海南大风子活性成分研究

用色谱技术对海南大风子(Hydnocarpus hainanensis (Merr.) Sleum.)枝条的乙醇提取物进行分离纯化,从中分离得到了6个化合物,经波谱数据分析与文献数据对照,分别鉴定为eoniferaldehyde (1)、mulberroside C(2)、mulberrofuran G(3)、mulb...     

云南蕊木中一新生物碱

从云南蕊木(Kopsia officinalis Tsiang)枝叶中分离得到一引哚生物碱类化合物,经理化性质和波谱数据分析鉴定为5-羰基蕊木碱甲(methyl 5-oxo-chanofruticosinate),该化合物为一新化合物.     

帽蕊木α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性研究

利用体外抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶模型,首次对植物帽蕊木叶、皮提取物和从中分离得到的化合物进行活性评价,并与阳性对照Acarbose 进行比较.结果表明帽蕊木叶和皮提取物都具有很高抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性,且叶的活性要好于皮,同一部位的正丁醇和乙酸乙酯提取物的活性要好于石油醚提取物;从帽蕊木中得到的化合物莨菪内酯(scopletin)的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性(IC50=35.03 μg/mL)高于阳性对照Acarbose(IC50=1081.27 μg/mL)约为其活性的30倍.     

海南粗榧内生真菌抗肿瘤抗菌活性的筛选

对72株海南粗榧(Cephalotaxus hainanensis Li)内生真菌进行了抗肿瘤和抗菌活性筛选。结果显示, 有9株内生真菌至少对一种指示瘤株具有细胞毒活性, 5株内生真菌对金黄色葡萄球菌有较强的抑菌活性, 1株内生真菌对辣椒疫霉有抑制作用。这表明海南粗榧内生真菌是寻找有价值的生物活性成分的潜在资源, 其生物活性成分值得进一步研究。     

弯蕊开口箭中的多羟基甾体皂甙元

从弯蕊开口箭(Tupistra wattii Hook．f．)的新鲜根茎中分离出2个新的多羟基甾体皂甙元,分别命名为弯蕊皂甙元B(wattigenin B)(1)和弯蕊皂甙元C(wattigenin C)(2),同时分离到2个已知的甾体皂甙元——凯替皂甙元kitigenin(3)和铃兰皂甙元B(convallagenin B)(4)。通过波谱解析鉴定了这4个皂甙元的结构,并测定了它们在体外对肿瘤细胞K562和A2780a的细胞毒活性。化合物1～4为首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

毛喉鞘蕊花愈伤组织的诱导及其活性成分的产生

本文简要报道了毛喉鞘蕊花(Coleus jorskohlii)无菌苗愈伤组织的诱导,初步培养及细胞悬浮培养,同时对培养细胞中的有效成分进行了初步分析。     

弯蕊开口箭中的多羟基甾体皂甙元

从弯蕊开口箭(Tupistra wattii Hook. f.)的新鲜根茎中分离出2个新的多羟基甾体皂甙元,分别命名为弯蕊皂甙元B (wattigenin B) (1) 和弯蕊皂甙元C (wattigenin C) (2), 同时分离到2个已知的甾体皂甙元--凯替皂甙元kitigenin (3)和铃兰皂甙元B (convallagenin B) (4).通过波谱解析鉴定了这4个皂甙元的结构,并测定了它们在体外对肿瘤细胞K562和A2780a的细胞毒活性.化合物1～4为首次从该种植物中分离得到.     

