Space Use,Survival, Movements,and Reproduction of Reintroduced Louisiana Black Bears

ABSTRACT Studies of reintroduced animals are beneficial to evaluate the success of reintroduction programs and to understand factors influencing fitness of reintroduced individuals. The geographic distribution of the federally threatened Louisiana black bear (Ursus americanus luteolus) has been reduced to 3 isolated populations due to habitat loss and excessive harvest. We reintroduced 23 adult female Louisiana black bears and their cubs to east-central Louisiana, USA, and documented postrelease space use, survival, movements, and reproduction. Individual females used larger home ranges after reintroduction than they had in the source population (P = 0.037). Spring ranges of reintroduced females were smaller than summer, autumn, and annual ranges (all P < 0.09), which did not differ from each other (all P > 0.60). Survival of reintroduced females did not differ between their first (S = 0.933) and second (S = 1.00) year after release or from annual survival of females in the source population (S = 0.964–1.00). Mean straight-line distance traveled by females from their release sites to the center of established home ranges or last recorded locations was 22.7 km. Six females reproduced after reintroduction and produced 15 cubs. Mean postrelease litter size of parturient reintroduced females (2.5) was similar to reported mean litter size of females in the source population (2.4). Our results suggest that the Louisiana reintroduction program is proceeding favorably; however, future studies should continue to monitor survival and reproduction of reintroduced females in Louisiana. Additional demographic parameters (i.e., cub survival) should be estimated to allow for population viability analysis to determine if the new population is self-sustaining.     

Syndrome of Rapid Irregular Movements of Eyes and Limbs in Childhood

Electroencephalographic (E.E.G.), polyelectromyographic (poly-E.M.G.), and electro-oculographic (E.O.G.) studies were made of 16 young children and babies referred because of prolonged episodes of rapid irregular movements of eyes and limbs (R.I.M.E.L.) sometimes involving also the trunk and head. This unusual syndrome of unknown aetiology developed over a period of a few days and persisted for months or years. In the E.E.G. there were only minor changes, without discharges of any kind during the episodes of involuntary movements, and during sleep the spindles were unusually fast. In the poly-E.M.G. single or multiple spikes appeared as electrical concomitants of brief myoclonic phenomena at irregular intervals and independently in the various groups of muscles examined. In the E.O.G. the frequent episodes of irregular jerky movements of the eyeballs occurred at various intervals and without rhythmicity. On clinical observation alone this syndrome may not be easily separated from other conditions such as myoclonic epilepsy, gross ataxia, tremors, or choreiform syndromes in young children; the peculiar combination of neurophysiological findings is essential in the identification of this unusual disorder.     

“条件必需氨基酸——Gln”生理功能的研究进展及应用现状

Gln是一种“条件必需氨基酸” ,本文详细论述了Gln的研究背景 ,Gln的生理功能包括在免疫活性细胞、骨骼肌、胃肠道、肾脏、肝脏和大脑中的作用 ,并且讨论了Gln的输送机制和Gln在营养液中的应用现状     

Light- and Clock-Controlled Leaflet Movements in Samanea saman*: A Physiological,Biophysical and Biochemical Analysis**

Leaflet movements in the legume Samanea saman are under joint control by light and a circadian oscillator. The movements are driven by massive fluxes of K⁺, Cl^?, and H⁺ through pulvinar motor cell membranes. Light and the oscillator affect leaflet movements by altering the activity of ion transport systems. Some effects of light on ion transport may be mediated by the phosphatidylinositol (PI) cycle, since brief irradiation of the pulvinus with white light accelerates PI turnover.     

Movements and Habitat Use by the Endangered Australian Freshwater Mary River cod, Maccullochella peelii mariensis

The decline of the endangered Mary River cod, Maccullochella peelii mariensis, of Queensland, Australia, has been attributed to anthropomorphic habitat alterations, however, the relationships between this subspecies and its physical environment are poorly understood. We used radiotelemetry to investigate the movements and use of habitats by nine Mary River cod (total length 420–760mm; weight 1.3–5.5kg) in the Mary River system over a 20 month period. The mean distance moved each month was positively correlated with monthly stream discharge, but the direction of movements was unpredictable. Patterns of movement varied considerably among individuals and appeared to be unrelated to size. Cod established home ranges of between 70 and 820m in length. Five of the tagged cod returned to a previous home range after moving more than 10km, whereas three did not move more than 2km from their capture location for the duration of the study. Cod used large woody debris complexes more than any other type of habitat, and rarely used areas of open water. Managers should give high priority to maintenance of fish passage and protection/rehabilitation of large woody debris habitats if cod populations are to recover.     

