Specific effect of manganese on the allantoinase of Vigna Radiata

Vigna radiata seedlings germinated in the presence of Mn²⁺ show an unusual increase in allantoinase activity which is proportional to Mn²⁺ concentration up to 5 mM. Though Mn²⁺ is not an activator for V. radiata allantoinase, it specifically protects allantoinase against thermal as well as papain-catalysed inactivation. Evidence is presented to show that the primary effect of Mn²⁺ is a protective one, both in vitro and in vivo, and that this is reflected in the observed enhancement of allantoinase activity in Mn²⁺ grown seedlings. That this unusual effect of Mn²⁺ is a specific one is indicated by the lack of a similar effect with Mg²⁺. Cu²⁺ is shown to destabilize V. radiata allantoinase in vitro as well as in vivo.     

商陆对锰污染土壤的修复实验研究

商陆是在中国境内发现的多年生、草本型锰超积累植物。通过室内土培试验,评价商陆对土壤中锰的去除潜力,确定最佳收获时间,以期达到最佳的重金属污染土壤植物修复效果。结果表明:商陆能将土壤中的锰转运到地上部位,叶片中Mn含量最高,平均值为17 043 mg/kg DW,远远大于茎和根的锰含量均值;单株的平均富集量在浓度为500 mg/kg DW时达最高,一棵商陆可富集平均13 mg的Mn;动态修复中确定的最佳收获时间为60 d,不同时间收获的商陆地下部分生物量差异不明显(P0.05),地上部分则差异较大。连续收获不改变其锰生物富集能力。这表明商陆对锰有较强的富集能力,是一种优良的修复锰污染土壤的物种,对土壤重金属污染的治理及植物修复领域数据库的完善具有重要意义。     

紫孢侧耳Ps-mnp1基因克隆与蛋白结构预测

克隆紫孢侧耳PS1菌株锰过氧化物酶基因Ps-mnp1,具有生物降解木质素的活性,可用于分析锰过氧化物酶的蛋白功能与结构,并对深入了解紫孢侧耳Ps-mnp1基因功能和转录调控具有重要意义。基于ITS序列分析,明确了该菌株的分类地位。根据Gen Bank中白腐菌Mn Ps保守序列设计引物,采用染色体步移法和逆转录PCR法获得Ps-mnp1基因,Gen Bank登录号为(KP189358.1)。在克隆Ps-mnp1基因并分析蛋白结构时,采用多种现代生物信息学技术,经染色体步移法克隆的DNA全长序列后,利用contigexpress拼接软件预测Psmnp1基因的c DNA全长序列;使用Bio Edit分析软件对DNA和c DNA核苷酸序列比对;通过Augustus网站预测RNA的剪接位点并在NCBI上进行同源序列比对校正;采用基因结构软件对比了解白腐菌Mn Ps基因的内含子/外显子的组成。序列分析表明Ps-mnp1的DNA全长序列1 854 bp,具有外显子14条和内含子13条。从Ps-mnp1与其它白腐菌Mn Ps基因的内含子/外显子组成分析来看,紫孢侧耳和糙皮侧耳同属于侧耳属,但它们之间的Mn Ps基因结构完全不同。Ps-mnp1开放阅读框为1 095 bp,起始密码子ATG,终止密码子TAA,编码364 aa,含有20 aa残基构成的信号肽序列。采用MEGA 5.1软件构建的蛋白系统进化树表明Ps-mnp1与6株白腐菌蛋白聚类在短枝Mn Ps,区分了含有5个二硫键组成的长枝Mn Ps组群;此外,构建的蛋白同源模型表明,与刺芹侧耳多功能过氧化物酶相似度为72.51%,蛋白配体中结合位点有1个含铁血红素、2个钙离子、1个锰离子等,这些结合位点为不守恒。该研究为紫孢侧耳锰过氧化物酶的结构,蛋白功能Ps-mnp1奠定了基础,并进一步为Ps-mnp1的蛋白质工程改造提供借鉴作用。     

