蛇油、蛇肉、蛇血、蛇胆、蛇毒、蛇蜕的应用

蛇 ,早在《本草纲目》就有记载 ,其性温平 ,入肝、脾二经 ,治诸风、顽癣、皮肤不红风疹 ,清内火 ,清热解毒等 ,其内走脏腑 ,外彻皮肤 ,自然界中的蛇无论有毒无毒皆具食用和药用价值。1　蛇油　　中医常用来治疗冻疮及烫伤 ,近年研究发现蛇油中以不饱和脂肪酸为主 ,其对皮肤粘膜有较强的亲和渗透性易被皮肤吸收 ,所以近年多用来制成美容护肤的化妆品 ,研究证明蛇油具有加速皮肤的新陈代谢 ,增强细胞活力 ,抗皮肤衰老 ,增加光泽等功效 ,1 999年笔者曾用蛇油加入适量血竭、儿茶成功治愈 1例十年臁疮患者 ,患者老年男性 ,因多处医治无效 ,就诊时…     

会议、书刊、评论

862338疫苗的现代方法会议(美国纽约;1985年9月11~15日)〔译自CBA,1955,(7),2413〕 详情询会议协调人或程序注册人。地址:Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory,Box 100,Cold Spring Harbor,NY11724,USA。(金人一)862339第一届蛋白质工程会议(英国伦敦;1985年11月21一22日)〔译自CBA,1985,(7),2414〕 详情询Oyez Saentifi。and TeehniealServiees’Ltd。地址:Bath House,56Holborn Viaduet,London ECIA ZEX。 (金人一)862340人类淋巴细胞活素。治疗和市场展望(英国伦敦,1985年10月9日)〔译自CBA,1985,(7),2415〕 详情询Oyez Seie…     

甲状腺、胰岛、垂体

甲状腺人体最大的内分泌腺,左右各一叶,腺体重约20—40克.主要分泌甲状腺素和三碘甲状腺氨酸. 甲状腺含碘约5—7毫克,占全身总碘量的90％.正常人每天从食物中摄取约150—500微克的碘,其中1/3为甲状腺所摄取,2/3由肾脏排出体外.有人估计,人体每天合成80微克左右甲状腺激素,每周需供应约1毫克的碘,每年需碘约35—50毫克. 甲状腺具有很强的选择性摄取、浓缩、转运碘的能力.正常甲状腺中与血浆中含碘浓度之比为25—50:1,即浓缩25—50倍.当腺体受刺激时,其浓缩能力可高达350倍. 甲状腺素能加速体内大多数细胞的氧化率、增加产热、使基础代谢率增高.据估计,1毫克甲状腺素可使产热增加1,000千卡,相当于250克葡萄糖或110克脂肪所产生的热量. 胰岛胰岛是胰脏的内分泌组织,正常成人的胰脏约有25万—175万个胰岛(有的书上估计约200万个胰岛)、约占胰腺总体积的1—2％.人胰腺的每克组织约含有1—2单位的胰岛素.正常人每天可分泌25—50单位胰岛素人血.成人空腹血浆胰岛素的浓度为10—20微单位/毫升(一个微单位是百万分之一单位). 胰岛素是调节糖、蛋白质和脂肪代谢,维持血糖于正常水平的主要激素.它可促进葡萄糖透过细胞膜进入细胞,正常人血糖浓度在80—     

花、基因、禾本科

进化发育生物学的一个重要任务就是揭示形态多样性的分子基础,该领域的研究包含形态、形态发育相关基因和形态所属类群等三个要素。花/花序是进化发育生物学研究的首要对象,系统发育重建和个体发育剖析的结合将促进认知花的形态进化。发育相关基因的进化表现为等位基因遗传或表观遗传的突变,基因家族生与死的进化,不同基因组拥有独特的基因。运用形态学或序列分析方法很大程度揭示了禾本科植物花进化过程中的基因进化。试从学科问题、思路方法以及具体例子介绍植物进化发育生物学。     

市场、立法、安全

863419美国长ibi公司出售股份〔英]未署名了Ribi ImmunoChem Research公司新闻稿一01 .07.85〔译自CBA,1985,(9),25一5〕 Ribi ImmunoChem Research公司申请一次公开出售普通股份150万股,还有某些股东的25万股。(金人一)863420两家大公司的公司战略〔英叮Kla-usner,A.了B主。/Teehnol一1985,3(7)一605~612仁译自CBA,2985,(9),2816〕 有些人说,Genentee},和CetuS两家美国公司是生物技术公司中的两巨头。本文考察这两家公司的公司战略。(金人一)863421日本Takara酿酒公司[英〕/未将名了B 10/Teehnology一1985,3(7)一603仁译自CBA,1…     

