PAI—2及其突变体的生物化学性质

为研究和比较纤深酶原激活剂抑制物２型（ｐｌａｓｍｉｎｏｇｅｎ ａｃｔｉｖａｏｒ ｉｎｈｉｂｉｔｏｒ ｔｙｐｅ ２,ＰＡＩ－２）及其突变体的生物化学性质,用ＰＣＲ、体外定点突变技术构建ＰＡＩ－２突变体ＰＡＩ－２ＣＤ和ＰＡＩ－２ＱｃＤＮＡ,将突变体ｃＤＮＡ与原核表达载体重组并转化怕杆菌。经诱导表达,ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ证实表达出相应蛋白质,均占全菌总蛋白的１４％。Ｗｅｔｅｒｎ印迹、溶圈抑制及纤维蛋白翻转板     

半衰期延长获得PAI－1抗性的t—PA突变体的构建、表达及特性分析

用基因重级及定位突变技术成功地构建了ｔ－ＰＡ的Ｋ１区缺失突变体ｔ－ＰＡｄｅｌＫ１、ＰＡＩ－１结合位点缺失突变体ｔ－ＰＡｄｅｌ（２９６－３０２）及两的组合突变全ｔ－ＰＡｄｅｌ（Ｋ１,２９６－３０２）,并在ＣＯＳ－７细胞中实现三的暂时性表达,在ＣＨＯ细胞中实现了ｔ－ＰＡｄｅｌ（Ｋ１,２９６－３０２）的稳定性表达。对表达产物的生物学特性分析表明,ｔ－ＰＡｄｅｌ（２９６－３０２）及ｔ－ＰＡｄｅｌ（Ｋ１     

人组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（t—PA）突变体FrGGI的构建,表达及特性…

为了获得半衰期延长,特异活性提高及具有ＰＡＩ－１抗性的新型ｔ－ＰＡ溶性剂,利用基因重组及定位突变技术构建了ｔ－ＰＡ的Ｋ１、Ｋ２区糖基化位点消除,ＰＡＩ－１结合位点缺失,Ｆ与Ｅ区连接序列Ｈｉｓ４４￣Ｓｅｒ５０置换为纤粘蛋白Ｉ型Ｆ区间连接序列Ｇｌｕ Ｓｅｒ Ｌｙｓ Ｐｒｏ Ｇｌｕ Ａｌａ Ｇｌｕ Ｇｌｕ的ｔ－ＰＡ组合突变体ＦｒＧＧＩ,并在中国仓鼠卵巢细胞中获得了高效表达,对表达产物的生物学特性分析表明     

人组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（t－PA）突变体FrGGI的构建、表达及特性分析

为了获得半衰期延长,特异活性提高及具有ＰＡＬ－１抗性的新型ｔ－ＰＡ溶栓剂,利用基因重组及定位突变技术构建了ｔ－ＰＡ的Ｋ１、Ｋ２区糖基化位点消除,ＰＡＩ－１结合位点缺失,Ｆ与Ｅ区连接序列Ｈｉｓ４４～Ｓｅｒ５０置换为纤粘蛋白Ⅰ型Ｆ区间连接序列ＧｌｕＳｅｒＬｙｓＰｒｏＧｌｕＡｌａＧｌｕＧｌｕ的ｔ－ＰＡ组合突变体ＦｒＧＧＩ,并在中国仓鼠卵巢细胞中获得了高效表达。对表达产物的生物学特性分析表明,ＦｒＧＧＩ在大鼠血浆中的半衰期延长了１５倍,并获得了ＰＡＩ－１抗性,是一株很有希望的新型溶栓剂候选株。     

