妊娠合并上尿路结石致肾绞痛的临床诊治策略

目的:探讨妊娠期上尿路结石致肾绞痛的诊断和治疗方法.方法:对103例妊娠期上尿路结石致肾绞痛患者的临床资料及诊治过程进行分析,结合文献讨论本病的临床特点及诊治方法.结果:92例B型超声检查发现结石,11例仅发现患侧肾脏积水.所有患者均先行保守治疗;期间14例行输尿管置管术,7例行输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术,2例行经皮肾穿刺造瘘术;101例患者顺利足月分娩;2例终止妊娠,孕妇平安.结论:妊娠期上尿路结石的诊断首选超声检查.对于有症状发作者保守治疗是主要治疗方法.治疗用药物应注意保护胎儿.对于顽固性肾绞痛患者,外科治疗首选逆行插管引流尿液,必要时可选择输尿管镜检查或经皮肾穿刺.开放手术为最后的治疗手段.     

胎儿重复肾畸形的超声诊断及误诊原因分析

目的:探讨胎儿重复肾畸形的超声诊断的图像特征及误诊原因。方法:回顾分析我院30例经产前超声诊断为重复肾胎儿的超声图像及其临床资料。结果:30例重复肾胎儿中,出生后经手术或临床证实或终止妊娠后经解剖证实的共有27例,出生后经复查双肾正常的胎儿共有3例。27例重复肾胎儿中,单侧、双侧重复肾分别占22、5例,共32侧重复肾,其中合并输尿管扩张、合并输尿管囊肿的分别占14、4侧;合并其他系统气管畸形的胎儿共6侧,其中染色体三体综合征的有4例;出现4例误诊;胎儿重复肾声像图特征:1呈囊肿样改变肾上极占4侧,类圆形无回声区,壁较薄、光滑,与输尿管相通;2肾窦区可见两个不相通的肾盂,分离肾盂占11侧,未与输尿管相通;3肾窦区可见两个不相通肾盂,分离肾盂占14侧,上肾盂或下肾盂相连于输尿管;4 3侧肾窦区见两个不分离的肾盂,肾脏形态拉长,未与输尿管相通。结论:胎儿重复肾的超声声像图特征主要为两个不相通的肾盂;加强在胎儿中晚孕期时做常规多切面扫查,有利于提高对重复肾胎儿的确诊精确率,为临床评估胎儿提供借鉴。     

超声与CT 在肝脏囊型包虫病与非寄生虫性囊肿鉴别中的比较

目的:分析囊型包虫病的CT以及超声的影像学特征以及联合诊断的效能,以减少对于CL及Ⅰ型包虫囊肿误诊率。方法:回顾性分析自2008年1月～2010年9月在我院行CT和超声检查的包虫病患者22例,肝脏单纯囊肿25例,分析其表现并进行比较。结果:CT检出36个病灶,超声检测出34个病灶,单纯囊肿组和包虫组病灶分布及形态等无明显差别,22例超声显示位于包虫囊肿底部可以随体位运动棘球呦砂样改变,显示囊肿壁不规则增厚3例,病灶周围胆管扩张2例,CT显示包虫囊肿壁钙化5例,病灶周围胆管扩张3例。结论:联合CT和超声学检查可以帮助提高CEI及CL型包虫囊肿的诊断率。     

三维超声复合成像技术监测甲状腺囊肿PEI 疗效

目的:本研究应用三维超声复合成像技术(3D-sonoCT)观察甲状腺囊肿无水酒精注射(PEI,percutaneous ethanol Injection)治疗前后变化,探讨其临床应用价值.方法:PEI治疗甲状腺囊肿55例,单纯性囊肿18例,复杂性囊肿37例,于PEI治疗前后进行二维及三维SonoCT显像.结果:三维sonoCT图像清晰、立体感强,可明确显示甲状腺囊肿内结构及PEI治疗前后变化.结论:三维sonoCT能提供更加丰富、直观的信息,是观察PEI治疗甲状腺囊肿疗效的有效手段.     

