Three new species and a new combination in the genusTorulomyces from soil

Seven isolates ofTorulomyces from Asian and Australian soil samples were studied in comparison with known taxa of the genus and withMonocillium indicum, the type species ofMonocillium. Three new species,Torulomyces parviverrucosus, T. laevis, andT. ovatus, are described, andT. brunneus is described as a new combination. Conidial characteristics, especially their shape and surface structure, are useful taxonomic criteria for distinguishing species ofTorulomyces. Monocillium is considered to be a distinct genus.     

On a new species of Pseudocapillaria (Nematoda: Trichuroidea), P. lepidocephali,from the estuarine fish Lepidocephalus (Lepidocephalichthys) guntea (Hamilton)

Pseudocapillaria lepidocephali n. sp., parasitic in the intestine of the loach Lepidocephalus (Lepidocephalichthys) guntea from the Hooghly estuary at Kalyani, West Bengal, India, is described. The parasite is characterised mainly by its small body size, the structure of the male caudal end (the presence of mediumsized ventro-lateral lobes and the absence of a dorsal membrane), the presence of a non-spinous spicular sheath, the structure of the stichosome (26–34 stichocytes present), and the size and structure of the eggs. This is the first species of the genus Pseudocapillaria described from India and also from the genus Lepidocephalus.     

First mesozoic representative of the subfamily tenebrioninae (Coleoptera,Tenebrionidae) from the lower cretaceous of Yixian (China,Liaoning)

A new genus and a new species of the tenebrionine tribe Alphitobiini, Alphitopsis initialis gen. et sp. nov. is described from Yixian (Liaoning Province, China). The new genus is the oldest member of the subfamily Tenebrioninae and it is most similar to Metaclisa Jacquelin du Val, 1861, but differs from all the genera of the tribe Alphitobiini in the structure of elytral epipleura and antennae.     

A new genus and species of darkling beetles of the tribe Helopini (Coleoptera,Tenebrionidae) from Turkey

A new genus and species Microdocnemis xerophilicus gen. et sp. n. of the tenebrionid-beetle tribe Helopini is described from southwestern Turkey. The new genus belongs to the cylindrinotoid group of genera and is closely related to the genus Odocnemis Allard, 1876 in the structure of the male genitalia and female genital tubes and in the denticulation of the inner margin of the fore tibia. Microdocnemis differs from Odocnemis in the following characters: body very weakly flattened dorsally and ventrally; apical part of elytra, body ventrally, and epipleura with hairs; anal sternite with double bordering; apical margins of tibiae with short thick spines. The only species of the new genus inhabits xerophytic stony biotopes and has been found under stones; the species of the genus Odocnemis live on tree trunks covered with lichens.     

Fine structure of the dinoflagellate Aureodinium pigmentosum gen. et sp. nov.

The morphology and fine structure of a small marine dinoflagellate Aureodinium pigmentosum gen. et sp. nov. is described. In the motile state this organism possesses a delicate theca and two typically dinoflagellate flagella. The fine structure is similar in many respects to that of Woloszynskia micra Leadbeater & Dodge, which has already been described in detail. However, the new genus differs from Woloszynskia in having stalked pyrenoids and not having trichocysts. Peridinin is the main xanthophyll pigment. A non-motile athecate phase of the organism is also described.     

A New Ciliate Genus Trichodoxa n. g. (Ciliata,Peritricha, Mobilina,Trichodinidae) with Two New Species from the Genital System of Terrestrial Pulmonates1

ABSTRACT. A new ciliate genus Trichodoxa n. g. and two new species (T. genitalis n. sp., T. phalli n. sp.) are described and figured. These are only the second and third species of the family Trichodinidae to be described from the genital system of terrestrial molluscs. Only one tier of cilia surrounds the basal disc. This character, the course of the infundibular ciliature. structure of the coronal denticles, and structure of the border membrane differentiate the new genus from others in the family.     

Tropical fungus-feeding Thysanoptera of the genus Macrophthalmo thrips

The genus Macrophthalmothrips is redefined from a study of all the described species. One new species is described from Jamaica, five species are placed in synonymy, and a key is provided to the thirteen species now recognised. Variation in colour and antennal structure is discussed, and notes are given on the biology and distribution of the species.     