u-PA/t-PA嵌合型纤溶酶原激活剂(ut-PA)的构建、表达、纯化和性质研究

将尿激酶原（ｐｒｏ－ＵＫ）ｃＤＮＡ和组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（ｔ－ＰＡ）Ａ链ｃＤＮＡ克隆到Ｍ１３ｍｐ１８中,经过二次寡核甘酸诱导的大片段定点删除和一次寡核苷酸诱导的多位点突变,得到ｕ－ＰＡ（Ｌｅｕ１４４－Ｇｌｙ４０８）／ｔ－ＰＡ（Ｓｅｒ１－Ｔｈｒ２６３）（ｕｔ－ＰＡ）融合基因．将ｕｔ－ＰＡ融合基因克隆到表达载体ｐＣＭ－βｎｅｏ中,与ｐＣＭ－ｄｈｆｒ共转染ＣＨＯ／ＤＨＦＲ－细胞,筛选稳定表达株．收集无血清表达上清,经苯甲脒柱纯化得到ｕｔ－ＰＡ纯品,ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和纤维蛋白自显影显示ｕｔ－ＰＡ有两种分子量形式,分子量分别为６８ｋＤ和６１ｋＤ．纤维蛋白亲和性试验表明,ＬＵＫ（低分子量尿激酶）对纤维蛋白没有亲和性,而含有ＬＵＫ的ｕｔ－ＰＡ则对纤维蛋白表现出很强的亲和性,但ｕｔ－ＰＡ的亲和性略低于亲本ｔ－ＰＡ．     

组织型纤溶酶原激活剂A链与尿激酶原B链嵌合分子的构建与表达

利用 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 重组技术和定位删除技术,将组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（ｔ Ｐ Ａ）的 Ａ 链（ Ｓｅｒｌ Ｔｈｒ２６３）基因与尿激酶原（ｐｒｏ Ｕ Ｋ）的 Ｂ链（ Ｓｅｒ１３８ Ｌｅｕ４１１）基因相连,得到嵌合分子基因ｔｕ ｐａ,并在昆虫杆状病毒系统中进行表达,表达量可达 ５００ Ｉ Ｕ／ｍ ｌ．经单克隆抗体免疫亲和层析纯化细胞表达上清液,得到ｔｕ Ｐ Ａ 嵌合分子,其比活为 ２００ ０００ Ｉ Ｕ／ｍ ｇ 蛋白． Ｓ Ｄ Ｓ Ｐ Ａ Ｇ Ｅ 及 Ｗ ｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ 鉴定证明此表达产物分子量约为 ６０ ｋ Ｄ,与预期值相符．纤维蛋白平板测活及纤维蛋白亲和性分析初步证明,此嵌合分子的溶纤活性与ｐｒｏ Ｕ Ｋ 相近,而纤维蛋白亲和性高于 ｐｒｏ Ｕ Ｋ．     

纤溶酶原激活物抑制因子－1突变体E350G，E351K的构建及性质研究

利用ＰＣＲ扩增和合成突变引物的方法,将ＰＡＬ－１的Ｇｌｕ３５０和Ｇｌｕ３５１分别突变为Ｇｌｙ和Ｌｙｓ,在大肠杆菌中表达并分离纯化突变体ＰＡＬ－１（Ｅ３５０Ｇ,Ｅ３５１Ｋ）,用盐酸胍激活并以ＥＬＩＳＡ法确定它与野生型ｒＰＡＩ－１的相对含量。通过对ｕ－ＰＡ,ｔ－ＰＡ抑制的动力学研究表明,突变体与野生型ｒＰＡＩ－１相比,对ｕ－ＰＡ和ｔ－ＰＡ的抑制活性都有明显下降,由活性态向潜伏态转变的半寿期也由０．８３ｈ缩短为０．５７ｈ。     