fliY基因失活减弱沙福芽孢杆菌ST7菌株的锰氧化能力

【背景】沙福芽孢杆菌ST7菌株具有较强的锰氧化能力,但其分子机制不清楚。【目的】着重研究鞭毛马达开关蛋白基因(fliY)对沙福芽孢杆菌锰氧化能力的影响。【方法】根据同源重组原理,以沙福芽孢杆菌ST7菌株为起始菌株,构建fliY基因敲除的突变株ΔfliY,测定菌落迁徙、细菌生物膜和锰氧化率等,研究fliY基因突变后菌株的运动能力、生物膜生成和锰氧化能力是否发生变化。【结果】经克隆测序,证实突变株ΔfliY中fliY基因的后半段被卡纳霉素抗性基因取代,fliY基因失活;与野生型菌株ST7相比,突变株ΔfliY在全营养的LB培养基中生长变化不大,但在含锰的PYCM培养基中,突变株的生长速度减慢、菌落较小、生物膜生成量显著下降,运动性和锰氧化能力分别下降65%和20%。【结论】fliY基因不仅影响菌株的生长和运动,而且参与细菌的趋化和锰氧化等生物学过程。     

应用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术评价广西平乐锰矿废弃地土壤的污染状况

分别选取废弃地上的花生地、柿树地、柑桔地和桃树地等4个采样点进行调查和监测,测定了各采样点土壤浸提物的蚕豆根尖细胞微核千分率(MCN‰)和污染指数(PI),应用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术对广西平乐锰矿废弃地土壤的污染状况进行了评价,并对造成土壤污染的原因进行了分析讨论。结果表明,用浸提法处理的4个采样点土壤的根尖细胞微核千分率(MCN‰)均明显高于对照组(P<0.05),其中柑桔地的污染程度最严重,污染指数达到了2.93;污染程度最轻的是花生地,其污染指数为1.97。这表明广西平乐锰矿废弃地土壤均存在不同程度的污染,在锰矿废弃地土壤上早期不宜种植食用的农作物。     

青葙对土壤锰的耐性和富集特征

通过盆栽试验,研究了青葙(Celosia argentea Linn.)对不同浓度(0、50、100、200、300、500 mg/kg)锰(Mn)污染土壤的吸收和积累特性。结果表明,青葙的锰含量、生物富集系数和生物量均随着土壤锰浓度的增加而增加。当土壤锰含量为300 mg/kg时,青葙生长良好。在锰浓度500 mg/kg时,青葙叶片边缘出现轻微褪绿现象,但是植株的生长未受到抑制,并且叶片生物量显著增加(P0.05)。此时,叶片中锰含量达到最大值42927 mg/kg,生物富集系数为69.20。青葙吸收的锰有95%—97%被转移到地上部分,表明该植物对锰具有很强转运能力。本研究的结果为利用青葙修复锰污染土壤提供了有力证据。     

锰胁迫对盐肤木种子萌发、幼苗生长及理化特性的影响

为揭示植物适应锰胁迫的生理机制,通过在不同Mn²⁺浓度(0、1、5、10、15、20 mmol/L)下开展盐肤木(Rhus chinensis)种子萌发以及幼苗生长实验,检测锰胁迫处理7、15、30 d后幼苗生理生化特性的变化。结果表明:(1)随着Mn²⁺浓度的升高,盐肤木种子发芽率变化不显著,在80.0%-81.6%之间,发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数则呈先升后降的趋势;其幼苗生物量也呈现先升后降的趋势;(2)随着Mn²⁺浓度的升高与胁迫时间的延长,盐肤木幼苗叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量均呈现先增加后降低的趋势,类胡萝卜素含量呈现下降的趋势;(3)胁迫7 d时,随着Mn²⁺浓度的升高,盐肤木幼苗超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均显著上升;胁迫15、30 d时,高Mn²⁺浓度(15-20 mmol/L)下POD、CAT活性则均降低;(4)胁迫7 d时,随着Mn²⁺浓度的升高,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离脯氨酸含量升高;胁迫15、30 d时,在Mn²⁺浓度为20 mmol/L时可溶性蛋白与游离脯氨酸含量显著降低;(5)随着Mn²⁺浓度的升高与胁迫时间的延长,丙二醛(MDA)含量均升高。研究说明盐肤木具有较强的耐受锰胁迫能力,它可通过增强抗氧化酶活性、积累渗透调节物质含量来应对锰胁迫。     

