platelet aggregation completely. The same adenosine concentration blocked ADP- and 5-HT-induced aggregation only partially. Adenosine is physiological inhibitor of human platelet aggregation in administration of PAF, ADP and 5-HT. Specific characteristics of adenosine modulating effect on these ligands was elicited.     

Functional damage of blood vessels and intravascular platelet aggregation in burns

A study was made of the effect of burn injury on aggregation properties of the vascular wall and platelet aggregation capacity. Maximal accumulation of malonic dialdehyde during thrombin-induced aggregation, maximal rise of the spontaneous intravascular platelet aggregation index, and the most remarkable functional lesions of the vascular wall were observed in the early period (within the first hours), at the disease height (day 7), and during the recovery (day 30). Variation of the homestatic balance between the prostacycline- and thromboxane-generating systems of the blood vessels and platelets in the disease early period is linked with stress reaction and release of biologically active substances (adrenaline, cortisone) to the circulation, whereas at the disease height with marked inflammation and emergence in the blood of endotoxin and break down products of cell membrane phospholipids.     

Thrombosis Prevention by Acetylsalicylic Acid in Hyperlipemic Rats

In rats, administration of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) by stomach tube two hours before blood removal, or addition of the drug to platelet-rich plasma in vitro, markedly inhibited platelet aggregation induced by thrombin, ADP and collagen. Addition of ASA in vitro to human platelet-rich plasma also inhibited platelet aggregation by thrombin, ADP and collagen. In hyperlipemic rats, ASA (100 to 200 mg./kg.), administered by stomach tube once or five times, markedly inhibited the production of thrombosis initiated by intravenous injection of S. typhosa endotoxin. In these experiments, thrombosis prevention by ASA was associated with both a decrease in platelet aggregation and an increase in the recalcification plasma clotting time.     

褐藻酸钠硫酸酯对血液流变学和血小板聚集的影响

褐藻酸钠硫酸酯(Sodium Alginate Sulfates SAS)是以褐藻酸为原料经磺化、酯化而成的硫酸酯多糖的钠盐系列物(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ)。本文研究了SAS对兔和大鼠血液流变学和血小板聚集的影响,结果发现:SAS静注5mg/kg能够显著降低高切、低切下的全血比粘度,降低血细胞压积,降低红细胞聚集指数,提高红细胞沉降率,从而改善血液的流变特性。实验中还发现,SAS体内外均可缩短大鼠红细胞电泳时间,体内还可以缩短大鼠血小板电泳时间,而体外则可延长血小板电泳时间。SAS体外可诱导兔、大鼠血小板聚集,能够促进ADP诱导的血小板聚集,而对AA诱导的血小板聚集则无促进作用。结果提示:静注SAS能够改善血液的流变特性,增加红细胞和血小板表面电荷,抑制红细胞及血小板间的粘附和聚集,从而使其具有一定的抗血栓作用。同时还提示,SAS在体内循环和代谢的过程中,结构可能发生了变化,从而使其体内、体外的作用特征出现了相对立的结果。     

华北绣线菊二萜生物碱抗血小板聚集活性研究

采用Born氏比浊法观察华北绣线菊小叶变种中分离得到的总碱和 9个hetisine型C2 0 二萜生物碱及其衍生物体外对血小板活化因子 (PAF)、花生四烯酸 (AA)和二磷酸腺苷 (ADP)三种诱导剂引起的血小板聚集活性的影响 ,并初步探讨了构效关系。结果表明 ,华北绣线菊小叶变种中总碱对PAF和ADP诱导的血小板聚集均有明显的抑制作用 ;9个hetisine型C2 0 二萜生物碱中 ,有 8个显著抑制PAF诱导的血小板聚集 ,其活性与分子结构明显相关 ;此外 ,hetisine型生物碱及其衍生物对ADP诱导的血小板聚集亦有一定的抑制作用 ,但总碱及生物碱对AA诱导的聚集影响不明显。提示hetisine型C2 0 二萜生物碱具有抗血小板聚集活性。     

Inhibitory effect of sulfur-containing compounds in Scorodocarpus borneensis Becc. on the aggregation of rabbit platelets

The inhibitory effects of three pure compounds isolated from wood garlic, 2,4,5-trithiahexane (I), 2,4,5,7-tetrathiaoctane (II), and 2,4,5,7-tetrathiaoctane 2,2-dioxide (III), on rabbit platelet aggregation induced by collagen, arachidonic acid, U46619, ADP (adenosine 5'-diphosphate), PAF (platelet aggregating factor), and thrombin were studied in vitro. The anti-aggregating activity of 2,4,5,7-tetrathiaoctane 4,4-dioxide (IV) was also measured with collagen and arachidonic acid. I, II, III, and IV inhibited the platelet aggregation induced by all tested agonists. I, II, and III exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect against the thrombin-induced aggregation of GFP (gel-filtered platelets) than against the aggregation induced by the other agonists. Notably, the IC50 value for III was 4 microM, which is approximately 2.5 times stronger than MATS (methyl allyl trisulfide), a major anti-platelet compound isolated from garlic. In inhibiting collagen-induced aggregation, II was as potent as MATS and aspirin, with a marked disaggregation effect on the secondary aggregation by arachidonic acid, at the rate of 47.05%/min at a concentration of 10(-4) M. I, II, and III also suppressed U46619-induced aggregation. These results suggest that sulfur-containing compounds in wood garlic not only inhibit arachidonic acid metabolism but also suppress aggregation in association with the function of the platelet plasma membrane.     

Effect of etmozin on thrombocyte aggregation capacity

It was shown in in vitro experiments that etmozin at a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml significantly suppressed (by 21%) platelet aggregation induced by ADP, but it had no effect on platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid. In in vivo experiments etmozin was found to cause a marked suppression of tendon collagen-induced platelet aggregation in the doses 2-5 mg/kg having antiarrhythmic activity. Under suppressed platelet aggregation induced by indomethacin, the prostaglandin biosynthesis blocker etmozin displayed no antiaggregation effect. It is suggested that etmozin effects on ADP release from platelets play the main role in the mechanism of its antiaggregation action.