Ellobiophrya conviva n. sp., a Commensal of Marine Ectoprocts,and a Revision of the Family Ellobiophryidae (Ciliophora,Peritricha)1

The sessiline peritrich Ellobiophrya conviva n. sp. is described from marine ectoprocts of the genus Bugula, the first report of an ellobiophryid on bryozoan hosts. The new species is distinguished from others of its genus by its different body proportions, size, host, and structure of the clasping holdfast (for which the new name cinctum is chosen). Ellobiophrya conviva has been found only on B. neritina and B. turrita and shows a marked seasonal cycle of abundance. The family Ellobiophryidae Chatton & Lwoff is revised on the basis of new information provided by E. conviva, with the single species of the genus Clausophrya removed to Ellobiophrya as E. oblida Naidenova & Zaika n. comb. The genus Caliperia Laird remains unchanged. The two genera of the revised family are distinguished from one another by differences in the structure of the cinctum. Hypotheses are advanced to explain the morphogenesis of the cinctum and the evolution of ellobiophryids from other peritrichs.     

On the Paleozoic bryozoans of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ascopora</Emphasis> Trautschold

Based on the study of the neotype and the astogeny of the type specimens of the species Ascopora nodosa (Fischer von Waldheim, 1837), the diagnosis and species composition of the genus Ascopora Trautschold, 1876 are emended. The genus Ascopora and three species out of the five included in this genus—A. nodosa (Fischer von Waldheim, 1837); A. sokolovae Schulga-Nesterenko, 1955; and A. latiaxis Schulga-Nesterenko, 1955—are described. A new genus, Tetrasella gen. nov., with the type species T. blanda sp. nov. is described. This genus comprises five species, transferred from the composition of the genus Ascopora. An emended diagnosis of the genus Ascoporella Krutchinina, 1986, is provided. This genus comprises nine species, of which two, A. lecta sp. nov. and A. mera sp. nov., are described as new species.     

Elasmobranchs from the Lower Triassic Sulphur Mountain Formation near Wapiti Lake (BC, Canada)

Hybodontoid and nonhybodontoid sharks are described from the Lower Triassic Vega‐Phroso Siltstone Member of Sulphur Mountain Formation on the basis of newly discovered material. The age of the classic fossil site ‘Wapiti Lake’ in the Canadian Rocky Mountains is discussed on the basis of new field data and one conodont found in association. Preliminary results suggest that these elasmobranch remains are between early Smithian and Spathian in age. Apart from the enigmatic genus Listracanthus and previously reported edestoids, the shark fauna consists of at least one hybodont, at least two questionable hybodontoid genera and an elasmobranch of enigmatic affinities, represented by peculiar denticles only and described as ‘genus A’incertae sedis. The presence of the only previously reported hybodont genus, cf. Palaeobates, is erroneous. The largest specimen represents the most complete Early Mesozoic shark known. The heterodonty of its dentition, fin spine morphology and the short, robust body shape imply it represents a member of a new family of shark, Wapitiodidae fam. nov. , and is described here as Wapitiodus aplopagus gen. et sp. nov. The unique dental morphology shows affinities to Polyacrodus but clearly differs in the complete lack of side cusps. Wapitiodus gen. nov. possesses a primitive fin spine structure. The tooth crowns are entirely blunt in the distal (posterior) tooth files, and are acuminate‐unicuspid in several anterior files. Tooth morphology, the shape of the basal cartilages, the proximal insertion of the fin spines and the pectoral fin structure are interpreted as diagnostic characters for this new genus, and possibly for the Wapitiodidae fam. nov. The majority of observed characters appear to be primitive and are reminiscent of Palaeozoic sharks, however, and these features include dorsal fin spine morphology and gross skull anatomy. A second species, provisionally placed in the same genus, is described as Wapitiodus homalorhizo sp. nov. Wapitiodus homalorhizo sp. nov. can be distinguished from W. aplopagus gen. et sp. nov. by the proportions of the fin spines, tooth morphology and possibly the body shape. Several isolated teeth and other fragmentary material are referred to either Wapitiodus gen. nov. sp. indet. or to ?Polyacrodus sp. (Polyacrodontidae gen. et sp. indet.). A third genus of elasmobranch (incertae sedis) is described as ‘Genus A’ and is recognized by its peculiar scales. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 149 , 309–337.     

New stoneflies (Insecta: Perlida = Plecoptera) from the late Mesozoic locality Khasurty,Transbaikalia

From the Lower Cretaceous locality Khasurty, western Transbaikalia, a new genus and species, Rasnitsyrina culonga, gen. et sp. nov. are described in the family Perlariopseidae. R. desiliens (Sinitshenkova, 1987), originally described in the genus Karanemoura Sinitshenkova, 1987, is transferred to the new genus. Two new species belonging to recent families are described: Dimoula khasurtensis sp. nov. (Nemouridae) and Jurataenionema rohdendorfi sp. nov. (Taeniopterygidae). All new species are described from fossils of adults.     