Effects of MULTIFOLIATE-PINNA, AFILA, TENDRIL-LESS and UNIFOLIATA genes on leafblade architecture in Pisum sativum

In order to dissect the genetic regulation of leafblade morphogenesis, 16 genotypes of pea, constructed by combining the wild-type and mutant alleles of MFP, AF, TL and UNI genes, were quantitatively phenotyped. The morphological features of the three domains of leafblades of four genotypes, unknown earlier, were described. All the genotypes were found to differ in leafblade morphology. It was evident that MFP and TL functions acted as repressor of pinna ramification, in the distal domain. These functions, with and without interaction with UNI, also repressed the ramification of proximal pinnae in the absence of AF function. The expression of MFP and TL required UNI function. AF function was found to control leafblade architecture multifariously. The earlier identified role of AF as a repressor of UNI in the proximal domain was confirmed. Negative control of AF on the UNI-dependent pinna ramification in the distal domain was revealed. It was found that AF establishes a boundary between proximal and distal domains and activates formation of leaflet pinnae in the proximal domain.     

Prosthecium species with Stegonsporium anamorphs on Acer

Data from microscopic morphology, single-spore cultures, and DNA analyses of teleomorphs and anamorphs support the recognition of five species of Prosthecium with Stegonsporium anamorphs on Acer: P. acerinum sp. nov., the teleomorph of S. acerinum; P. acerophilum comb. nov., formerly known as Dictyoporthe acerophila; P. galeatum comb. nov., originally described as Massaria galeata; P. opalus sp. nov.; and P. pyriforme sp. nov., the teleomorph of S. pyriforme s. str. The morphology of both type specimens and freshly collected material was investigated. The teleomorphs have brown ellipsoidal ascospores with five distosepta and often a longitudinal distoseptum. The anamorphs of all species described here belong to Stegonsporium; their connection to the Prosthecium teleomorphs was demonstrated by morphology and DNA sequences of single spore cultures derived from both ascospores and conidia. The anamorphs and teleomorphs of all five Prosthecium species are described and illustrated by LM images, and a key to these species is provided. As perceived from this work, S. pyriforme is restricted to Europe and does not occur in North America, whereas S. acerinum is restricted to North America, not found in Europe. The host associations given in the literature are revised and evidence is provided that only A. opalus, A. pseudoplatanus, and A. saccharum are confirmed hosts of Prosthecium with Stegonsporium anamorphs. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of tef1, ITS rDNA, and partial nuLSU rDNA sequences confirm that the species with Stegonsporium anamorphs are closely related to P. ellipsosporum, the generic type species. Stilbospora macrosperma is confirmed as the anamorph of P. ellipsosporum by DNA data of single spore isolates obtained from both ascospores and conidia.     

锰胁迫下盐肤木锰富集及生理响应特征

为揭示盐肤木(Rhus chinensis)锰积累特征与耐受机制,该研究通过盆栽试验方法,分析0(CK)、1、5、10和20 mmol·L^-1Mn²⁺胁迫对半年生盐肤木幼苗生长、生理生化特征及其锰富集特征的影响。结果表明：(1)盐肤木在Mn²⁺浓度为0～10 mmol·L^-1条件下生长发育状况良好,且在5 mmol·L^-1Mn²⁺处理下叶片舒展,叶片颜色较深,生长最佳,而在20 mmol·L^-1Mn²⁺条件下部分叶片出现褐色斑点、萎蔫卷边的现象;随着Mn²⁺浓度的升高,盐肤木幼苗的生物量呈先升高后下降的趋势,并在5 mmol·L^-1Mn²⁺胁迫时最高。(2)随着Mn²⁺浓度的升高,盐肤木叶片中光合色素含量呈先升后降的趋势,且在Mn²⁺浓度为5 mmol·L^-1时达到峰值。(3)随着M...     