牛奶菜中黄酮类成分的研究

从牛奶菜(Marsdenia sinensis Hemsl)根中分离得到6个黄酮类化合物,经光谱分析确定其结构为:芹菜素(1),(2S)-柚皮素(2),木犀草素(3),异牡荆素(4),8-C-β-D-Glucopyranosyl apigeninidin(5),5,7-二羟基色原酮(6)。所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到,同时对分离得到的单体化合物进行细胞毒活性测试,化合物1～5均表现出较强的细胞毒活性。     

小桐子枝叶提取物对植物病原真菌的生物活性

采用菌丝生长抑制法,测定了小桐子枝叶6种不同溶剂提取物对小麦赤霉病菌、稻瘟病菌、烟草疫霉菌和辣椒疫霉菌的抑制作用,从中筛选出抑制作用最强的粗提物进行进一步的活性组分分离和抑菌活性测定。结果表明小桐子枝叶的乙醇提取物对4种植物病原菌抑制活性最高,在浓度为0.8 g·L^-1时,小桐子枝叶的乙醇提取物对小麦赤霉病菌、稻瘟病菌、烟草疫霉菌、辣椒疫霉菌菌丝生长抑制率分别为：87.1%、90.3%、86.4%、77.9%,其抗菌活性与农药世高均无显著差异;在小桐子枝叶乙醇提取物的不同溶剂萃取物对稻瘟病菌和烟草疫霉病菌进行生物活性追踪测试中发现,石油醚和水萃取物都具有较好的活性,当浓度为0.8 g·L^-1时,石油醚和水萃取物对两种病菌抑制率都达50%以上。表明小桐子枝叶含有丰富的抗植物病原真菌活性物质,且主要存在于小桐子枝叶乙醇提取物的石油醚相和水相中。     

海藻中的细胞毒活性及抗菌成分

本文综述了近20年来海藻中的细胞毒活性及抗菌成分的研究概况。     

Novel antimicrobial peptides isolated from the skin secretions of Hainan odorous frog, Odorrana hainanensis

Long time geographical isolation of Hainan Island from the China continent has resulted in appearance of many novel frog species. As one of them, Hainan odorous frog, Odorrana hainanensis possesses some special antimicrobial peptides distinct from those found in other Odorrana. In this study, three antimicrobial peptides have been purified and characterized from the skin secretion of O. hainanensis. With the similarity to the temporin family, two peptides are characterized by amidated C-terminals, so they are named as temporin-HN1 (AILTTLANWARKFL-NH₂) and temporin-HN2 (NILNTIINLAKKIL-NH₂). The third antimicrobial peptide belongs to the brevinin-1 family which is widely distributed in Eurasian ranids, and thus, it is named as brevinin-1HN1 (FLPLIASLAANFVPKIFCKITKKC). Furthermore, after sequencing 68 clones, eight cDNAs encoding antimicrobial peptide precursors were cloned from the skin-derived cDNA library of O. hainanensis. These eight cDNAs can encode seven mature antimicrobial peptides including the above three, as well as brevinin-1V, brevinin-2HS2, odorranain-A6, and odorranain-B1. Twelve different species of microorganisms were chosen, including Gram-positive, Gram-negative and fungi, to test the antimicrobial activities of temporin-HN1, temporin-HN2, brevinin-1HN1, brevinin-1V, and brevinin-2HS2. The result shows that, in addition to their activities against Gram-positive bacteria, temporin-HN1 and temporin-HN2 also possess activities against some Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. However, the two antimicrobial peptides, brevinin-1HN1 and brevinin-1V of the brevinin-1 family have stronger antimicrobial activities than temporin-HN1 and temporin-HN2 of the temporin family. Brevinin-1HN1 possesses activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923), Rhodococcus rhodochrous X15, and Slime mould 090223 at the concentration of 1.2 μM.     

海南产木薯茎化学成分研究

从木薯(Manihot esculenta Crantz)茎的乙醇提取物中分离得到6个化合物,通过波谱分析,分别鉴定为呋喃(1)、肥牛木素(2)、3-吲哚甲酸(3)、3,9,13-megastigmanetriol (4)、穗花杉双黄酮(5)、yucalexin P-21 (6),其中化合物1~5为首次从该植物中分离得到。用滤纸片琼脂扩散法测定了这些化合物的抗菌活性,结果表明化合物1、3、4和6对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)和金黄色葡萄球菌均有抑制作用。     

