尿激酶受体反义RNA抑制人乳腺癌细胞的侵袭作用

将尿激酶受体 u PAR反义 RNA表达质粒 p URAS以脂质体法转染高侵袭性人乳腺癌细胞株 MDA- MB- 2 31 ,G41 8筛选抗性克隆 .Northern印迹法检测 u PAR反义 RNA的表达 ,RT- PCR法检测 u PAR的表达 ,牛奶板法测定细胞培养上清中纤溶活性 .改良 Boyden小室模型和裸小鼠乳房脂肪垫接种试验分别检测肿瘤细胞体外和体内侵袭能力 .反义克隆细胞能表达 u PAR反义RNA,其 u PAR表达水平及培养上清中纤溶活性明显降低 .反义细胞克隆体外侵袭能力比原代细胞 MDA- MB- 2 31和转染载体细胞克隆显著降低 .裸小鼠体内侵袭实验表明 ,反义细胞克隆的成瘤性、生长性和侵袭性均显著受到抑制 .u PAR至少在一部分恶性乳腺癌侵袭行为中发挥重要作用 ,反义 RNA可望成为抗肿瘤侵袭治疗的一种有效手段 .     

乙酰肝素酶siRNA对人膀胱癌T24细胞株侵袭能力的影响

目的:观察乙酰肝素酶(Heparanase,HPSE)小干扰R N A(small-interfering RNA,siRNA)对人膀胱癌细胞株侵袭力的影响。方法:体外化学合成一段乙酰肝素酶特异性小干扰RNA(siRNA)序列,以阳离子脂质体介导将不同浓度的siRNA转染至膀胱癌细胞系T24细胞中,应用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法检测转染前后T24细胞中HPSE mRNA表达,采用transwell小室侵袭试验测定肿瘤细胞的体外侵袭力。结果:转染HPSE siRNA可以显著降低T24细胞中的HPSE mRNA表达,HPA siRNA处理细胞48小时,与对照组相比,各有效浓度的HPSE siRNA可显著抑制T24细胞的体外侵袭能力(P<0.05)。结论:以siRNA阻遏乙酰肝素酶在膀胱癌细胞中表达可以成功地抑制膀胱癌细胞侵袭能力,通过应用RNA干扰技术等方法抑制乙酰肝素酶活性可能可以应用于临床治疗膀胱癌。     

乙酰肝素酶siRNA对人膀胱癌T24细胞株侵袭能力的影响

目的:观察乙酰肝素酶(Heparanase,HPSE)小干扰R N A(small-interfering RNA,siRNA)对人膀胱癌细胞株侵袭力的影响.方法:体外化学合成一段乙酰肝素酶特异性小干扰RNA(siRNA)序列,以阳离子脂质体介导将不同浓度的siRNA转染至膀胱癌细胞系T24细胞中,应用逆转录—聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法检测转染前后T24细胞中HPSE mRNA表达,采用transwell小室侵袭试验测定肿瘤细胞的体外侵袭力.结果:转染HPSE siRNA可以显著降低T24细胞中的HPSE mRNA表达,HPA siRNA处理细胞48小时,与对照组相比,各有效浓度的HPSE siRNA可显著抑制T24细胞的体外侵袭能力(P＜0.05).结论:以siRNA阻遏乙酰肝素酶在膀胱癌细胞中表达可以成功地抑制膀胱癌细胞侵袭能力,通过应用RNA干扰技术等方法抑制乙酰肝素酶活性可能可以应用于临床治疗膀胱癌.     