Impact of moisture on in vitro germination of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana and their activity on Triatoma infestans

The in vitro germination of 11 Metarhizium anisopliae and 11 Beauveria bassiana isolates originating from substrates collected in rural peridomestic areas in Central Brazil where triatomines are common was tested. Conidia completed germination up to 24 h after exposure to water activity of >0.99 a_w in all isolates tested. At lower 0.93 a_w germination was delayed but conidia of most isolates germinated at high rates (>98 %) within 216 h of incubation. Activities of 2 M. anisopliae and 2 B. bassiana isolates with different patterns of germination at 0.93 a_w were tested in Triatoma infestans third instar nymphs. There was no relationship between germination kinetics in vitro at 0.93 a_w and their activity in vivo at 98, 75 and 43 % relative humidity (rh). Isolates with accelerated germination at 0.93 a_w were not more virulent at 75 and 43 % rh compared with isolates with retarded or no germination. Highest mortalities were observed at 98 % rh, and they did not exceed 25 % after 25 d incubation at lower 75 and 43 % rh. Isolates that originated from a region with an extensive annual arid period showed no adaptation to lower humidity in their activity against T. infestans.     

Effect of Citrus reticulata and Cymbopogon citratus Essential Oils on Aspergillus flavus Growth and Aflatoxin Production on Asparagus racemosus

Essential oils extracted from Citrus reticulata and Cymbopogon citratus were tested in vitro against the toxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus, isolated from the tuberous roots of Asparagus racemosus, used in preparation of herbal drugs. The essential oils completely inhibited the growth of A. flavus at 750 ppm and also exhibited a broad fungitoxic spectrum against nine additional fungi isolated from the roots. Citrus reticulata and Cymbopogon citratus essential oils completely inhibited aflatoxin B₁ production at 750 and 500 ppm, respectively. During in vivo investigation, the incidence of fungi and aflatoxin B₁ production decreased considerably in essential oil-treated root samples. The findings thus indicate possible exploitation of the essential oils as effective inhibitor of aflatoxin B₁ production and as post-harvest fungitoxicant of traditionally used plant origin for the control of storage fungi. These essential oils may be recommended as plant-based antifungals as well as aflatoxin B₁ suppressors in post-harvest processing of herbal samples.     

白鲢和鳙鱼的随机扩增多态DNA分析

根据鱼类外周血细胞都有核的特点,采用从冷冻和低渗双重处理分离的细胞核提取基因组DNA.以此法获得的白鲢和鳙鱼的基因组DNA为模板,和Operon公司生产的OPN和OPM两个组共40个随机引物,对这两种鱼进行了随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分析;确定了对这两种鱼基因组相关区域可进行随机PCR扩增的有效引物,特别是哪些可产生种群内或群体的RAPD遗传标记,即可产生个体特异性和群体特异性RAPD带谱的引物.讨论了RAPD遗传分子标记在鱼类遗传,特别是遗传多样性研究,和鱼类种质资源评估和管理中的应用前景问题.     

黄病毒科和冠状病毒科病毒侵染中的外泌体研究进展

外泌体是一种在细胞间信息传递和物质运输中起重要作用的细胞外囊泡,它携带来源于宿主细胞的蛋白质、脂质和RNA等物质,并对受体细胞的生理状态产生重要影响.黄病毒科病毒如丙型肝炎病毒和冠状病毒科病毒如新型冠状病毒导致的疾病严重威胁人类健康,深入了解黄病毒科和冠状病毒科病毒与宿主的相互作用,对于筛选治疗的细胞靶点以及外泌体疫苗...     