黄花三宝木枝条的化学成分研究II

为了解黄花三宝木(Trigonostemon lutescens Y.T.Chang et J.Y.Liang)的化学成分,采用硅胶柱色谱与Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱从黄花三宝木乙醇提取物的石油醚与正丁醇萃取部分共分离11个化合物,其结构分别鉴定为:ent-kaurane-3β,16β-diol(1)、(3R,6R,7E)-3-hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-9-one(2)、palmarumycin JC2(3)、(±)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol(4)、赤式-愈创木基甘油-β-O-4′-松柏基醚(5)、苏式-愈创木基甘油-β-O-4′-松柏基醚(6)、3-hydroxymethyl-5-(3-hydroxypropyl)-7-methoxy-2-{3-methoxy-4-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]phenyl}-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran(7)、ancistrocline(8)、hamatine(9)、东莨菪苷(10)和紫丁香苷(11)。上述化合物均为首次从该种植物中分离得到,其中化合物1、3~11为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

Chemical constituents from the fruits of Sonneratia caseolaris and Sonneratia ovata (Sonneratiaceae)

Nine (1–9) and seven (1–6, 10) compounds were isolated from the fruits of Sonneratia caseolaris and Sonneratia ovata, respectively. Their structures were identified by comparing their MS and NMR data as well as the physical properties with the literature. All the isolated compounds were screened against a rat glioma C-6 cell line using the MTT assay method; only compounds (-)-(R)-nyasol (1), (-)-(R)-4′-O-methylnyasol (2) and maslinic acid (6) were found to show moderate cytotoxic activity. Our findings from these two kinds of fruits can be used as a foundation for further chemotaxonomic studies on Sonneratia species. The nor-lignans (1, 2) and 6H-benzo[b,d]pyran-6-one derivatives (3, 4) were isolated from this genus for the first time, indicating that these two classes of compounds may tentatively be considered as taxonomic markers for Sonneratia genus.     

Bioactive polyhydroxylated sterols from the marine sponge Haliclona crassiloba

Four new polyhydroxylated sterols, named halicrasterols A–D (1–4), together with six known analogs (5–10) were isolated from the marine sponge Haliclona crassiloba. Compounds 1 and 2 represented rare examples of steroids featuring 17(20)E-double bonds. The structures of 1–10 were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with reported data. This is the first report of a steroid profile for this species. The antimicrobial activities of 1–10 were evaluated against a panel of bacterial and fungal strains in vitro, and compounds 4 and 9 showed moderate activity against some of the Gram-positive strains with MICs ranging from 4 to 32 μg/mL.     

陆地革菌的化学成分研究

从陆地革菌(Thelephora terrestris)子实体中分离得到9个已知化合物,经波谱学分析鉴定为:(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β -醇 (1),(22E, 24R)-麦角甾-7, 22-二烯-3β ,5α,6β -三醇 (2),(22E,24R)-麦角甾-4,6,8(14),22-四烯-3-酮 (3),24-亚甲基羊毛甾-8-烯-3β -醇 (4),熊果酸 (5),木栓酮 (6),cerebroside B (7),(2S,3S,4R,2'R)-2-(2'-羟基二十二碳酰氨基)-十八碳烷-1,3,4-三醇 (8),(2S,3S,4R,2'R)-2-(2'-羟基二十三碳酰氨基)-十八碳烷-1,3,4-三醇 (9)。     

桃金娘叶的化学成分研究

为了解桃金娘[Rhodomyrtus tomentosa(Ait.) Hassk.]的化学成分,从其叶的醇提物中分离得到10个化合物,经波谱分析分别鉴定为羽扇豆醇(1)、杨梅素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(2)、rhodomyrtone (3)、4,8,9,10-四羟基-2,3,7-三甲氧基蒽醌-6-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(4)、豆甾醇(5)、山奈酚-3-O-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖苷(6)、杨梅素(7)、23-羟基委陵菜酸(8)、2α,3β,19α,23-四羟基乌苏-12-烯-28-酸28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(9)和laricitrin (10)。其中化合物5~10均为首次从桃金娘中分离得到。化合物3对金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌表现出显著的抗菌活性(MIC=0.78μg mL–1)。