Migration, Transnationalism, and Belonging: Movements in the Nation-State

Sovereign Bodies: Citizens, Migrants, and States in the Postcolonial World. Thomas Blom Hansen and Finn Stepputat, eds. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005. 366 pp.
When Women Come First: Gender and Class in Transnational Migration. Sheba Mariam George. Berkley: University of California Press, 2005. 259 pp.
In a New Land: A Comparative View of Immigration. Nancy Foner. New York: New York University Press, 2005. 327 pp.     

一种快速mRNA差异显示技术及用于分离辐射诱导转录子

介绍一种从不同类型细胞或不同生长状态细胞中分离差异表达基因的快速ｍＲＮＡ差异显示技术．其特点是不用同位素标记,操作简便,在普通琼脂糖凝胶电泳中就能分辨差异显示的ｃＤＮＡ带,便于ＤＮＡ回收和进一步重组克隆．用此方法成功地分离到电离辐射诱导转录子．     

植物精氨酸及其代谢产物的生理功能

L-精氨酸在植物中除作为一种重要的氮素贮藏营养物供再利用外,还是生成多胺（PA）和-氧化氮（NO）等的前体物质,而PA和NO都是植物中重要的信使分子,参与包括生长发育、抗逆性等在内的几乎所有的生理生化过程。精氨酸脱羧酶（ADC）、精氨酸酶和一氧化氮合酶（NOS）是L-精氨酸分解代谢的关键酶,精氨酸可经ADC或精氨酸酶-鸟氨酸脱羧酶（ODC）途径形成PA,也可经NOS途径形成NO,3个酶活性的相对强弱,决定了精氨酸的代谢方向。根系在越冬期间会积累丰富的精氨酸;精氨酸代谢对于植物感知和适应环境变化有重要意义。     

A Digital Image Processing Technique for the Analysis of Particle Movements: Its Application to Organelle Movements during Mitosis in Adiantum Protonemata

A digital image processing technique was developed for the simultaneousdetection of changes in organelle movements in different regionsof a cell from the protonemata of the fern, Adiantum. The speedof particle movements at a chosen position in a series of dynamicimages that had been recorded by a time-lapse video system wasdetermined in terms of standard error of brightness changeswith a gray scale level. Using this new method and microscopy we could distinguish 3different regions during mitosis in terms of organelle movementpatterns. Organelles located outside of the nucleus were inmovement until the nucleolus disappeared at prophase, whereasorganelles in the boundary region between the nucleus and cytoplasmbecame active after prophase. The organelles located outsidethe nucleus again began to move rapidly after chromosome separation.The nuclear pole region showed movement throughout mitosis. ³ Present address: Tbaraki Satellite Communication Center, KokusaiDenshin Denwa Co. Ltd., Takahagi, Ibaraki 318, Japan. ⁴ Present address: Biology Department, Faculty of Science, TokyoMetropolitan University, Fukazawa, Tokyo 158, Japan. (Received September 3, 1982; Accepted December 23, 1982)     

Movements and Habitat Use of an Endangered Snake,Hoplocephalus bungaroides (Elapidae): Implications for Conservation