23例输尿管子宫内膜异位症患者诊断和治疗的临床分析

目的:总结23例输尿管子宫内膜异位症患者的临床诊断和治疗经验.方法:回顾性分析23例病理证实为输尿管子宫内膜异位症患者的临床诊治以及术后随访资料,并对结果进行对比分析.结果:23例患者均接受了超声检查,其中21例接受了静脉肾盂造影检查,11例接受了逆行肾盂造影检查,16例接受了CT检查,8例接受了MRI检查;23例均行手术治疗,其中3例接受了输尿管粘连松解术治疗,6例接受了输尿管狭窄段切除+输尿管膀胱再吻合术治疗,12例接受了输尿管狭窄段切除+输尿管端端吻合术治疗,2例接受了输尿管内镜下子宫内膜异位病损电灼术治疗.23例患者均为单侧发病,左侧14例,右侧9例.术后病理检查证实为子宫内膜异位症,异位病灶均位于输尿管下段.结论:输尿管子宫内膜异位症是一种泌尿外科罕见的疾病,早期诊断难度较大,影像学检查在输尿管子宫内膜异位症的诊断中起着重要作用.对于轻度的输尿管梗阻患者,推荐行输尿管粘连松解术治疗;对于中、重度输尿管梗阻患者,推荐行输尿管狭窄段切除术治疗;对于病变程度严重的病例,推荐术后应用激素类药物治疗降低术后的复发率.     

超声显像与X线相结合诊断贲门癌的探讨

贲门癌是消化道系统常见的癌肿之一,对其诊断的主要方法迄今依然依靠X线双对比造影和内窥镜检查。近年来虽有不少学者应用超声显像对胃肿瘤的诊断进行研究,但对于贲门癌的超卢诊断仍有较大争议。为了客观评价应用超声显像检查诊断贲门癌的临床实效,综合影像诊断的经验,本文对38例贲门癌进行了X线钡餐和超声显像检查的对     

女性压力性尿失禁患者盆底三维超声显像初步研究

目的:通过三维超声对正常未孕妇女及产后压力性尿失禁(SUI)患者的盆底结构显像,研究SUI患者的膀胱颈尿道活动度及肛提肌变化,评估三维超声显像对女性盆底病变的诊断价值.方法:分别对研究组和对照组行盆底结构三维超声检查,测量膀胱尿道连接部的直接移动度(UVJ-M)、张力期膀胱尿道后角、静息期及张力期耻骨直肠肌厚度、耻骨直肠肌夹角,观察肛提肌形态.结果:SUI研究组UVJ-M 15.93± 2.07mm,较对照组7.64± 1.37mm增大(P＜0.01),研究组张力期膀胱尿道后角145.90±22.03°,较对照组106.49±14.32°增大(P＜0.01),研究组静息期耻骨直肠肌厚度6.39±0.48小于对照组6.71±0.69(P＜0.05),研究组张力期耻骨直肠肌厚度6.13±0.49小于对照组6.64± 0.61(P＜0.05),静息期研究组耻骨直肠肌夹角70.08±3.15大于对照组69.45±2.19°,但无统计学意义(P＞0.05),张力期75.49±3.92大于对照组70.35±1.51° (P＜0.01).结论:三雏超声显像能直观有效地观察女性尿道、肛提肌等盆底结构,对诊断压力性尿失禁是一个有意义的辅助手段.     

