拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)氮、碳离子注入诱变效应分析

采用N +、C +离子注入拟南芥 (Arabidopsisthaliana)种子 ,统计了种子的发芽指数 (发芽率和发芽势 ) ;用改良的RAPD技术对N+离子注入种子植株的DNA进行11个引物的随机片段多态性扩增。结果表明 ,合适剂量的N+、C+离子注入可使种子发芽率提高 ,两种离子注入种子的发芽率峰值 (分别为92.3 %和74.4 % )都在5×1014ions/cm2;分析N +离子注入材料发现 ,在1×1013 -1×1016ions/cm2剂量范围内 ,基因组DNA的变异率与发芽指数的变化趋势基本一致 ,变异率峰值 (9.0 % )在1×1015 ions/cm2。结果提示 ,分析低能N+离子诱变效应的最佳注入剂量在1×1014-5×1015 ions/cm2。对N+、C+离子注入的比较发现 ,一定范围内同等剂量C+离子注入的诱变率高于N +离子注入     

羊草种子休眠机制及破除方法研究

羊草种子休眠程度深、发芽率低是限制栽培利用的重要因子.采用不同破除羊草种子休眠的方法,测定各处理对种子萌发的影响,以探索破除羊草种子休眠的有效途径.结果显示:(1)刺破种皮的裸种子较完整种子的萌发率、吸水速率、生活力分别由对照的6%、63%、0%显著增加到60%、86%、94%.(2)完整羊草种子分别用清水浸种1 d、30% NaOH浸种80 min、清水浸种1 d后用30% NaOH浸种60min其萌发率由6%分别显著提高到36%、60%、84%,而各浓度赤霉素处理完整种子其萌发率较对照均无显著变化. (3)采用清水浸种1 d后用30% NaOH处理60 min,再施加200 μg/g GA3综合处理,可使羊草完整种子的发芽率由6%提高到91%,接近其种子生活力94%.研究表明,羊草种子的稃与种皮不影响种子水分的吸收,但影响种子对GA3的吸收、不同程度地阻碍大分子物质的渗入、限制羊草种子内部萌发抑制物的渗出,从而引起种子休眠;分析认为稃和种皮以及种子内部萌发抑制物质是引起羊草种子休眠的主要原因.     

离子注入介导麻黄和甘草总DNA转化苜蓿的初步研究

目的:探索离子注入介导麻黄和甘草总DNA转化苜蓿的方法与效果。方法:氩离子(Ar )注入介导麻黄和甘草总DNA在2个品种的苜蓿中转化,对种子发育正常的T1代苜蓿单株进行生物碱类、黄酮类和皂苷类物质进行定性检识。结果:苜蓿种子经离子注入介导转基因处理后,T1代结荚率很低,复合DNA处理的183和283的结荚率分别为6.40%和8.33%,正常发育的种子分别为2.40%和5.83%。获得了种子发育良好的苜蓿T1代单株50株,其中6个单株根或茎的天然产物定性检识呈阳性。结论:Ar 注入介导外源DNA大分子的转化对苜蓿种子的发育具有很大影响,获得的转基因苜蓿T1代种子,为进一步开展相关化学证据和分子证据的研究提供了宝贵的材料。     

两种配比的控释肥对杭白菊养分吸收和生长效应的影响

利用盆栽试验研究两种不同配比的控释复合肥CRFA（4%树脂包膜,N∶P₂O₅∶K₂O为14∶14∶14）和CRFB（4%树脂包膜,N∶P₂O₅∶K₂O为20∶8∶10）及普通复合肥CCF（N∶P₂O₅∶K₂O为15∶15∶15）对杭白菊营养吸收和生长效应的影响.结果表明：普通复合肥CCF1（每盆6 g氮素用量的CCF）和CCF2（每盆3 g氮素用量的CCF）施入土壤后30 d,土壤中碱解氮、有效磷、有效钾含量分别为163.29和145.26 mg·kg^-1、180.39和163.13 mg·kg^-1、300.08 和213.15 mg·kg^-1,而后迅速下降.控释复合肥养分释放较慢,其土壤碱解氮含量在施肥后缓慢升高,在施肥后60 d达到高峰,此时CRFA1（每盆6 g氮素用量的CRFA）、CRFB1（每盆6 g氮素用量的CRFB）、CRFA2（每盆3 g氮素用量的CRFA）、CRFB2（每盆3 g氮素用量的CRFB）分别为129.51、138.65、118.36、126.31 mg·kg^-1;CRFA1和CRFA2处理土壤有效磷含量与CCF处理变化趋势基本一致,施肥后30 d分别达到169.54和133.46 mg·kg^-1,CRFB1和CRFB2处理在施肥后60 d左右达到释放高峰,含量分别为137.13和84.68 mg·kg^-1,然后缓慢下降.两种不同养分配比的控释复合肥处理植株叶面积、叶面积系数、分枝数、开花率、每株花数、鲜花直径等农艺性状均明显优于等氮素用量的普通复合肥处理,其中CRFB控释效果优于CRFA,其更符合杭白菊对养分的需求,且在本试验条件下,CRFB2处理产量最高.     