BSP基因RNA干扰对乳腺癌MDA-MB-231BO细胞生物学特性的影响

旨在研究RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)抑制骨唾液酸蛋白(bone sialoprotein,BSP)基因表达后对人乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231BO生物学特性的影响。应用pSilencer5.1-U6Retro构建针对BSP基因的siRNA逆转录病毒重组表达质粒,将重组质粒转染293细胞制备病毒悬液感染MDA-MB-231BO细胞,利用嘌呤霉素筛选抑制BSP表达的乳腺癌细胞。Western blotting检测细胞内BSP蛋白表达,采用MTT法和集落形成试验检测细胞的增殖,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期变化。结果显示,成功构建BSP基因RNAi稳定转染的231BO-BSP27细胞。231BO-BSP27细胞内BSP蛋白表达抑制率为69.3%,与对照组细胞相比,231BO-BSP27细胞的生长速率和克隆形成率明显降低;S期细胞数量明显减少,G0/G1期细胞增多。由此证实,逆转录病毒介导的RNAi能实现BSP基因稳定沉默,从而抑制MDA-MB-231BO细胞的生长和增殖。     

腺病毒介导的uPAR反义核酸转移抑制肿瘤细胞的侵袭

为了观察尿激酶受体(uPAR)反义核酸对肿瘤细胞体外侵袭的抑制作用,用PCR方法扩增uPAR cDNA 5′端－46 bp～＋454 bp一段长500 bp的序列,利用DNA重组技术将其克隆到病毒载体pAdeno-X中, 构建出重组腺病毒载体pAdeno-X-uPAR(－)和pAdeno-X-uPAR(+).线性化后的重组腺病毒载体转染HEK293细胞7天后,可以获得滴度分别为1.5×10⁸ pfu/ml和0.5×10⁸ pfu/ml的uPAR反义和正义核酸表达重组腺病毒,分别命名为Ad-uPAR(－)和Ad-uPAR(+).以不同的病毒感染指数（MOI）感染人肺巨细胞癌高转移株95D肿瘤细胞,3天后用RNA印迹法可以检测肿瘤细胞uPAR正义和反义核酸表达水平,随着MOI的升高,Ad-uPAR(－)感染的肿瘤细胞uPAR蛋白水平逐渐下降,肿瘤细胞的体外侵袭能力也明显下降,而感染Ad-uPAR(+)的肿瘤细胞无明显变化.结果表明,重组腺病毒可以表达uPAR正义和反义核酸,uPAR反义核酸可以明显抑制人肺巨细胞癌高转移株95D肿瘤细胞在体外的侵袭能力.     

p100蛋白表达抑制的HepG2肝癌细胞稳定株的建立

目的建立p100表达抑制的HepG2肝癌细胞稳定株,并初步探讨p100在HepG2肝癌细胞中的功能。方法用脂质体将含有真核细胞筛选标记Neo和GFP的p100 shRNA表达质粒转染入HepG2细胞。经G418耐药筛选稳定整合抗药基因的细胞单克隆;荧光镜检GFP阳性细胞单克隆,挑取单克隆;Western检测HepG2细胞稳定株HepG2（p100I）中p100表达的抑制效果;平板细胞克隆形成实验检测细胞克隆形成能力;MTS法检测细胞存活;划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力。结果成功获得了p100表达抑制的HepG2肝癌细胞稳定株HepG2（p100I）,其中p100的表达明显降低。并且实验表明,该p100表达抑制稳定株的克隆形成能力,抵抗化疗药物Cisplatin诱导的细胞死亡的能力和迁移能力明显低于对照组细胞。结论p100表达抑制的HepG2肝癌细胞稳定株的建立为研究p100蛋白在肝癌中的作用提供了体外细胞系模型,基于此稳定株的研究,发现p100能够影响HepG2肝癌细胞的多种细胞功能。     