219例输尿管结石的超声诊断分析

目的探讨超声诊断输尿管结石的价值和意义,降低误诊率。方法采用MINDRAY DC-3型和ALOKA SSC-390型超声诊断仪对219例输尿管结石患者进行诊断,并对临床资料及超声特征进行总结分析。结果本组219例中,经临床证实211例,诊断符合率为96.3%;误诊8例,误诊率为3.7%。输尿管结石的典型超声声像图特征表现为弧形光带或椭圆形光团,后方伴声影。结论超声可作为临床诊断输尿管结石的首选方法。     

肺癌的超声像、超声引导下穿刺活检及纤支镜检、酶组织化学,超微结构的研究

为了探讨超声对肺癌诊断的可行性价值,研究对象包括20例患者,20例可疑病例,均采用超声像,超声引导下穿刺活检和纤支镜检,常规病理检查,酶组织化学检查和电镜观察,结果超声诊断肺癌可以确认肺部肿块的存在,并可以观察肿瘤的大小,形态及内部结构,B超引导下活检可应用于周围型肺部肿块以及患者不宜行纤支镜检或镜检失败的某些中心型肺部肿块,肺癌组织酶组织化学活性反应为（NOS、LDH,CCO,ACP）的活性增高,SDH的活性降低,呈“四高、一是低”的特点,其超微结构示肺组织结构破坏,肺癌组织细胞结构不清,提示：超声像有助于发现肺部肿块,B超引导下活检是安全,快速,简便可行的有效手段,酶组织化学检查及电镜观察对肺癌的鉴别诊断有意义。     

单用超声、CT及联合应用诊断甲状腺肿块的效果分析

目的:探讨超声、CT检查及两者联合应用对甲状腺肿块的诊断,以提高甲状腺肿块的诊断准确率.方法:回顾性搜集213例甲状腺肿块患者的临床、超声资料,及其中的127例患者CT资料,并分析各自的临床、超声和CT表现特点,并将相关的超声、CT与手术病理对照比较.结果:超声、CT在诊断良、恶性肿块在结节数目差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);在钙化、包膜侵犯、边界、病灶形态等差异具有显著性(P＜0.05).甲状腺肿块的超声诊断符合率与CT比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);联合诊断符合率明显高于超声、CT单项诊断符合率(P＜0.05).联合诊断肿块的定性能力优于超声、CT单项检查(P＜0.05).结论:超声和CT均能较好的诊断甲状腺肿块病变,两者联合应用,可提高甲状腺肿块的诊断准确率.     

肾囊肿腹腔镜手术后复发原因分析与对策

目的:分析肾囊肿腹腔镜手术后复发原因并提出相应对策。方法:回顾性分析我院2006年1月至2011年1肿)的诊疗过程和复发情况,分析复发原因并提出需要重视的相关技术细节。结果:325例病人复发28例,其中囊壁游离不充分,囊壁切除不够7例,占复发病例25.0%;手术清除2月采用腹腔镜技术治疗的325例单纯性肾囊肿患者(412个肾囊不够16例,占复发病例57.1%;术后尿性囊肿形成误判为囊肿复发2例,占复发病例7.1%,其他3例,占10.7%。结论:腹腔镜技术是一种安全、有效的单纯性肾囊肿治疗方法,选择合理的手术入路,同时对某些技术环节合理运用和改良,有助于降低术后复发率。     

Hydatid cyst in soft tissues mimicking malignant tumors. Diagnosis by fine needle aspiration cytology

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of soft tissue hydatid cysts. STUDY DESIGN: Five cases of soft tissue hydatid cyst were diagnosed primarily by fine needle aspiration cytology. RESULTS: In all cases, large fragments of acellular material, finely lamellated, were found. There were no complications related to fine needle aspiration, and histologic studies confirmed the diagnosis of hydatid cyst. CONCLUSION: When acellular, laminated fragments suggestive of a laminated layer are identified on smears, hydatid cyst should be considered in the differential diagnosis, even in atypical locations and in the absence of hooklets, protoscolices or both.     