凝血酶激活的单链尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂的构建、表达、纯化和性质研究

用Ｋｕｎｋｅｌ突变法,将单链尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂（ｓｃｕ－ＰＡ）ｃＤＮＡ基因中编码Ｐｒｏ１５５—Ｌｙｓ１５８的片段定点突变,并将此突变的ｓｃｕ－ＰＡ（ｔｓｃｕ－ＰＡ）的ｃＤＮＡ克隆到表达载体ｐＣＭ－β－ｎｅｏ中,与ｐＣＭ－ｄｈｆｒ共转染ＣＨＯ／ＤＨＦＲ－细胞．获得的稳定表达株在无血清培养基中２４ｈ的表达量为６２０ＩＵ／１０６细胞．经锌离子螯合Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ亲和层析得到ｔｓｃｕ－ＰＡ纯品．ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ显示ｔｓｃｕ－ＰＡ分子量为５３ｋＤ左右,与预期的结果相符．ｔｓｃｕ－ＰＡ是由凝血酶激活而不是由纤溶酶激活,但激活后也能转变为双链分子（ｔｃｕ－ＰＡ）．ｔｓｃｕ－ＰＡ仍保持了ｓｃｕ－ＰＡ的血纤维蛋白亲和性．酶动力学研究表明,激活后的ｔｓｃｕ－ＰＡ水解Ｓ２４４４的Ｋｍ和Ｋｃａｔ值与高分子量尿激酶（ＨＵＫ）相似．体外溶栓实验结果表明,ｔｓｃｕ－ＰＡ可以选择性地溶解富含凝血酶的血凝块,对贫凝血酶的血凝块作用不大     

SDS－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳纤维蛋白自显影法检测不同分子量的纤溶酶原激活剂

ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ）纤维蛋白显影方法是经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ将不同分子量的纤溶酶原激活剂（ＰＡ）分开,然后再转溶纤维蛋白板使之产生溶带而检测ＰＡ物质活性及分子大小的方法。此法与Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹方法比具有检测更简便、灵敏、快速的特点,且是活性检测,但其分子量分析精度不如Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹法。本研究用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ纤维蛋白自显影方法对本室表达的重组组织型－ｐＡ（ｒｔ－ＰＡ）及突变体Ｎｌｌ７Ｑ／Ｎｌ８４Ｑ／△（Ｋ２９６——Ｇ３０２）及标准尿激酶（ＵＫ）和ｒｔ－ＰＡ进行了分析鉴定。     

精制溶栓酶对家兔血浆t－PA和PAI的影响

精制溶栓酶对家兔血浆ｔ－ＰＡ和ＰＡＩ的影响雷丹青广西医科大学蛇毒研究所南宁５３００２１纤溶系统是机体阻止血栓形成的屏障,ｔ－ＰＡ（纤溶酶原激活剂）是纤溶系统的关键物质,ｔ－ＰＡ对纤维蛋白原有极高的亲和力,它能选择性的激活血凝块中的纤溶酶原生成纤溶酶,...     

Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) production by human fibroblasts using a bioreactor with t-PA adsorption column

Production of t-PA by human embryonic lung fibroblasts, IMR-90 cells, is regulated by negative feedback control. The increase in the concentration of the extracellular t-PA lead to a reduction of the production. Therefore, we investigated the application of t-PA adsorption column to ceramic bed reactor to promote t-PA production. Amberlite XAD-8 was selected out as an adsorbent, because it is autoclavable and can adsorb 32,000 IU of t-PA per g wet gel. The t-PA adsorption column was located in the medium recirculation line to the vessel. On the other hand, medium was recirculated between the ceramic bed reactor and the vessel using another flow line. The bioreactor system with the adsorption column was about 2.5 times higher with the resulting cumulative t-PA than that without the adsorption column.     

Redesigning t-PA for improved thrombolytic therapy.

Attempts are being made to redesign the structure of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) in order to increase its plasma half-life, increase its fibrin affinity or decrease its rate of interaction with plasma inhibitors. The principal strategies employed so far have been to construct hybrid enzymes, to mutate the polypeptide sequence of t-PA or to add extra fibrin-binding elements. It has been relatively easy to alter the half-life of t-PA but more difficult to do this with retention of the full specific activity of the molecule; the most promising molecules will have to be evaluated in the clinic before we know whether the redesign of t-PA has been truly successful.     