靶向下调FOXM1 基因表达对乳腺癌MDA-MB-231 细胞增殖的影响

目的：探讨靶向抑制FOXM1 对乳腺癌细胞增殖能力的影响,为乳腺癌的个性化靶向治疗提供理论依据。方法：利用重组真 核转录载体pSilencer1.0-U6-FOXM1-shRNA,脂质体法转染乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231,下调其FOXM1基因表达。采用四甲基 偶氮唑盐(MTT) 比色法、平板克隆形成实验观察细胞增值曲线以及克隆形成能力;采用实时定量- 聚合酶链反应(Real-time qPCR)、蛋白免疫印迹法（Western blot）分别检测FOXM1 基因在mRNA、蛋白水平的表达变化。结果：重组载体pSilencer1. 0-U6-FOXM1-shRNA转染MDA-MB-231细胞后,与对照组相比,增殖速率明显下降（P<0.05）,平板克隆形成显著减少（P<0.05）, 重组载体转染后显著抑制MDA-MB-231 细胞中FOXM1 基因在mRNA、蛋白水平的表达。结论：沉默FOXM1 基因对乳腺癌细胞 株MDA-MB-231 生长具有抑制作用,为阐明乳腺癌发病机制提供了新的切入点,也为临床抑制肿瘤生长提供了新的作用靶点。     

SiRNA-VEGF对子宫内膜癌ishikawa细胞增殖及凋亡的影响

目的:研究针对VEGF的RNAi技术对人子宫内膜癌细胞系ishikawa细胞中VEGF的抑制作用及对细胞生长、增殖的影响。方法:设计并合成针对VEGF序列特异性siRNA及阴性对照siRNA,转染ishikawa细胞,分别于转染后12h、24h、48h、72h、7d后提取细胞RNA,应用实时荧光定量PCR检测其对VEGF mRNA表达水平的影响,MTT法检测细胞增殖的情况,于转染后48h收集细胞软琼脂培养检测细胞克隆形成能力。结果:转染针对siRNA-VEGF的ishikawa细胞,于转染后12h、24h、48h、72h VEGF mRNA表达水平明显下降、细胞增殖受到明显的抑制,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),于转染后7天这种抑制作用消失(P>0.05)。转染后48h实验组细胞克隆形成率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:针对VEGF的RNAi技术可有效抑制子宫内膜癌细胞系ishikawa细胞中VEGF基因的表达,抑制细胞生长增殖及细胞集落形成能力,提示VEGF基因在子宫内膜癌的发生、发展中可能具有重要作用,为进一步利用RNAi技术抑制肿瘤生长、血管形成及局部侵袭和远处转移提供研究基础。     

薯蓣皂苷激活p38MAPK/FOXO3a信号抑制三阴性乳腺癌细胞上皮–间质转化及侵袭

该研究探讨了薯蓣皂苷(Dioscin)对三阴性乳腺癌MDA-MB-231、BT549细胞体外侵袭及上皮–间质转化(epithelial to mensenchymal transition,EMT)的影响及其作用机制。以正常人乳腺上皮MCF-10A细胞为对照,通过MTS法、克隆形成实验检测细胞增殖能力;Transwell实验检测细胞侵袭、迁移能力;Western blot法检测p38MAPK、p-p38MAPK、FOXO3a及上皮–间质转化(epithelial to mensenchymal transition,EMT)相关标志物的表达。结果显示,Dioscin能明显抑制MDA-MB-231、BT549细胞的增殖,且具有浓度依赖性,对MCF-10A细胞抑制作用较弱;Dioscin处理后肿瘤细胞的侵袭、迁移能力明显降低,Dioscin可显著下调细胞间质样标志物波形蛋白(vimentin)、N-钙黏蛋白(N-cadherin)并促进上皮样标志物E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)的表达,EMT关键转录因子Snail的表达也受到抑制。进一步研究发现,Dioscin能够上调p38MAPK磷酸化水平并促进转录因子FOXO3a的表达,而干扰FOXO3a能够逆转Dioscin对细胞EMT及侵袭的抑制作用。以上研究表明,Dioscin能够抑制三阴性乳腺癌细胞EMT及体外侵袭、迁移能力,其机制可能与Dioscin调控p38MAPK/FOXO3a信号有关。     