Fine needle aspiration cytology of bursal cyst

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cytomorphology of bursal cyst and assess the efficacy of aspiration cytology in its diagnosis and treatment. STUDY DESIGN: Nineteen cases of bursal cyst seen over four years were studied. Material was obtained by fine needle aspiration. The smears were stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa stain and hematoxylin and eosin. RESULTS: Eight cysts were in the popliteal fossa, 4 on the elbow, 3 on the knee, 2 on the shoulder and 2 in the calf. Gelatinous material was aspirated in all the cases. In some cases the cyst collapsed after aspiration. The key diagnostic features were hypocellular smears in a mucoid background. Histiocytelike (synovial) cells were seen lying in all cases and as pseudopapillary structures in two. CONCLUSION: The presence of a cyst at a classic location with aspiration of gelatinous material and the presence of singly occurring histiocytelike cells in a mucoid background in smears is diagnostic of bursal cyst. The procedure is therapeutic in some cases.     

腹腔镜手术治疗妇科57 例卵巢囊肿的临床分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜下手术治疗妇科卵巢囊肿的临床应用价值和手术要点。方法:对2009年5月～2011年5月期间我院57例进行腹腔镜手术的卵巢囊肿患者(巧克力囊肿32例,单纯性浆液性囊腺瘤19例,良性畸胎瘤6例)的手术资料进行回顾性分析。结果:57例腹腔镜手术全部成功,无中转开腹手术,平均手术时间58min,平均术中出血48ml,术后平均住院2.4d,无病理性恶变。结论:腹腔镜手术治疗妇科卵巢囊肿具有术后恢复快、住院时间短,微创、并发感染率低及其他并发症少、安全有效等明显优势,是妇科手术治疗卵巢囊肿的首选术式。     

Eleven cases of nonfunctioning parathyroid cyst--significance of needle aspiration in diagnosis and management

Eleven cases of nonfunctioning parathyroid cyst are reported. Ultrasonography revealed the cystic nature of the asymptomatic lump in the neck. Clear watery fluid obtained by needle aspiration and the increased parathyroid hormone concentration in the fluid established the diagnosis. Five patients, in four of whom the cysts reappeared after one (3 cases) or seven (1 case) needle aspirations, underwent surgical resection of the cysts. Six other patients were followed conservatively after the aspiration maneuver. In four patients with enough follow-up time for evaluation, the cyst fluid has not reaccumulated 5, 2 and 2 years after only one aspiration, and 1 year after two aspirations. In one patient, the cyst reappeared 9 months after the initial aspiration. Simple percutaneous aspiration may be curative in some cases of nonfunctioning parathyroid cysts.     

Gastric bronchogenic cyst presenting as a submucosal mass: a case report

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Bronchogenic cysts are developmental anomalies of the primitive foregut which mostly occur in the lung. Gastric bronchogenic cysts are extremely rare; few cases have been reported in the literature and the diagnosis was often made following surgical resection. CASE PRESENTATION: A 40-year-old North African man was admitted to our hospital with a gastric submucosal mass. An endoscopic ultrasound revealed a unilocular cystic mass located in the muscular layer. Its content was echogenic suggestive of mucus. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the liquid nature of the cyst and showed a high ratio of proteins. Based on these observations, the diagnosis of bronchogenic cyst was confirmed. An endoscopic monitoring was decided rather than surgery because of the small size of the cyst and the absence of symptoms. CONCLUSION: Although gastric bronchogenic cysts are rare, they should be well known and considered in all differential diagnoses of gastric tumors. We report a new case of gastric bronchogenic cyst and highlight the contribution of morphological tests that currently allow a non-invasive diagnosis.     

