柑桔果实中柠檬苦素类化合物的研究现状与展望

柠檬苦素类似物（ｌｉｍｏｎｏｉｄ）是三萜类的植物次生代谢产物,主要存在于芸香科和楝科植物中。柠檬苦素（ｌｉｍｏｎｉｎ）及其类似物存在于柑桔属（Ｃｉｔｒｕｓ）的多种植物中。至今已从柑桔属植物中分离出３６种柠檬苦素类似物及１７种柠檬苦素类似物配糖体。柑桔中苦味原因之一为柠檬苦素类似物。作为其代表具有强烈苦味的柠檬苦素和诺米林如果在柑桔果汁中含量超过６ｍｇ／Ｌ,那么这种柑桔用于饮食业已不适合［１］。近年来,笔者对柑桔果实中的柠檬苦素类似物的生理变化及生物合成作过系统研究［１～９］,并提出将柠檬苦素类似…     

柠檬苦素类化合物抗病原体作用及机制研究进展

柠檬苦素类化合物是高度氧化的三萜类化合物,对动植物病原体表现出抑制作用,具有一定的抗菌活性,将其作为一种天然的抗病原体物质具有很好的研究价值和应用潜能。本文将综述柠檬苦素类物质对病原体的影响、作用机制以及柠檬苦素类物质的吸收代谢情况,以期为柠檬苦素类化合物应用于食品、医药等行业提供基础理论参考。     

抗癌活性物质鬼臼类木脂素的研究进展

本文概述了抗癌活性物质鬼臼类木脂素的生物合成、抗癌机理、生药分布以及利用植物细胞培养技术生产鬼臼类木脂素的研究进展;并介绍了目前应用于该研究领域的一些新的技术方法。     

柠檬苦素类似物的生物活性和 构效关系研究进展

柠檬苦素类似物;生物活性;构效关系;结构修饰     

桔核中柠檬苦素类物质消炎镇痛作用的研究

为探讨柑桔果实中柠檬苦素类物质对实验动物模型的抗炎镇痛作用,本文通过小鼠耳廓肿胀模型和角叉菜胶致大鼠足肿胀模型观察柠檬苦素的抗炎作用;采用小鼠福尔马林实验及扭体实验观察柠檬苦素的镇痛作用。结果表明：柑桔果实中柠檬苦素类物质能显著抑制二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀和角叉菜胶致大鼠足肿胀程度;减少扭体次数;显著提高小鼠福尔马林实验中的痛域。因此,柑桔果实中柠檬苦素类物质对本实验中的动物模型具有显著的抗炎及镇痛作用。     

橘皮中类柠檬苦素提取工艺及其驱蝇效应探讨

采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法检测了通过低温微波辐射辅助处理后橘皮中类柠檬苦素的含量,并对提取分离后所得的类柠檬苦素以果蝇为实验对象进行了驱蝇效应探讨。提取实验应用正交试验设计法,考察提取溶剂、溶液p H值、提取温度、提取时间、料液比五个因素对橘皮中类柠檬苦素提取率的影响,采用正交实验设计表L16(45)对橘皮中类柠檬苦素的提取工艺进行了优化。结果表明,最优提取工艺为:无水乙醇作为提取剂、溶液p H=5、提取温度50℃、提取时间120 min、料液比1∶12。在最优工艺条件下,橘皮中类柠檬苦素提取量为0.876 mg/g。在驱蝇效应实验中,通过不同浓度的类柠檬苦素对果蝇驱除效应的比较,发现时间和浓度对果蝇均有影响,但浓度效应大于时间效应,喷洒1.152 mg/m L浓度的类柠檬苦素溶液可以在12h内将果蝇全部杀死。     

大叶桃花心木中的柠檬苦素成分(英文)

为研究大叶桃花木(Swietenia macrophylla)的柠檬苦素类成分,采用柱层析的方法从大叶桃花心木的枝叶中分离得七个柠檬苦素分别为swimacronoid A(1)、mahonin(2)、methyl angolensate(3)、methyl 6-hydroxyango-lensate(4)、methyl 6-acetoxyangolensate(5)、swietmanin(6)、deacetylsecomahoganin(7)。其中化合物1为一个新的evodulone型的柠檬苦素,化合物7为首次从该种中分的。     

印度红树植物Xylocarpus moluccensis的柠檬苦素

对采集自印度安得拉邦克里希纳港湾红树林湿地的木果楝属红树植物X.moluccensis种子中的柠檬苦素进行了研究,利用95％乙醇提取、乙酸乙酯萃取、正反相硅胶柱层析和高效液相色谱等手段进行分离制备得到11个化合物.通过核磁共振波谱和离子阱电喷雾质谱鉴定结构,全部化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物1为一个新的墨...     