中心体蛋白70促进乳腺癌细胞的侵袭和转移北大核心CSCD

中心体蛋白70(centrosomal protein 70,CEP70)可通过介导内皮细胞的迁移影响血管新生,肿瘤的转移能力与肿瘤细胞的迁移密切相关,CEP70是否影响肿瘤细胞的侵袭转移尚不明确。结合前期淋巴结转移和未发生淋巴结转移原位乳腺癌组织的基因表达芯片的比较结果,本研究通过免疫组化染色,检测CEP70在淋巴结转移和未发生淋巴结转移的原位乳腺癌组织中的表达情况,以及real-time PCR和Western印迹检测不同乳腺癌细胞系中CEP70的表达,结果提示,淋巴结转移患者的乳腺癌组织中CEP70强阳性的比例明显高于未发生淋巴结转移的乳腺癌组织,同时CEP70在侵袭能力强的乳腺癌细胞中表达较高。利用慢病毒转染构建CEP70稳定下调的MDA-MB-231细胞系,划痕实验以及侵袭转移的结果显示,下调CEP70的表达,可明显抑制MDA-MB-231细胞系的细胞迁移和侵袭能力。上述结果证明,CEP70的表达与乳腺癌的侵袭转移呈正相关,下调CEP70可抑制乳腺癌的侵袭转移,因此CEP70有望成为乳腺癌临床诊断及治疗的新靶点。     

沉默CXCL1基因抑制三阴性乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231的迁移、侵袭的研究

为探讨CXCL1基因对三阴性乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231的迁移、侵袭作用的影响,该研究设计针对CXCL1基因的小干扰RNA,用实时荧光定量PCR和酶联免疫吸附测定试验分别在RNA和蛋白质水平上检测干扰效率;采用流式细胞术学技术检测细胞的周期和凋亡情况;采用transwell迁移和侵袭试验分别检测细胞的迁移及侵袭能力。结果显示,与siRNA-NC组细胞相比,siCXCL1-1、siCXCL1-2、siCXCL1-3细胞中CXCL1基因的mRNA和蛋白表达均下调,且si CXCL1-3干扰效率最高,mRNA及蛋白表达水平分别降低了75%(p<0.01)和46%(p<0.01)。细胞凋亡试验和细胞周期试验结果显示,沉默CXCL1基因后对三阴性乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MB-231细胞的凋亡和周期无明显影响,差异无统计学意义(p>0.05)。transwell小室迁移和侵袭试验显示,沉默CXCL1基因能够显著抑制三阴性乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231的迁移和侵袭能力(p<0.01)。研究成果为临床乳腺癌中以CXCL1基因为靶点的分子治疗提供了理论依据。     

siRNA-cyclin D1对乳腺癌MCF-7细胞增殖的抑制作用

研究小干扰RNA(small interfering RNA,siRNA)对乳腺癌MCF-7细胞株cyclin D1表达的抑制及对细胞增殖的影响。化学合成针对cyclin D1基因的siRNA,转染MCF-7细胞株;分别应用荧光定量PCR和免疫印迹测定cyclin D1 mRNA和蛋白的表达,CCK-8测定细胞的增殖活性,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期,软琼脂培养检测细胞克隆形成能力。在实验中,10、50、100 nmol/L siRNA-cyclin D1分别使MCF-7细胞cyclin D1 mRNA表达降低了57．85%、63．22%和68．02%,蛋白表达降低了51．13%、62．09%、77．68%。转染siRNA-cyclin D1后,细胞增殖受到抑制,细胞周期阻滞于G1期,软琼脂克隆形成率降低。结果提示siRNA可以有效抑制MCF-7细胞株中cyclin D1的表达,使细胞周期阻滞于G1期,从而抑制细胞增殖。     