A detailed understanding of how extensively animals move through the landscape, and the habitat features upon which they rely, can identify conservation priorities and thus inform management planning. For many endangered species, information on habitat use either is sparse, or is based upon studies from a small part of the species’ range. The broad-headed snake (Hoplocephalus bungaroides) is restricted to a specialized habitat (sandstone outcrops and nearby forests) within a small geographic range in south-eastern Australia. Previous research on this endangered taxon was done at a single site in the extreme south of the species’ geographic range. We captured and radio-tracked 9 adult broad-headed snakes at sites in the northern part of the species’ distribution, to evaluate the generality of results from prior studies, and to identify critical habitat components for this northern population. Snakes spent most of winter beneath sun-warmed rocks then shifted to tree hollows in summer. Thermal regimes within retreat-sites support the hypothesis that this shift is thermally driven. Intervals between successive displacements were longer than in the southern snakes but dispersal distances per move and home ranges were similar. Our snakes showed non-random preferences both in terms of macrohabitat (e.g., avoidance of some vegetation types) and microhabitat (e.g., frequent use of hollow-bearing trees). Despite many consistencies, the ecology of this species differs enough between southern and northern extremes of its range that managers need to incorporate information on local features to most effectively conserve this threatened reptile.     

植物的番茄红素及影响其形成的生理因素

介绍了植物番茄红素的研究历史、生理功能、自然界分布、稳定性和提取方法及生物合成方面的研究进展,重点介绍番茄红素在植物中的生物合成.     

优质牧草旋扭山绿豆对低温胁迫的生理响应及其耐寒性快速鉴定

为了解旋扭山绿豆(Desmodium intortum)对低温的耐受性,以在南方各省广泛种植的优质牧草紫花大翼豆(Macroptilium atropurureum)为对照,研究了旋扭山绿豆对低温胁迫的生理响应。结果表明,低温胁迫(4℃)下,旋扭山绿豆的实际光能转化效率(Yield)和光合电子传递效率(ETR)在第2～8天时下降幅度显著低于紫花大翼豆(P0.05)。低温处理使旋扭山绿豆和紫花大翼豆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著增加(P0.05);过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性则显著降低;旋扭山绿豆的过氧化物酶(POD)没有显著变化(P0.05),但紫花大翼豆下降了47.11%。低温处理下旋扭山绿豆游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量显著高于紫花大翼豆(P0.05)。回归分析、抵抗力指数和营养成分分析表明,旋扭山绿豆是一种抗寒性与营养价值均优于紫花大翼豆的优良牧草,其中Yield、ETR、CAT与渗透调节物质(游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖)可以作为旋扭山绿豆耐寒性鉴定的重要生理指标。     

D-核糖生产菌株的生长形态变化及快速记录方法

细胞形态和变化是微生物发酵过程中细胞生长和代谢产物合成速率的重要表征因素,该研究以微生物发酵生产D-核糖为研究体系,采用生物显微镜,图形采集器,图形采集软件等,建立了微生物发酵过程中细胞的形态和变化的快速记录方法,并用此方法观察D-核糖生产菌株的生长形态变化。     

Behavioral and Physiological Changes during Benthic-Pelagic Transition in the Harmful Alga,Heterosigma akashiwo: Potential for Rapid Bloom Formation

Many species of harmful algae transition between a motile, vegetative stage in the water column and a non-motile, resting stage in the sediments. Physiological and behavioral traits expressed during benthic-pelagic transition potentially regulate the timing, location and persistence of blooms. The roles of key physiological and behavioral traits involved in resting cell emergence and bloom formation were examined in two geographically distinct strains of the harmful alga, Heterosigma akashiwo. Physiological measures of cell viability, division and population growth, and cell fatty acid content were made using flow cytometry and gas chromatography – mass spectrometry techniques as cells transitioned between the benthic resting stage and the vegetative pelagic stage. Video-based tracking was used to quantify cell-level swimming behaviors. Data show increased temperature and light triggered rapid emergence from the resting stage and initiated cell swimming. Algal strains varied in important physiological and behavioral traits, including survivorship during life-stage transitions, population growth rates and swimming velocities. Collectively, these traits function as “population growth strategies” that can influence bloom formation. Many resting cells regained the up-swimming capacity necessary to cross an environmentally relevant halocline and the ability to aggregate in near-surface waters within hours after vegetative growth supporting conditions were restored. Using a heuristic model, we illustrate how strain-specific population growth strategies can govern the timescales over which H. akashiwo blooms form. Our findings highlight the need for identification and quantification of strain-specific physiological and behavioral traits to improve mechanistic understanding of bloom formation and successful bloom prediction.