Three new species of gnathostomulida from the West Atlantic

Two new species of Gnathostomulida from Bermuda and one from North Carolina are described. All belong to the higher Bursovaginoidae with two occurring in the genus Austrognathia and one in the genus Gnathostomula. Tables of major diagnostic characters showing morphological variability within species and between previously described species in the same genus are included. Clarification in recognition of Gnathostomula jenneri and Gnathostomula brunidens is given under “Remarks on Known Species”.     

New representatives of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nahublattella</Emphasis> Bruijning, 1959 (Dictyoptera,Blattellidae) from Central and South America

The following nine new species of the genus Nahublattella Bruijning, 1959 are described from Ecuador and Mexico: N. cuyabeno sp. n., N. alexandri sp. n., N. incurvata sp. n., N. maya sp. n., N. plena sp. n., N. bispina sp. n., N. ultima sp. n., N. beikoi sp. n., and N. reticulata sp. n. The structure of the male genitalia of the new species is described in detail. The genus diagnosis is discussed.     

BRASILONEMA ANGUSTATUM SP. NOV. (NOSTOCALES), A NEW FILAMENTOUS CYANOBACTERIAL SPECIES FROM THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS1

A new filamentous cyanobacterial species of the genus Brasilonema was isolated from the island of Oahu, Hawaii. The taxon is distinguished from the seven other species in the genus by attenuation of trichomes, and is here described as Brasilonema angustatum sp. nov. It possesses the cytoplasmic kerotimization and reddish‐brown coloration of several species in the genus. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence shows B. angustatum within a highly supported clade containing all sequenced Brasilonema species. We compared the secondary structure of the 16S–23S ITS regions for B. octagenarum and B. angustatum. The structurally conservative D1–D1′ and V3 helices show similar motifs between the two taxa, but differ structurally and in sequence, providing additional justification for erection of the new species. The Box‐B helix has identical secondary structure. The existence of tapering in a Brasilonema species is unique in this genus, and requires modification of the current concept of the genus Brasilonema, which was described as being unattenuated. Our phylogenetic evidence supports the hypothesis that tapering has developed repeatedly in separate cyanobacterial lineages and lacks the taxonomic significance once assumed by early workers.     

New representatives of the family Melagathiceratidae (Ammonoidea) from the Lower Triassic of South Primorye

A new ammonoid genus, Ussurijuvenites (Melagathiceratidae), is described from the early Olenekian of South Primorye, represented by two new species (U. popovi sp. nov. and U. artyomensis sp. nov.); data on the inner shell structure of melagathiceratid ammonoids (based on U. artyomensis sp. nov.) are presented for the first time.     

Basispora,a new genus of the Ralfsiaceae

Basispora is recognised as a new genus of the Ralfsiaceae (Phaeophyceae), distinguished from other members of this family by the terminal unilocular sporangia arising on long stalks from near the base of the simple, often assurgent, laterally free erect filaments. The type species Basispora africana is described; it is widely distributed along the West African coast. Two other taxa from New Zealand, formerly included in Hapalospongidium, are transferred to this new genus, necessitating the new combinations Basispora saxigena and B. durvilleae. These three species are separated on the structure of the vegetative thallus, dimensions, shape of the sporangial stalk and on the type of substrate on which they grow.     

Aspects of floral structure and phenology in the genusConophytum (Mesembryanthemaceae)

The complex floral structure in the southern African genusConophytum (Mesembryanthemaceae; 77 spp.) is described in detail and assigned to three basic floral types, two of which can be divided into two subtypes. Correlations between structural features and phenological patterns are demonstrated and discussed in the family context as well as in relation to the systematic subdivision of the genus.     

Macrobothridium rhynchobati n. g., n. sp. from the elasmobranch Rhynchobatus granulatus,representing a new family of diphyllidean cestodes,the Macrobothridiidae

Macrobothridium rhynchobati n. g., n. sp. from the guitarfish Rhynchobatus granulatus in Kuwaiti waters in the Arabian Gulf is described and figured. The new genus differs from Echinobothrium in having a short unarmed peduncle and a posterior sucker-like structure in the terminal proglottid. It differs from Ditrachybothridium in having a powerful rostellum with dorsal and ventral groups of hooks and in having unarmed bothridia. A new family, the Macrobothridiidae, assigned to the order Diphyllidea is erected. Larval forms are described and figured.