HPLC法测定不同产地和品种柠檬果皮中柠檬苦素和诺米林含量

该研究建立了同时测定檬苦素和诺米林含量的高效液相色谱法,并采用该方法对8种不同柠檬样品中柠檬苦素和诺米林含量进行了测定。色谱条件如下:安捷伦Eclipse XDB-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为0.1%磷酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B),梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL·min^-1,柱温为30℃,波长为210 nm。结果表明:3个产地尤力克果皮中柠檬苦素含量依次为云南瑞丽(EUR_D)、四川安岳(EUR_C)和广东河源(EUR_Y),诺米林含量依次为EUR_D、EUR_C和EUR_Y;不同品种柠檬果皮中柠檬苦素含量依次为北京柠檬(M_NM)、粗柠檬(R_NM)、无核柠檬(S_NM)、热那亚(RNY)、里斯本(LSB),诺米林含量依次为S_NM、R_NM、LSB、RNY和M_NM。综上结果表明,不同产地和品种柠...     

Melanogenesis‐Inhibitory Activities of Isomeric C‐seco Limonoids and Deesterified Limonoids

Treatment of eight C‐seco limonoids including six of salannin‐type, 1 – 6 , and two of nimbin‐type, 7 and 8 , with a combination of BF₃ · Et₂O and iodide ion yielded the isomeric C‐seco derivatives, i.e., six isosalannins, 1a – 6a , and two isonimbins, 7a and 8a , respectively. Ohchinin ( 1 ) was further subjected to LiAlH₄ reduction which yielded a deesterified trihydroxy limonoid, nimbidinol ( 9 ). In addition, ten limonoids including seven of azadirone‐type, 10 – 16 , and three of gedunin‐type, 17 – 19 , all of which possess no ester functionality in the molecule, were obtained from the neutral fraction of Azadirachta indica seed extract after alkaline hydrolysis. Among the above, twelve compounds, i.e., 1a – 4a , 6a , 9 , 13 – 16 , 18 , and 19 , were new compounds, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data. Upon evaluation of all these limonoids for their inhibitory activities against melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells induced with α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH), five structurally modified limonoids, 3‐deacetyl‐28‐oxosalannin ( 6a ), 9 , 17‐epi‐17‐hydroxynimbocinol ( 14 ), 17‐epi‐17‐hydroxy‐15‐methoxynimbocinol ( 15 ), and 7‐deacetyl‐17‐epinimolicinol ( 18 ), in addition to a natural limonoid, 1 , exhibited potent inhibitory activities with 26 – 66% reduction of melanin content at 100 μm concentration with almost no or low toxicity to the B16 melanoma cells (70 – 99% cell viability at 100 μm ).     

Limonoids from Ekebergia pterophylla

The seed of Ekebergia pterophylla contains limonoids closely related to methyl angolensate, and similar to those of other Ekebergia species. This serves as evidence to support the taxonomic position of the species which has been disputed.     

Limonoids from Nymania capensis

The bark and timber of Nymania capensis contain prieurianin and other complex limonoids, four of which have been identified. The chemical evidence serves to support the taxonomic position of Nymania in the family Meliaceae.     

Limonoids from Citrus reticulata

The seeds of Citrus reticulata afforded the new limonoid derivative, isolimonexic acid methyl ether, in addition to the previously isolated limonin, deacetylnomilin, obacunone and ichangin. The structure elucidation was achieved primarily through 1D and 2-D-NMR analyses. The marginal antimalarial activity of isolimonexic acid methyl ether is reported.     

Two New Limonoids from the Fruits of Melia azedarach (Meliaceae)

Two new limonoids, trichilinin M ( 1 ) and ohchinin benzoate ( 2 ), along with two known limonoids, 12-hydroxyamoorastatone ( 3 ) and mesendanin H ( 4 ), were isolated from the fruits of Melia azedarach Linn. The structures of new limonoids were determined by analyses of HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR (HSQC, HMBC and NOESY) data. All compounds were evaluated against human pancreatic cancer PANC1 cells and the results showed that compounds 3 – 4 exhibited substantial cytotoxic activity ( 3 : IC₅₀=4.55 μM; 4 : IC₅₀=7.54 μM), and compounds 1 – 2 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity ( 1 : IC₅₀=27.06 μM; 2 : IC₅₀=21.17 μM).     

Limonoids from the seed of the natal mahogany, Trichilia dregeana

We have investigated the seed limonoids of Trichilia dregeana and obtained the known rohituka-7, an ester related to polystachin, and four new compounds designated dregeana-1 to 4. These were found to be intermediate in oxidation level between rohituka-7 and heudelottin.     

Plants from Northwestern Anatolia Display Selective Cytotoxicity and Induce Mitotic Catastrophe: A Study on Anticancer and Genotoxic Activities

Anatolia is rich in floristic diversity with a high rate of endemism. Eight plant species from northwestern Anatolia were evaluated for their anti-growth properties in two malignant (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and a non-malignant (MCF-10A) breast cell lines. The two most active extracts, Achillea multifida (AME) and Astragalus sibthorpianus (ASE), induced apoptotic cell death in all cell lines. The major phenolic compounds in AME were identified as chlorogenic acid, and catechins in ASE. ASE displayed selective cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells, with DNA damage repair in non-malignant cells contributing to its selectivity. Conversely, AME induced DNA damage in a time-dependent manner and displayed a dual dose-dependent biological activity, resulting in mitotic catastrophe and apoptosis at different doses. Most plant species exhibited moderate to strong cytotoxicity, highlighting their medicinal and economic potential and the need for their protection.