人-人杂交瘤

一种生产人一人杂交瘤方法的专利授予陆军附属的Mayo医院的R.E.Ritts。大多数杂交瘤都是由人和鼠的细胞融合而成的,但人一人杂交瘤却有其独到之处。     

资阳人

正1949年新中国成立,国家建设百废俱兴,政务院(现国务院)决定修建成渝铁路。1950年6月15日,修建成渝铁路工程正式开工。9月初,资阳铁路段开始破土动工。到11月下旬,负责该路段工程的解放军第四总队的官兵们先后在资阳莲花山处发掘出脊椎动物化石等标本60余件。消息很快传到西南军政委员会文教部,文教部向西南军政委员会作了及时汇报。时任中共中央西南局第一书记、西南军政委员会副主席、西南军区政委的邓小平同志组织召开了相关人员的全体大会,在会议后作出了两项决议:     

疍家人

<正>雷州半岛地处粤西,特殊的地理环境和资源养育了一个特殊的群体——蛋家人。蛋家人,蛋民,又称水上居民,他们浮海泛舟、以水为伴、以舟为家、以渔为业。压迫歧视历史上的蛋民社会地位极低,不许登岸,不得陆居,死后不得葬陆,不准穿新衣、鞋袜上街;不准与陆上人通婚,不准将棺材抬过陆上人村前,不准到陆上人的寺庙参神拜佛,婚嫁等宴席不准设在陆上人的祠堂、庙宇,不收水上子弟入学读书等。     

人必先自尊,而后人尊之

中国有句古语:人必先自侮,而后人侮之。其实反过来可能也是一样的。要把一件事情做好,自己必须首先相信这件事情通过努力是一定能够做好的,然后是作出必要的努力。     

美国人计划给人进行基因治疗

一个科学家小组上周请求美国主管遗传工程安全事务的监护人允许将一个合成基因导入人体。它的发起人说:给政府检查人员介绍的第一次人体试验是一次“演习”。这程序将不治疗疾病,但是,它将试验把外源基因插入人体的方法。它也将有助于逐渐地缓和将有争论的技术应用到实际的争议。主要的实验发起人——W·French Anderson 和必须审查该提案的国家卫生研究院正尝试期待非议。上周,Anderson 将十公斤左右的文件呈递给 NIH 的重组 DNA 咨询委员会时     

看山人

天目山是50年前新中国第一批保护区之一。与那些远离城市连绵上万平方公里的保护区相比,这个靠近都市仅区区40多平方公里的袖珍型保护区,自建立之后它的历代看山人遇到了一系列相同寻常的挑战。[编者按]     

熊猫和人

疾飞的箭雨中迈着跟跄的脚步,刀斧的旋风中退出蛰居的幽谷,活化石,从第四纪冰川遗存的熊猫却没有逃脱人类的追捕4|退出长江,退出黄河,退出缅甸l印支北部,一直龟缩到川西北峥嵘的大山中,与世无争,成为隐士,竹海落户,.生物史,该用多少惊双号,写下这令人揪心的一幕:…接看,该用一连串问号,问胜利对于人类为什么这样严酷:问银盘似的月亮为何被烟尘染黑?问迷人钓管弦为何在噪音中沉没?间风砂为什么成为春天的使臣?问江河为什么成大鱼虾的坟墓?中国,毅然划出一片片自然保护区,厚文明史之中的悲剧在地图上一个个何夸今结束,…受探护的权仅是熊猫吗,…     

柳江人

柳江人是四、五万年前的人类祖先,属旧石器时代晚期的人类。他们很早就在柳江流域劳动、生活着。说起柳江人的发现史,话就长了。那是在1958年9月中旬,工人们在距柳州市东南十六公里的新兴农场的通天岩洞中挖掘岩泥时,在离洞口18米处偶然发现一个完整的人的头骨化石(缺下颌骨),接着再进十米又发现了人的四个胸椎、五个腰椎、骶骨、右髋骨和左右股骨各一段。大量的哺乳动物化石也在这里出土。消息传开后,中国科学院的研究人员赶到现场,在农场场长李殿同志引导下,对通天洞作了考察。人化石送到北京后,经著名的人类学家吴汝康的研究,发表了题为《广西柳江发现的人类化石》的重要论文,从此柳江人的声誉传四海。柳江人头骨有许多特点证明他属于黄种人,如他的脸面部、鼻梁和嘴部的突出程度与现代黄种人一致,硬腭大小中等,上门齿舌面呈铲形,他的年龄虽已超过四十岁,但是第三臼齿仍未长出来,这些在现代黄种人     

宝天曼人

中原大地,藏龙卧虎,南阳古城,英才辈出。从博学的张衡,到睿智的诸葛先生,从妙手回春的张仲景,到豪迈大气的岑参,无数英雄才俊,代代墨客骚人,指点历史苍穹,吟罢江山如画,在南阳这片热土上,尽放炫目光彩,“江山代有才人出,各领风骚数百年”。而今,不再是英雄,不再是豪杰,有的只是普通的劳动者,洒着艰辛的汗水,怀着对未来的希望,在平凡中耕耘,秀美青山,快乐人生正是从这汗水和辛劳中孕育出来的。真可谓“水钟灵秀,山毓雄浑,南阳具荆秦特色;民尚忠诚,士崇道义,北楚存汉魏遗风”。     