里氏木霉重组t-PA的酶性质的研究

利用分光光度计对里氏木霉重组t-PA的性质进行了研究,结果表明该酶对高温较为敏感,60℃酶完全失活;在pH6.4~7.6范围内,作用时间的长短对酶活力影响不大,保持较大的酶活;Zn2+和Fe3+离子对其有抑制的作用,Mg2+、Ca2+、Cu2+、Fe2+、Mn2+、Na+、K+对酶有激活的作用。     

t-PA昆虫细胞表达及特性分析

应用RT-PCR技术,从人黑色素瘤Bowes细胞株中扩增出人组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(tissue-typeplasminogenactivator,t-PA)cDNA。序列分析证实,与国外的报道完全一致。将含完整阅读框架的人t-PAcDNA克隆至昆虫细胞表达转移载体pBacPAK8中,获得重组质粒pBac-tPA。应用脂质体共转染法,将pBactPA和线性化杆状病毒BacPAK6DNA共转染Tn-5B-1昆虫细胞。经空斑筛选获得11株重组病毒。经PCR鉴定与生物活性测定,获得一株高效表达t-PA的重组病毒BactPA3。在含胎牛血清的培养基中,t-PA表达活性在感染(MOI≈10)后72h左右达到最高,为3.04×103IU／ml,即相当于1.8×104IU／106细胞;在无血清培养基中,t-PA最高表达水平相差不大,但时间为感染后132h左右。经SDS-PAGE纤维蛋白自显影分析,分子量为68kda左右。与从人黑色素瘤细胞培养液中提纯的天然t-PA相比,其受纤维蛋白原激活的特性、和纤维蛋白的亲和力及在血浆中的失活速率基本相同。表达的t-PA在血液循环中的半衰期为7min。     

Conformational similarities between one-chain and two-chain tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA): implications to the activation mechanism on one-chain t-PA.

Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is an exceptional serine protease, because unlike most other serine protease zymogens single-chain tissue plasminogen activator (sct-PA) possesses a substantial amount of proteolytic activity. The unusual reaction of sct-PA afforded the opportunity to directly compare the active site environment of sct-PA and two-chain tissue plasminogen activator (tct-PA) in solution through the application of a series of nitroxide spin labels and fluorophores. These labels, which have been previously shown to covalently label the catalytic serine of other serine proteases, inactivated both sct-PA and tct-PA. The labels can be divided into two classes: those which form tetrahedral complexes (sulfonates) and those which form trigonal complexes (anthranilates). Those which formed tetrahedral complexes were found to be insensitive to structural differences between sct-PA and tct-PA at the active site. In contrast, those which formed trigonal complexes could differentiate and monitor the sct-PA to tct-PA conversion by fluorescence spectroscopy. Models of the structure of sct-PA and tct-PA were constructed on the basis of the known X-ray structures of other serine protease zymogen and active enzyme forms. One of the nitroxide spin labels was modeled into the sct-PA and tct-PA structures in two possible orientations, both of which could be sensitive to structural differences between sct-PA and tct-PA. These models formed the structural rationale used to explain the results obtained with the "tetrahedral" and "trigonal" probes, as well as to offer a possible explanation for the unique reactivity of sct-PA.     

t—PA昆虫细胞表达及特性分析

With the RT-PCR technique, human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) cDNA was amplified from human melanoma cells. The sequence was proved to be the same as those reported by foreign researchers. The t-PA cDNA containing whole reading frame was inserted into the transfer vector pBacPAK8. The constructed pBac-tPA and the linear BacPAK6 virus DNA were cotransfected with Tn-5B-1 insect cells by lipofectin-mediated transfection method. Eleven pure recombinant viruses were isolated by plaque assay, and one of them, nominated BactPA3, was selected by PCR identification and biological activity comparison. The t-PA activity expressed in serum-containing media reach the highest level at 72 h postinfection. The activity was 3.04 x 10(3) IU/ml, e.g. 1.8 x 10(4) IU/10(6) cells. The highest expression level in serum-free media was almost the same, but needed more time (at 132 h postinfection). SDS-PAGE fibrin autography showed that the molecular weight of the expressed t-PA was about 68 kDa. Its stimulation by fibrinogen, affinity with fibrin and inactivation in plasma were almost the same as the native t-PA purified from human melanoma cell culture. The half-life of t-PA expressed in serum-free media was seven minutes.     