miR-148a通过靶向调节己糖激酶2基因抑制乳腺癌细胞糖酵解和细胞增殖能力

为了探讨miR-148a及己糖激酶2（hexokinase 2,HK2）基因对人乳腺癌细胞糖酵解代谢途径的影响和可能机制,利用实时荧光定量PCR（real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR,qRT-PCR）检测多种乳腺癌细胞系中miR-148a的表达量,从中筛选miR-148a表达量相对较低的乳腺癌细胞系作为研究对象。再通过观察miR-148a表达量的变化对乳腺癌细胞葡萄糖摄取量、乳酸生成量和细胞增殖指标的影响,以探究miR-148a对乳腺癌细胞糖代谢能力的影响。随后,通过TargetScan在线数据库预测miR-148a和HK2基因的靶向关系,再通过双荧光素酶报告实验、Western免疫印迹以及基因回复实验进行验证,以进一步明确miR-148a和HK2在乳腺癌细胞的糖酵解代谢途径中的作用机制。通过qRT-PCR发现miR-148a在多种乳腺癌细胞系表达降低,尤其是在乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MB231中表达量显著降低（P<0.000 1）。过表达miR-148a使MDA-MB231细胞的葡萄糖摄取量、乳酸生成量、细胞增殖指标均显著下降（P<0.01）;而抑制miR-148a表达使MDA-MB231细胞葡萄糖摄取量、乳酸生成量、细胞增殖指标均显著上升（P<0.01）。通过TargetScan在线数据库预测得出,miR-148a与HK2基因3′非编码区（3′-untranslated region,3′-UTR）具有部分结合位点;而双荧光素酶报告实验发现miR-148a与野生型HK2基因的3′-UTR荧光素酶报告载体结合,不与突变型HK2基因的3′-UTR结合。Western免疫印迹检测结果表明,过表达miR-148a使MDA-MB231细胞中HK2蛋白表达量显著下降（P＜0.000 1）,而抑制miR-148a表达则促进HK2蛋白表达量显著上升（P<0.05）。基因回复实验显示,过表达HK2基因使MDA-MB231乳腺癌细胞的葡萄糖摄取量、乳酸生成量、细胞增殖指标显著上升（P＜0.01）;将过表达miR-148a载体与过表达HK2载体共转染MDA-MB231细胞,miR-148a逆转了HK2所致的葡萄糖摄取量增加和乳酸生成量上升,并抑制细胞增殖。因此,研究提示,miR-148a可通过靶向抑制HK2基因表达而抑制乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB231糖酵解代谢和细胞增殖。     

siRNA对乳腺癌细胞Cyclin E表达和生长抑制作用

研究siRNA对乳腺癌MCF-7细胞株cyclin E表达的抑制及对细胞生长的影响。化学合成针对cyclin E基因的小干扰RNA（siRNA）,转染MCF-7细胞株;分别应用荧光定量PCR和免疫印迹测定cyclin E mRNA和蛋白质的表达,CCK-8测定细胞的增殖活性,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期,软琼脂培养检测细胞克隆形成能力。10、50、100nmol／L siRNA-cyclin E分别使MCF-7细胞cyclin E基因表达降低了24．7％、62．5％和71．0％,蛋白质表达降低了40．8％、66．5％和71．3％。转染siRNA-cyclin E后,G1期细胞增多,S期减少,增殖受到抑制,软琼脂克隆形成率降低。结果提示,在MCF-7细胞株中,导入针对cyclin E的siRNA,可有效抑制cyclin E的表达,进而使细胞增殖减缓,逆转其恶性表型。     

Artichoke polyphenols induce apoptosis and decrease the invasive potential of the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB231