Delineation of Interfaces on Human Alpha-Defensins Critical for Human Adenovirus and Human Papillomavirus Inhibition

Human α-defensins are potent anti-microbial peptides with the ability to neutralize bacterial and viral targets. Single alanine mutagenesis has been used to identify determinants of anti-bacterial activity and binding to bacterial proteins such as anthrax lethal factor. Similar analyses of α-defensin interactions with non-enveloped viruses are limited. We used a comprehensive set of human α-defensin 5 (HD5) and human neutrophil peptide 1 (HNP1) alanine scan mutants in a combination of binding and neutralization assays with human adenovirus (AdV) and human papillomavirus (HPV). We have identified a core of critical hydrophobic residues that are common determinants for all of the virus-defensin interactions that were analyzed, while specificity in viral recognition is conferred by specific surface-exposed charged residues. The hydrophobic residues serve multiple roles in maintaining the tertiary and quaternary structure of the defensins as well as forming an interface for virus binding. Many of the important solvent-exposed residues of HD5 group together to form a critical surface. However, a single discrete binding face was not identified for HNP1. In lieu of whole AdV, we used a recombinant capsid subunit comprised of penton base and fiber in quantitative binding studies and determined that the anti-viral potency of HD5 was a function of stoichiometry rather than affinity. Our studies support a mechanism in which α-defensins depend on hydrophobic and charge-charge interactions to bind at high copy number to these non-enveloped viruses to neutralize infection and provide insight into properties that guide α-defensin anti-viral activity.     

Locations of a Human Satellite DNA in Human Chromosomes

USING techniques for DNA/RNA or DNA/DNA hybridization in situ, Pardue and Gall¹ and Jones² made several significant discoveries on the chromosomal locations of the mouse satellite DNA: (1) this fraction of DNA is found in all chromosomes except the Y, (2) the cytological location of the satellite DNA is limited to the centromeric region of each chromosome and is probably absent in other regions and (3) the centromeric regions of all mouse chromosomes are hetero-chromatic.     

Strain-Specific Neutralization of Human Cytomegalovirus Isolates by Human Sera

Induction of an effective antibody response against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an important defense mechanism since it is potentially capable of neutralizing infectious viruses. We have analyzed the extent of HCMV strain-specific neutralization capacity in human sera. Nine recent HCMV isolates and their corresponding sera were investigated in cross-neutralization assays. We observed differences, independent of the overall neutralization capacity, in the 50% neutralization titers of the sera against individual strains, differences that ranged from 8-fold to more than 60-fold. For one isolate, complete resistance to neutralization by two human sera was observed. The neutralization capacity of human sera was not influenced by the presence of various concentrations (up to 100-fold excess) of noninfectious envelope glycoproteins, an inherent contamination of virus preparations from recent HCMV isolates. This indicated that the decisive parameter for neutralization is the titer of the neutralizing antibodies and that neutralization is largely independent of the concentration of virus. Analysis with transplant patients revealed that during primary infection strain-specific and strain-common antibodies are produced asynchronously. Thus, our data demonstrate that the induction of strain-specific neutralizing antibodies is a common event during infection with HCMV and that it might have important implications for the course of the infection and the development of anti-HCMV vaccines.     

Adsorption of Human Papillomavirus 16 to Live Human Sperm

Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a diverse group of viruses that infect the skin and mucosal tissues of humans. A high-risk subgroup of HPVs is associated with virtually all cases of cervical cancer [1]–[3]. High-risk HPVs are transmitted sexually; however, the exact mechanisms by which sexual contact promotes virus infection remain uncertain. To study this question we asked whether capsids of HPV type 16 (a high-risk HPV) specifically interact with sperm cells. We tested if purified HPV16 virions directly adsorb to live human sperm cells in native semen and in conditions that resemble the female genital tract. We found that HPV16 capsids bind efficiently to two distinct sites at the equatorial region of the sperm head surface. Moreover, we observed that the interaction of virus with sperm can be reduced by two HPV infection inhibitors, heparin and carrageenan. Our findings suggest that 1) sperm cells may serve as motile carriers that promote virus dispersal and mucosal penetration, and 2) blocking interactions between HPV16 and sperm cells may be an important strategy for the development of antiviral therapies.     

人体微生态系统与人类宏基因组计划

介绍了微生态系统的基本概念和人体基本的微生态系统,阐述了其对人类的意义;介绍了人类宏基因组计划基本知识和研究方法.     

Human evolution

The origin, history, and singularity of our species has fascinated storytellers, philosophers and scientists throughout, and doubtless before, recorded history. Anthropology, the modern-era discipline that deals with these issues, is a notoriously contentious field, perhaps because the topic at hand – the nature of our own species – is one that is difficult or impossible to approach in an unbiased way. Recently, molecular genetics has increasingly contributed to this field. Here, I briefly discuss three areas where I believe molecular studies are likely to be of decisive importance in the future. These concern the questions of where and when our species originated, what the genetic background for characters that differ between us and apes is, and how the phenotypic traits that vary among human groups have evolved.