乙二醇对体内外源基因表达的作用研究

探索在液压转基因中乙二醇对小鼠肝脏外源基因表达的影响。以小鼠液压转基因的条件从小鼠尾静脉注射含不同浓度乙二醇的pEGFP-C1质粒溶液,分别在尾静脉注射后24 h、48 h和72 h取小鼠肝脏右叶制冷冻切片,在波长488 nm的荧光显微镜下观察,统计绿色荧光蛋白表达率;同时进行苏木素染色,进行小鼠肝脏形态结构观察。结果显示,乙二醇浓度在0.05 mol/L-0.5mol/L范围内,转基因后24 h时随着乙二醇浓度升高,绿色荧光蛋白阳性细胞率呈降低趋势;72 h时绿色荧光蛋白阳性细胞率随着乙二醇浓度升高而升高,且在72 h乙二醇浓度为0.5 mol/L时阳性细胞率较高。乙二醇在液压转基因中能调节外源基因的表达,使表达高峰向后推移。     

小鼠精原干细胞不同转染方法效率的比较

本研究采用腺病毒感染、慢病毒感染、脂质体转染和电穿孔转化方法将含有绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）的质粒转入经过差异贴壁法初步分离纯化的小鼠精原干细胞(SSCs)中,转染48 h后通过流式细胞仪检测GFP阳性细胞比例比较4种方法在体外转染精原干细胞的效率.结果显示,脂质体转染效率最高仅为8.64%,不能满足对精原干细胞进一步实验的要求;电穿孔法效率最高达到25.27%,但转化后细胞大量死亡;腺病毒转染细胞的效率达到了32.4%;慢病毒转染效率最高,达到74.25%. 因此,慢病毒转染法是体外转染小鼠精原干细胞的有效方法.     

静脉注射41BBLGFP融合表达质粒体内表达及其生物学活性

通过RTPCR方法扩增小鼠41BBLcDNA,以pEGFPN1为载体,构建融合蛋白41BBLGFP重组表达质粒p41BBLGFP.采用基于流体力学原理建立的裸DNA体内转染技术,从小鼠尾静脉快速(15s)注射质粒p41BBLGFP进行体内转染.荧光显微镜观察组织切片,见小鼠肝、脾、肾及肺中均有报告基因GFP表达,尤以肝细胞中荧光最强.进一步用Western印迹和免疫组织化学染色法确定肝细胞表面表达41BBL,用Hsp70H22细胞抗原肽皮下免疫小鼠,同时尾静脉注射质粒p41BBLGFP,检测血清中IL2和IFNγ的分泌.结果显示,质粒注射联合免疫组小鼠血清IL2和IFNγ的浓度分别较生理盐水对照组增加了3倍和4倍;脾细胞对H22细胞的杀伤率则由单独免疫组的45.74%±3.27%增至86.74%±9.36%.结果表明,体内(主要在肝脏)转染质粒p41BBLGFP可以成功表达,表达产物具有41BBL的生物学活性,为进一步研究体内转染41BBL用于基因治疗奠定了基础.     

小鼠精子形成各阶段转基因效率的研究

在过去的近30年中,转基因技术在哺乳动物基因表达方面研究的应用已经成为实验生物学及应用生物学领域最为显著的进展之一．传统的制作转基因动物方法有显微注射法、逆转录病毒感染法和胚胎干细胞法等,但每种方法都有其缺陷,限制了其在今后转基因动物研究中的广泛应用．对小鼠体内生殖细胞进行外源基因转染,研究精子形成过程中制作转基因小鼠的效率．首先运用睾丸注射法将被脂质体包裹的绿色荧光蛋白表达载体(pIRES2-EGFP)注射到公鼠睾丸及附睾内,然后根据精子形成的不同阶段,分别于注射后7、16、30和42天与发情母鼠合笼,利用PCR和DNA印迹方法对新生小鼠进行基因组DNA检测．在各阶段所得新生小鼠中PCR阳性率分别为6.82%、0、56.86%和42.86%,DNA印迹检测阳性率分别为6.82%、0、47.06%、34.69%．经活体荧光成像系统及荧光显微镜分析,转基因小鼠呈现绿色荧光表达．通过比较精子生成各阶段转基因效率高低,为以后通过用睾丸内注射法转染雄性生殖细胞高效制作转基因动物提供了理论依据．     

TCR BV12-3重组载体构建及其抗肿瘤作用的初步研究

目的:构建pEGFP-C3-TCR BV12-3表达载体并初步研究其抗肿瘤作用。方法:TCR BV12-3基因片段从pGEM-T-TCR BV12-3载体上酶切并克隆至pEGFP-C3载体中,通过脂质体将pEGFP-C3-TCR BV12-3表达载体转染外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs),48小时后荧光显微镜观察转染效率。PBMCs细胞、pEGFP-C3载体转染的PBMCs细胞、pEGFP-C3-TCR BV12-3表达载体转染的PBMCs细胞分别与肝癌细胞BEL-7402和宫颈癌细胞HeLa共培养24 h,显微镜观察肿瘤细胞的生长情况。结果:测序证实TCR BV12-3基因片段成功亚克隆至pEGFP-C3载体中,荧光显微镜证实重组体转染PBMCs细胞48 h后可有效表达绿色荧光。显微镜观察发现pEGFP-C3-TCR BV12-3载体转染的PBMCs对肝癌细胞有杀伤作用,但对宫颈癌杀伤作用不明显。结论:成功构建pEGFP-C3-TCR BV12-3表达载体,初步证实TCRBV12-3对肝癌细胞有杀伤作用。     