The human breast cancer cell line, estrogen receptor negative, MDA-MB231, was used to evaluate the antitumor effect of polyphenolic extracts from the edible part of artichokes (AEs). Treatment of cancer cells reduced cell viability and inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, AEs did not have any effect on normal breast epithelial cell line, MCF10A. Chlorogenic acid (ChA), the most representative component of the polyphenolic fraction of artichoke, had no prominent effects on the cell death rate of MDA-MB231 cells. The addition of AEs to the cells, rather than ChA, triggered apoptosis via a mitochondrial and a death-receptor pathway, as shown by the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-8, respectively. Furthermore, an increase of the Bax:Bcl2 ratio and up-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21(WAF1), crucial apoptotic players, were documented. According to our data on activation of caspase-9, a loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Ψ(m)) was shown. Cell motility and invasion capabilities were remarkably inhibited by AEs-treatment in highly invasive MDA-MB231 cells. In addition, a significant decrease of proteolytic activity of metalloproteinase-2 protein (MMP-2), involved in degrading components of the extracellular matrix, was detected. Our findings indicate that AEs reduced cell viability, inhibited cell growth, triggered apoptotic mechanisms, and showed inhibitory properties against the invasive behavior of MDA-MB231 cancer cell line. Altogether, these data indicate the potential chemopreventive activity of artichoke polyphenolic extracts.     

Knockdown of LRP/LR Induces Apoptosis in Breast and Oesophageal Cancer Cells

Cancer is a global burden due to high incidence and mortality rates and is ranked the second most diagnosed disease amongst non-communicable diseases in South Africa. A high expression level of the 37kDa/67kDa laminin receptor (LRP/LR) is one characteristic of cancer cells. This receptor is implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer cells by supporting tumor angiogenesis, metastasis and especially for this study, the evasion of apoptosis. In the current study, the role of LRP/LR on cellular viability of breast MCF-7, MDA-MB 231 and WHCO1 oesophageal cancer cells was investigated. Western blot analysis revealed that total LRP expression levels of MCF-7, MDA-MB 231 and WHCO1 were significantly downregulated by targeting LRP mRNA using siRNA-LAMR1. This knockdown of LRP/LR resulted in a significant decrease of viability in the breast and oesophageal cancer cells as determined by an MTT assay. Transfection of MDA-MB 231 cells with esiRNA-RPSA directed against a different region of the LRP mRNA had similar effects on LRP/LR expression and cell viability compared to siRNA-LAMR1, excluding an off-target effect of siRNA-LAMR1. This reduction in cellular viability is as a consequence of apoptosis induction as indicated by the exposure of the phosphatidylserine protein on the surface of breast MCF-7, MDA-MB 231 and oesophageal WHCO1 cancer cells, respectively, detected by an Annexin-V/FITC assay as well as nuclear morphological changes observed post-staining with Hoechst. These observations indicate that LRP/LR is crucial for the maintenance of cellular viability of breast and oesophageal cancer cells and recommend siRNA technology targeting LRP expression as a possible novel alternative technique for breast and oesophageal cancer treatment.     

Reversal of the hypomethylation status of urokinase (uPA) promoter blocks breast cancer growth and metastasis

Metastasis is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in cancer. Urokinase (uPA), only expressed by the highly invasive cancer cells, has been implicated in invasion, metastases, and angiogenesis of several malignancies including breast cancer. Because uPA expression is strongly correlated with its hypomethylated state, we utilized the uPA gene in the highly invasive MDA-231 human breast cancer cells as a model system to test the hypothesis that pharmacological reversal of the uPA promoter hypomethylation would result in its silencing and inhibition of metastasis. S-Adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet) has previously been shown to cause hypermethylation and inhibit demethylation. Treatment of MDA-231 cells with AdoMet, but not its unmethylated analogue S-adenosylhomocysteine, significantly inhibits uPA expression and tumor cell invasion in vitro and tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. The effects of AdoMet on uPA expression were reversed by the demethylating agent 5'-azacytidine, supporting the conclusion that AdoMet effects are caused by hypermethylation. Knockdown of the methyl-binding protein 2 also causes a significant inhibition of uPA expression in vitro and tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. These treatments did not have any effects on estrogen receptor expression, suggesting that inhibition of hypomethylation will not affect genes already silenced by hypermethylation. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that hypomethylation of critical genes like uPA plays a causal role in metastasis. Inhibition of hypomethylation can thus be used as a novel therapeutic approach to silence the pro-metastatic gene uPA and block breast cancer progression into the aggressive and metastatic stages of the disease.