Lymphangioma of the pancreas: a multimodal approach to pre‐operative diagnosis

Background: Lymphangioma of the pancreas is an extremely rare benign tumour of lymphatic origin, with only four cases diagnosed by EUS‐FNA reported to date. Methods and materials: Five cases of either cytologically or histologically diagnosed pancreatic lymphangioma with pre‐operative cytological analysis by EUS‐FNAC were reviewed. Results: All patients were female, with a mean age of 56.4 years. By imaging, the cystic lesions ranged in size from 2 to 7 cm (mean 4.5 cm) and were mainly located in the head of the pancreas. All cysts had thin walls and no cyst demonstrated a mural nodule. Diagnosis based on imaging features was benign in all cases due to the absence of high‐risk features. Four samples were sent for biochemical analysis, which showed low CEA levels (range, <0.5–19.4 ng/ml; mean, 5.45 ng/ml) and CA 19.9 and CA 72.4 levels within normal range. All cyst fluids showed numerous small lymphocytes with no atypia; no epithelial cells were present, including no gastrointestinal contamination. Flow cytometry in two cases showed T lymphocytes with a mature phenotype. Surgical resection in two patients confirmed the cytological diagnosis. Benign clinical follow‐up was available in three patients at 2, 3 and 3.5 years. Conclusion: A multimodal approach to cytological diagnosis (combining clinical, radiological and cyst fluid gross, biochemical and cytological characteristics) can lead to the diagnosis of this cystic neoplasm and distinguish it from other more common cysts in the pancreas, potentially avoiding the need for unnecessary surgery.     

Seven cases of branchial cyst and sinuses in four generations.

7 cases of isolated branchial anomalies distributed in four consecutive generations of a Central Indian family are described: 6 were males and 1 was female. 3 members had a left-sided branchial sinus, 1 had a right-sided sinus, 2 had bilateral sinuses, and 1 had a right-sided cyst. The family shows that branchial (lateral cervical) cysts and sinuses are inherited as autosomal dominant characters, and that the two anomalies are indistinguishable genetically.     

Les kystes intraprostatiques: à propos de trois observations

Introduction

Intraprostatic cysts are considered to be rare. Some forms may be responsible for male infertility. The authors study the various clinical aspects, with the aim of defining guidelines for the exploration and treatment of different types of intraprostatic cysts.

Materials and methods

Between 2002 and 2007, we studied 3 cases of intraprostatic cyst in 3 men aged between 32 and 39 years.

Results

The clinical presentation was primary infertility (2 cases) and pelvic pain (2 cases). Digital rectal exam revealed prostate mass in 2 cases. Spermogram results were abnormal in 2 cases. The diagnosis was confirmed by prostate ultrasound. Trans-rectal ultrasound guided needle aspiration was performed in one case with secondary recurrence. Two patients had urethroscopy showing an absence of communication between the cyst and urethral channel. Transurethral incision of the cyst was made with resection of the protruding dome. Progress was favourable in all cases with improvement of semen and dissipation of symptoms without recurrence.

Conclusion

Intraprostatic cysts are benign lesions, often of congenital origin. Imaging is an essential component of diagnosis and can sometimes guide therapeutic procedures. The treatment is not yet codified, but symptomatic and/or complicated cysts can be treated by effective and minimally invasive endoscopic methods.     

Giant cystic metaplastic carcinoma of the breast: a case report with diagnosis by fine needle aspiration

BACKGROUND: Breast cysts are mainly benign and are reported in association with fibrocystic disease and phyllodes tumor. Rarely have cystic changes been reported to occur in malignant tumors. They are usually small but large in rare cases. Giant breast cysts are very rare, and only a few cases have been reported. CASE: A 37-year-old woman presented with a rapidly growing breast mass. Mammography showed a huge, well-circumscribed cystic mass (17 x 16 x 16 cm) suggestive of a benign lesion. Cytologic examination revealed a highly cellular tumor composed of malignant cells of various sizes and shapes in a necrotic background. The smears were diagnosed as positive for malignancy and suggested metaplastic carcinoma. Mastectomy was performed, and histologic study confirmed the cytologic diagnosis. CONCLUSION: This is the first reported case of a breast cyst of this size. Clinically the cyst was confused with a benign lesion. The fine needle aspiration aided the diagnosis and planning of treatment.