ECT 6和ECT 7调控拟南芥开花时间的研究北大核心CSCD

m^(6)A修饰是mRNA上含量最丰富的一种修饰,调控mRNA的命运决定。YT521-B同源性(YTH)结构域蛋白是一类典型的m^(6)A“阅读器”,能识别并结合m^(6)A,完成基因的转录后调控。为了探究拟南芥YTH结构域蛋白ECT6和ECT7的功能及其分子机制,该研究对ect 6、ect 7和ect 6 ect 7双突变体进行基因型和半定量PCR鉴定及开花表型观察,通过细胞学观察分析ECT6和ECT7的亚细胞定位,并采用qRT-PCR检测开花关键基因的表达量。结果显示:(1)ECT 6基因组包含5个外显子和4个内含子,ect 6突变体分别插入在ECT 6基因的第3和第5外显子;ECT 7基因组包含6个外显子和5个内含子,ect 7突变体分别插入在ECT 7基因的第4和第6外显子。(2)突变体ect 6和ect 7均为完全敲除的功能缺失突变体,在长日照下二者均表现出开花提前和叶片数减少。(3)在长日照和短日照下ect6 ect7双突变体均表现出开花提前和叶片数减少。(4)开花抑制基因FLC和成花素基因FT是关键的开花调控因子,qRT-PCR分析结果显示,在ect 6 ect 7双突变体中,FLC的表达水平降低,FT的表达水平升高,且春化通路基因VIN 3、VRN 2、VRN 5和自主通路基因FVE的表达水平也显著升高。(5)ECT6和ECT7均定位于细胞核和细胞质中。     

Species of Colletotrichum on Agavaceae

Species of Colletotrichum cause diseases on a wide range of hosts, frequently infecting plants in the Agavaceae (monocotyledons: Liliales). Three species of Colletotrichum restricted to the Agavaceae were detected through morphological studies of specimens and molecular sequence analyses of the LSU of the nu-rDNA and the ITS region of the nu-rDNA from cultures. Colletotrichum agaves on Agave is fully described and illustrated. Colletotrichum dracaenophilum is described as a new species for isolates having long conidia and occurring on Dracaena sanderiana from China. Colletotrichum phormii and Glomerella phormii are determined to be the correct scientific names for the asexual and sexual states, respectively, of a species commonly referred to as C. rhodocyclum and G. phacidiomorpha occurring mainly on Phormium. In addition, C. gloeosporioides and C. boninense were isolated from plants in the Agavaceae. All species of Colletotrichum described on Agavaceae were evaluated based on type specimens. A key to the five species of Colletotrichum on Agavaceae is included. This paper includes one new species, Colletotrichum dracaenophilum, and three new combinations, Colletotrichum phormii, Glomerella phormii, and Phaeosphaeriopsis phacidiomorpha.     

Antifungal activity in vitro of Baccharis glutinosa and Ambrosia confertiflora extracts on Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus and Fusarium verticillioides

The aims of this study were to evaluate the antifungal properties of Baccharis glutinosa and Ambrosia confertiflora extracts against Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus and Fusarium verticillioides, and to isolate the group of compounds that are responsible for the antifungal activity. Samples of aerial parts from each plant were extracted with 70% methanol and sequentially partitioned with hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The partitioned fractions were evaluated in their capacity to inhibit the radial growth of the three species of fungi. The active fraction was used for an assay-guided chromatography of antifungal extracts. The results showed that the extract from B. glutinosa partitioned in ethyl acetate (Bea) showed the highest antifungal activity against the three fungi. Bea completely inhibited the growth of F. verticillioides at 0.8 mg/ml, whereas the radial growth of A. flavus and A. parasiticus was inhibited 70% at 1.5 mg/ml. The purified antifungal fraction from Bea showed 72, 54, and 52% of antifungal activity, respectively.