会议、书刊、评论

863439分子生物学已变成生物技术(1986年i月22~24日,日本东京)〔译自CBA,1985,(9),3153〕 详情询《Nat。re》杂志伦敦和东京办事处。(金人一)863440生物技术的工程收益(1985年11月21一22日,美国加州洛杉矶)〔译自CBA,1985,(9),3154〕 详情询Mr.Ray Goodwin,CONRES-CO,6 Northbrook Park,Lexington,MA 02173.USA。(金人一)863441生物技术的工程效益(1985年10月24一25日,美国首都华盛顿)〔译自CBA,1 985,(9),3155〕 详情询Mr.Ray Goodwin,CONRE-SCO,6 Northbrook Park,Lexingt-on,MA .02173,USA。(金人一)863442为农业和…     

会议、书刊、评论

861835 欧洲分子生物学组织(EMBO)举办链霉菌(Streptomyces)的遗传操作讲座(1985年7月13～27日,英国诺里奇John Innes Institute)[译自CBA,1985,(6),2083]     

会议、书刊、评论

860635 NOPROT 85:新蛋白质生产和未充分利用资源开发第二届讨论会(1985年10月23一25日,葡萄牙里斯本)〔译自CBA,1985,(5),1684〕详情询     

花柄、花梗、花轴、花序和花葶

在花一节的教学中,花柄、花梗、花轴、花序轴、花葶、花序梗是几个极易混淆的名词。这些名词在单生花和簇生花中,有时含意不相同。花柄又称花梗,是指单生花的柄或簇生花的每朵花着生的小枝(如图a、c、e)。花轴对单     

染色质、染色体、染色单体、同源染色体、姐妹染色单体

在真核细胞的细胞核中,有一种分布不均匀的物质,易被碱性染料(如苏木精)所染色,称之为染色质(chromatin)。当细胞进入分裂期(M期)时,染色质就逐渐螺旋化,并反复折叠成为具有一定形态特征的小体,称之为染色体(chromosome)。可见,染色质和染色体是遗传物质在细胞周期中不同时期的描述用语,其物质本原是同一的,但又有差别(在形态上),是两个不同的概念。即当我们描述细胞分裂的遗传物质情况时,称之为染色体,而说明间期的遗传物质情况时,称之为染色质。正常二倍体细胞的染色体经过S(synthesis)期后,     

Embryo and Endosperm Function and Failure inSolanumSpecies and Hybrids

Although the importance of the endosperm as a food store inmany angiosperm seeds is well known, its significance duringearly embryogenesis has been neglected. In many interspecifichybrids, and in some other situations, embryos do not developfully and abort. It has often been stated that this is causedby the endosperm failing to conduct sufficient nutrients tothe embryo, but seldom has it been suggested that the endospermactively controls most of the early stages of morphogenesisof the embryo. Information gleaned from a broad survey of theliterature, combined with additional evidence presented here,obtained fromSolanum incanumand interspecific hybrids, indicatethat the endosperm is dynamic and very active in regulatingearly embryo development. This requires highly integrated geneticcontrol of rapidly changing metabolism in the endosperm. Ininterspecific hybrids, lack of coordination may cause unbalancedproduction of growth regulating substances by the endospermand hence abortion of the embryo, or even unregulated productionof nucleases and proteases resulting firstly in autolysis ofthe endosperm and then digestion of the embryo. The endospermmay thus serve to detect inappropriate hybridization of speciesor ploidy levels and so prevent waste of resources by producingseeds that would result in sterile hybrids or unthrifty subsequentgenerations. This discriminatory function of the endosperm hasdiminished during evolution and domestication of the crop plantSolanummelongenaL.Copyright 1998 Annals of Botany Company Solanum, embryo morphogenesis, endosperm, hybrid, seed development.     

HIFs and tumors--causes and consequences

For most organisms oxygen is essential fo life. When oxygen levels drop below those required to maintain the minimum physiological oxygen requirement of an organism or tissue it is termed hypoxia. To counter act possible deleterious effects of such a state, an immediate molecular response is initiated causing adaptation responses aimed at cell survival. This response is mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), which is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha- and a beta-subunit. HIF-1 alpha protein is stabilized under hypoxic conditions and therefore confers selectivity to this response. Hypoxia is characteristic of tumors, mainly because of impaired blood supply resulting from abnormal growth. Over the past few years enormous progress has been made in the attempt to understand how the activation of the physiological response to hypoxia influences neoplastic growth. In this review some aspects of HIF-1 pathway activation in tumors and the consequences for pathophysiology and treatment of neoplasia are discussed.     

Pragmatic Women and Body Politics and Maternities and Modernities: Colonial and Postcolonial Experiences in Asia and the Pacific

Pragmatic Women and Body Politics. Margaret Lock and Patricia A. Kaufert. eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998. xii +364 pp.
Maternities and Modernities: Colonial and Postcolonial Experiences in Asia and the Pacific. Kalpana Ram and Margaret Jolly. eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998. xiv. 305 pp.     

Morphological and constitutional features and self-esteem in children and adolescents

Studies of human constitution and mental features are traditionally among the main concepts of anthropological research. In this research, we attempted to discover connections between morphological and constitutional features and self-esteem in children and adolescents. Such a connection was discovered in some studied age groups. The obtained results could serve as a basis for further studies in this field.     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。