低能离子注入诱变选育高产虾青素红法夫酵母突变株

红法夫酵母(Phaffia rhodozyma)是发酵法生产虾青素的优良菌株。采用低能氩离子注入、紫外线复合诱变处理,选育到一株高产虾青素的红法夫酵母突变株G993。在优化条件下,该菌株摇瓶发酵的生物量、虾青素产量和虾青素含量分别为17.15 g/L、13 206μg/L和770.0μg/g干菌体,较出发菌株分别提高45.34%、271.5%和155.6%。在1吨发酵罐放大实验中,该菌株生物量为26.04 g/L,虾青素产量达到20 041μg/L。菌株经过八次传代培养,虾青素产量下降率小于等于1.35%,是一株性状较稳定、可深入开发研究的优良菌株。     

延长鲜切香菇货架期的保鲜工艺

通过优化最佳的鲜切香菇加工技术,延长鲜切香菇产品的货架期,为扩大工厂化生产提供依据。本研究设计了3种香菇清洗工艺以及3种气调保鲜方法,利用感官、气味和理化指标的变化来评价清洗保鲜效果。经过无菌水、次氯酸钠溶液以及未经清洗3种处理方式加工的鲜切香菇产品在低温储藏120h时,其表面微生物数量发生较大的变化,无菌水清洗处理组微生物总量达到4.68×10³CFU/g,而次氯酸钠溶液处理组和未经清洗的处理组的微生物含量分别为4.15×10³CFU/g和3.05×10³CFU/g。对3种气调比例保鲜效果研究结果表明,未清洗+T1（15% CO₂、5% O₂、80% N₂）处理组的香菇切片品质保存最好,在第12天时其多糖、蛋白质含量、抗坏血酸含量、类黄酮含量以及抗氧化活性达到最高,分别为70.32mg/g、131.19mg/g、16.46mg/100g、1 272.57μg/g和73.02mmol/g;其总酚含量最低,为2 133.88μg/g。通过电子鼻检测以及主成分分析（PCA）发现多种工艺组合中,未清洗+T1处理组的香菇切片在储藏期12d内气味变化最小,显著优于其他处理组合。综上所述,未清洗+T1气体比例处理组是适宜鲜切香菇加工以及保鲜的优势工艺,通过此方法可使鲜切香菇的货架期从6d延长至12d,对工厂化生产具有指导意义。     

铅铬胁迫对小麦种子萌发及幼苗脯氨酸含量的影响

旨在探讨铅铬胁迫对小麦的毒害效应以及对幼苗脯氨酸的影响。用不同浓度的铅铬溶液处理小麦,研究铅铬单一及复合胁迫对小麦种子萌发及幼苗脯氨酸含量的影响。结果表明,铅铬单一及复合胁迫均使得小麦种子萌发率降低,幼苗株高、根长降低,鲜物质量和干物质量减少。铅铬处理1 d后,各处理组小麦体内的脯氨酸含量较对照都有升高,尤其是复合胁迫下100mg/L Pb+100 mg/L Cr处理组,其小麦脯氨酸含量较对照升高了32.81%。铅铬处理3、5和7 d后,100 mg/L Cr、50 mg/L Cr、200mg/L Pb+100 mg/L Cr、100 mg/L Pb+100 mg/L Cr这4个处理组的小麦脯氨酸含量较对照均显著升高,其它各处理组与对照相比差异不显著。铅铬胁迫抑制了小麦种子的萌发和幼苗生长,使得小麦体内脯氨酸含量升高,因此建议脯氨酸含量的变化可以作为监测植物铅铬胁迫的指标之一。     

铅铬胁迫对小麦种子萌发及幼苗脯氨酸含量的影响北大核心CSCD

旨在探讨铅铬胁迫对小麦的毒害效应以及对幼苗脯氨酸的影响。用不同浓度的铅铬溶液处理小麦,研究铅铬单一及复合胁迫对小麦种子萌发及幼苗脯氨酸含量的影响。结果表明,铅铬单一及复合胁迫均使得小麦种子萌发率降低,幼苗株高、根长降低,鲜物质量和干物质量减少。铅铬处理1 d后,各处理组小麦体内的脯氨酸含量较对照都有升高,尤其是复合胁迫下100mg/L Pb+100 mg/L Cr处理组,其小麦脯氨酸含量较对照升高了32.81%。铅铬处理3、5和7 d后,100 mg/L Cr、50 mg/L Cr、200mg/L Pb+100 mg/L Cr、100 mg/L Pb+100 mg/L Cr这4个处理组的小麦脯氨酸含量较对照均显著升高,其它各处理组与对照相比差异不显著。铅铬胁迫抑制了小麦种子的萌发和幼苗生长,使得小麦体内脯氨酸含量升高,因此建议脯氨酸含量的变化可以作为监测植物铅铬胁迫的指标之一。     

甘蔗糖蜜发酵生产柠檬酸

从8株黑曲霉A.niger菌株中筛选获得1株适应甘蔗糖蜜深层发酵柠檬酸的菌株A.niger-94,研究了巴基斯坦糖蜜的预处理方法,结果表明：巴基斯坦糖蜜不同于国产糖蜜,CaO处理法是最适宜的糖蜜种子培养基预处理方法,CaO法＋草酸复合处理则是最适的糖蜜发酵培养基预处理方法,在上述条件下,摇瓶发酵115h左右,与未经处理的糖蜜相比,产酸由3．7g/100ml提高至9．68g/100mg。     

假槟榔种子催芽技术和脱水耐性的研究

为提高假槟榔的人工种植技术,对其种子做了不同的化学催芽处理,以寻求种子的有效催芽方法,并对种子脱水耐性进行了探讨。结果表明:20%过氧化氢和98%浓硫酸浸泡5min,0.3%亚硝酸钠和0.2%硝酸钾溶液浸种24h后,发芽率显著升高,速度显著加快,尤以浓硫酸和硝酸钾处理效果为好;200～1000mg/L赤霉素和20～100mg/L激动素溶液浸泡24h也显著促进种子萌发,但催芽效果与溶液浓度有关。成熟种子轻度脱水,发芽率有所上升,但含水量下降至17%以下,发芽率急剧下降,当含水量下降10%以下,发芽力完全丧失。由此可见,种子很可能是中间型种子。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.