组织型纤溶酶原激活剂cDNA表达质粒的构建及其在CHO细胞中的表达

人组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)cDNA克隆片段。采用两种方式构建成真核表达质粒。第一:切除t-PA3＇端非编码区序列后插入SR启动子和SV_(40)晚期Poly(A)终止信号之间,形成pMGZ6001质粒;第二:将3＇端部分切除并带有Poly(A)加尾信号的t-PA片段插入由金属硫蛋白MT启动子调控的载体中,分别组建成含大T抗原与不含大T抗原的两个表达质粒pMGZ6002和pMGZ6003。这三种质粒用磷酸钙共沉淀法和电穿孔法转染CHO-dhfr细胞,阳性克隆细胞均能合成并分泌rt-PA。其分子量约68kD,并能与t-PA单克隆抗体特异结合,溶解纤维蛋白。阳性克隆经MTX选择培养扩增基因,培液中rt-PA表达水平可达3000IU/(10~6细胞·48h)。     

Structure and function of human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA)

Full-length tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) cDNA served to construct deletion mutants within the N-terminal "heavy" (H)-chain of the t-PA molecule. The H-chain cDNA consists of an array of structural domains homologous to domains present on other plasma proteins ("finger," "epidermal growth factor," "kringles"). These structural domains have been located on an exon or a set of exons. The endpoints of the deletions nearly coincide with exon-intron junctions of the chromosomal t-PA gene. Recombinant t-PA deletion mutant proteins were obtained after transient expression in mouse Ltk- cells, transfected with SV40-pBR322-derived t-PA cDNA plasmids. It is demonstrated that the serine protease moiety of t-PA and its substrate specificity for plasminogen is entirely contained within the C-terminal "light" (L)-chain of the protein. The presence of cDNA, encoding the t-PA signal peptide preceding the remaining portion of t-PA, suffices to achieve secretion of (mutant) t-PA into the medium. The stimulatory effect of fibrin on the plasminogen activator activity of t-PA was shown to be mediated by the kringle K2 domain and, to a lesser extent, by the finger domain. The other domains on the H-chain, kringle K1, and the epidermal growth-factor-like domain, do not contribute to this property of t-PA. These findings correlate well with the fibrin-binding properties of the rt-PA deletion-mutant proteins, indicating that stimulation of the activity is based on aligning of the substrate plasminogen and its enzyme t-PA on the fibrin matrix. The primary target for endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) is located within the L-chain of t-PA. Deleting specific segments of t-PA H-chain cDNA and subsequent transient expression in mouse Ltk- cells of t-PA deletion-mutant proteins did not affect the formation of a stable complex between mutant t-PA and PAI.     

里氏木霉306产t-PA固态发酵条件的研究

对基因工程菌株里氏木霉(Trichodermareesei)306生物合成组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)的固态发酵培养基成分和发酵条件进行了研究;分析了发酵过程中t-PA的生成、总糖的消耗和菌体生长的规律。在优化的固体发酵条件下,t-PA的最大酶活是924.63IU/g干重培养基,较初始条件下提高了5倍。通过浅盘进行了放大实验,最大酶活为983.64IU/g干重培养基,t-PA合成速率为:13.66IU/g干重培养基.h,较三角瓶固态发酵最高产酶提高了6.38%,产酶速率提高了24.07%。