绿色荧光蛋白标记的D-氨基酸氧化酶基因在人宫颈癌细胞中的表达研究

为了探讨绿色荧光蛋白标记的红色酵母D 氨基酸氧化酶 (DAAO)基因在人宫颈癌细胞 (HeLa细胞 )中的表达及其功能 ,采用基因重组技术构建了含有CMV启动子和EGFP、DAAO基因开放阅读框 (ORF)的真核表达载体 pIRES DAAO。脂质体法转染HeLa细胞 ,荧光显微镜下观察转染细胞中绿色荧光蛋白的表达 ,流式细胞术分析转染效率并筛选荧光阳性细胞 ,命名为HeLa D。以不同浓度的前药D Ala处理HeLa D细胞 ,MTT法检测细胞存活率。结果显示 ,荧光显微镜下可见绿色荧光蛋白在HeLa D细胞中表达 ,流式细胞术成功筛选出HeLa D细胞。前药D Ala能明显杀伤HeLa D细胞。结果表明 ,EGFP可作为报告基因快速筛选DAAO表达载体转染的细胞 ,DAAO/D Ala自杀基因系统可进一步用于肿瘤的基因治疗研究     

Anti-HER2-ScFv-GFP融合蛋白靶向结合体外乳腺癌细胞表面受体的研究

为了研究不同表达系统获得的携带绿色荧光抗HER2单链抗体(Anti-HER2-ScFv-GFP)是否既可靶向结合HER2阳性乳腺癌细胞表面,也可通过观察绿色荧光变化直接判断抗体结合乳腺癌细胞表面后细胞的动态变化,在前期成功构建两种表达系统的基础上,利用Ni~(2+)-NTA亲和层析法纯化来源于真核表达系统pFAST Bac to Bac HT A/Tn-5B1-4和原核表达系统pBAD His B/TOP10的融合蛋白Anti-HER2-ScFv-GFP,设置HER2阳性细胞SKBR3为实验组、HER2阴性细胞MCF7为对照组,分别与之混合24 h后,1×PBS洗脱细胞3次,激光共聚焦显微镜观察到两种不同表达系统获得的融合蛋白在HER2阳性细胞SKBR3表面分布均有绿色荧光,真核表达的蛋白结合效率明显高于原核表达的蛋白,SKBR3结合高浓度的融合蛋白后细胞表现出皱缩,绿色荧光明显增强,而两种不同来源的融合蛋白与HER2阴性MCF7混合后均易被洗脱。GFP标准品与SKBR3混合后也容易被洗脱。实验表明构建的携带绿色荧光抗HER2单链抗体同时具有靶向结合和报告作用两方面的功能。     

日本鳗鲡绿色荧光蛋白基因的克隆与表达

[目的]克隆日本鳗鲡绿色荧光蛋白UnaG基因,表达并纯化UnaG蛋白。[方法]从日本鳗鲡中克隆了绿色荧光UnaG基因,并克隆至p ET28Aa、pc DNA-Flag质粒中。将重组质粒pc DNA-Flag用脂质体转染到293T细胞中,用荧光显微镜观察绿色荧光,同时用原核表达系统诱导His-UnaG融合蛋白的表达,用亲和层析和凝胶过滤层析纯化HisUnaGg融合蛋白。[结果]转染人293T细胞后不到24 h,荧光显微镜观察到日本鳗鲡UnaG能被激发出较强的绿色荧光;原核表达并纯化的His-UnaG融合蛋白纯度很高,Western Blot检测为单一条带,蛋白量达3μg/μl。[结论]成功克隆并纯化了UnaG,为进一步研究UnaG的应用奠定基础。     

pEGFP-HPV16E7重组融合蛋白质粒的构建及其表达

应用基因重组技术,构建增强绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)与人乳头瘤病毒16型E7(HPV16E7)的重组融合表达质粒,经限制性内切酶酶切鉴定和PCR分析后,用基因转染技术将其导入小鼠肝癌细胞,荧光显微镜下观察融合蛋白的表达.酶切鉴定和PCR分析证实重组质粒中插入目的基因片段的大小、方向和插入位点均正确,在转染的小鼠肝癌细胞中观察到绿色荧光蛋白的表达.构建的pEGFP-HPV16E7融合表达质粒能直观地反映转染细胞中EGFP-HPV16E7融合蛋白的表达.由于转化率与表达率融为一体,故有利于对转染细胞的筛选,缩短转染细胞在体外的筛选的时间适用于对HPV16E7分子生物学特性、致瘤机理及APC提呈等的研究.为建立表达HPV16E7的实体瘤动物模型奠定了基础.     

鸡原始生殖细胞转染条件优化

为获得鸡原始生殖细胞(primordial germ cells,PGCs)的最佳转染效率,本研究比较不同质粒用量和不同细胞数在3种转染试剂(Lipofectamine 2000、3000和LTX&Plus Reagent)中PGCs的转染效率,利用荧光激活细胞分选技术(fluorescence activated cell sorting technology,FACS)辅助优化Lipofectamine 3000转染试剂,经FACS进一步分选获得带绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的PGCs,继续培养3周后,移植回注到受体鸡胚中,移植3.5 d后分离性腺拍照观察。结果显示,转染试剂Lipofectamine 3000的转染效率最高,质粒、Lipofectamine 3000转染试剂和PGCs细胞数的配比为3μg:4μL:0.5×10⁴个,转染5h转染效率最高,达到23.4%,与现有的研究结果相比提高了2倍以上。移植回注PGCs到受体鸡胚中,荧光显微镜观察到鸡胚性腺中有GFP阳性细胞。本研究综合考虑转染试剂、质粒用量和细胞数量的影响因素以优化PGCs的转染条件,为高...     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.