Machine Learning for Lung Cancer Diagnosis,Treatment, and Prognosis

The recent development of imaging and sequencing technologies enables systematic advances in the clinical study of lung cancer. Meanwhile, the human mind is limited in effectively handling and fully utilizing the accumulation of such enormous amounts of data. Machine learningbased approaches play a critical role in integrating and analyzing these large and complex datasets,which have extensively characterized lung cancer through the use of different perspectives from these accrued data. In this ...     

宫颈癌研究新进展

宫颈癌是威胁女性健康的最常见的主要恶性肿瘤之一,据统计全世界每年新发现有数万女性患有宫颈癌这种癌症,越来越多的妇女死于宫颈癌。宫颈癌也是一种预防的肿瘤,其致病因素多种多样,包括初次性生活的年龄、吸烟、HPV、HSV、HCMV、EBV等因素。目前的检测方法有巴氏涂片法、薄层液基细胞学涂片法、宫颈组织活检及宫颈管刮术、HPV-DNA检测、计算机辅助细胞学检测系统等方法可以诊断宫颈癌。早期诊断、早期检查对宫颈癌的预防和治疗具有积极作用,同时降低宫颈癌的死亡率。     

RELATION OF A STREPTOCOCCUS TO EPIDEMIC POLIOMYELITIS-Studies in Etiology,Diagnosis and Specific Treatment

The production in 1915 of herpes zoster or "posterior" poliomyelitis in animals with a streptococcus led to further research on the etiologic importance of streptococci in "anterior" poliomyelitis.A specific streptococcus was demonstrated consistently in persons with poliomyelitis and in well persons having contact with them or merely inhabiting an area in which poliomyelitis was epidemic. That the organism was not present in areas remote from contact with the disease was likewise demonstrated.The streptococcus has been isolated from filtrates of poliomyelitis virus and from the tissues and exudates which harbor the virus. It appears in the spinal fluid in the preparalytic stage of poliomyelitis and disappears from the spinal fluid during the severe stage of the disease. Antibody and antigen prepared from the streptococcus were used to determine the presence of antigen and antibody indicative of streptococcal infection in many patients with poliomyelitis and in well persons. The intensity of reaction indicating specific streptococcal antigen was directly proportional to the degree of paralysis in patients; the reaction was greater in persons whose age, sex and previous isolation from the disease would normally indicate greater susceptibility. The test for antibody gave opposite results. Specific agglutinins for the streptococcus and neutralizing antibody for the virus were present consistently in the serum of persons and monkeys during recovery from poliomyelitis. Virus produced in vitro from the associated streptococcus caused all the clinical and pathologic features of poliomyelitis in monkeys inoculated with it, and the animals that recovered from the disease thus induced were proved to be immune thereafter to the natural virus. Antistreptococcic serum prepared in horses was used to treat poliomyelitis. In a group of monkeys inoculated with the virus of the disease, 6 per cent of those receiving the serum before inoculation died of the disease; of the control group, 82 per cent. In a series of poliomyelitis patients treated with the serum the mortality rate was 8 per cent; in a control series, 21 per cent. In a series treated in all stages of the disease by the author, 10 per cent died; of those who did not receive the serum, 25 per cent. An antibody has been prepared from the streptococcus which appears to prevent paralysis and otherwise mitigate poliomyelitis and to provide immunization from the disease.The conclusion is reached that the virus of poliomyelitis is a form of the specific streptococcus, which is the agent in primary infections and in the development of the immunizing antibody.     

血液流变学在心肌梗死诊断、治疗和预后判断方面的研究进展

血液流变学是一门研究血液流动与变型的新型学科,其范围包括血液流量、流速、流态、血液凝固性,血液中有形成分及血管变形性与弹性、微循环、微血管血液流变性等。它是心肌梗死发病的一个重要因素之一,其突出表现是红细胞聚集症和高粘滞血症。血液流变学不但在心肌梗死疾病中的诊断,药物、介入等方面作为临床治疗与疗效的评估指标,而且对心肌梗死疾病的预后及对临床观察病情变化及疗效判定等具有重要意义。     

血液流变学在心肌梗死诊断、治疗和预后判断方面的研究进展

血液流变学是一门研究血液流动与变型的新型学科,其范围包括血液流量、流速、流态、血液凝固性,血液中有形成分及血管变形性与弹性、微循环、微血管血液流变性等。它是心肌梗死发病的一个重要因素之一,其突出表现是红细胞聚集症和高粘滞血症。血液流变学不但在心肌梗死疾病中的诊断,药物、介入等方面作为临床治疗与疗效的评估指标,而且对心肌梗死疾病的预后及对临床观察病情变化及疗效判定等具有重要意义。     

Aminoacidopathies: Prevalence,Etiology, Screening,and Treatment Options

Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are a group of inherited metabolic disorders which are caused by mutations in the specific genes that lead to impaired proteins or enzymes production. Different metabolic pathways are perturbed due to the deficiency or lack of enzymes. To date, more than 500 IEMs have been reported with most of them being untreatable. However, fortunately 91 such disorders are potentially treatable, if diagnosed at an earlier stage of life. IEMs have been classified into different categories and one class of IEMs, characterized by the physiological disturbances of amino acids is called as aminoacidopathies. Out of 91 treatable IEM, thirteen disorders are amino acid related. Aminoacidopathies can be detected by chromatography and mass spectrometry based analytical techniques (e.g., HPLC, GC–MS, LC–MS/MS) for amino acid level changes, and through genetic assays (e.g., PCR, TaqMan Genotyping, DNA sequencing) at the mutation level in the corresponding genes. Hence, this review is focused to describe thirteen common aminoacidopathies namely: Phenylketonuria (PKU), Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD), Homocystinuria/Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) deficiency, Tyrosinemia type II, Citrullinemia type I and type II, Argininosuccinic aciduria, Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase I (CPS) deficiency, Argininemia (arginase deficiency), Hyperornithinemia–Hyperammonemia–Homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome, N-Acetylglutamate Synthase (NAGS) deficiency, Ornithine Transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency, and Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) complex deficiency. Furthermore, the etiology, prevalence and commonly used analytical techniques for screening of aminoacidopathies are briefly described. This information would be helpful to researchers and clinicians especially from developing countries to initiate newborn screening programs for aminoacidopathies.     

炎症性贫血的病因、诊断与治疗研究进展

感染、自身免疫紊乱、慢性疾病和年龄等很多原因都会导致炎症发生并发展为贫血。炎症性贫血(anemia of inflammation AI)通常为正细胞正色素性贫血,临床表现温和。系统性的铁利用、红细胞生成、红细胞生存期特征的变化导致了炎症性贫血。最佳治疗是纠正病因,然而当病因不清或难以诊断时,治疗炎症性贫血的办法就非常有限了。铁调素(Hepcidin)是近年研究铁利用调节的中心。由于铁调素定量分析技术的发展,人们逐渐认识到其在各种疾病中的作用。最近研究集中在铁调素表达调节通路,并发现了药物治疗的靶点。由于治疗上的巨大进步,分析正常血红蛋白对疾病预后的影响,就可以明确炎性疾病发生和死亡过程中贫血是否具有可逆性。     

阿尔茨海默病的症状、诊断及其护理

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD),俗称老年痴呆病,是一种发病进程缓慢、随着时间不断恶化的神经退化性疾病.本研究根据认知能力和身体机能的恶化程度对阿尔茨海默病的病程进行分期描述,对前期、早期、中期和晚期4个时期的症状、临床诊断和护理进行了系统的分析,以期全面了解和认识阿尔茨海默病的症状和征候,为预防和早期干预阿尔茨海默病提供理论基础.