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1.
Andrea Hickel Georg Heinrich Helmut Schwab Herfried Griengl 《Biotechnology Techniques》1997,11(1):55-58
Plant extracts from a variety of plant tissues were screened for hydroxynitrile lyase activity using a screening assay based
on the conversion of mandelonitrile to benzaldehyde and HCN. Many plants extracts were discovered that catalysed the cleavage
of mandelonitrile but not the synthesis reaction. In further investigations one esterase (fromPseudomonas marginata) with this activity was found. 相似文献
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Salvat A Antonnacci L Fortunato RH Suarez EY Godoy HM 《Letters in applied microbiology》2001,32(5):293-297
AIMS: Screening of antimicrobial activity in 25 plant species from Northern Argentina. METHODS AND RESULTS: Inhibition of microbial growth was measured by a microplate assay with an oxidation-reduction indicator (Alamar Blue). Test organisms were: Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium. Weak inhibitory activities (MIC=0.5 mg dry matter ml(-1)) were found in methanolic extracts of Rivina humilis, Crateva tapia, Funastrum claucum and Schinopsis balansae. Stronger bacteriostatic power was detected in Vassobia breviflora (MIC=0.25 mg ml(-1) against Staphylococcus aureus, and 0.5 mg ml(-1) against Enterococcus faecium). This activity was purified five-fold by extraction with dichloromethane, and it was found equally effective against susceptible or antibiotic-resistant strains of Staph. aureus. In addition, the purified extract was synergistic with gentamicin, and it was bactericidal at 24 h, with a concentration of 0.25 mg ml(-1). CONCLUSION: There is a significant antimicrobial activity in Vassobia breviflora. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Further studies will be required to disclose the potential importance of these findings. 相似文献
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Zahin M Hasan S Aqil F Khan MS Husain FM Ahmad I 《Indian journal of experimental biology》2010,48(12):1219-1224
Discovery of quorum sensing (QS) system to coordinate virulence and biofilm formation in bacterial pathogens has triggered search for safe, stable and non-toxic anti-QS compounds from natural products. Ethanolic extracts of 24 Indian medicinal plants were tested by agar well and disc diffusion assay for anti-QS activity using Chromobacterium violaceum (CV12472 and CVO26) reporter strains. AHL from C. violaceum CV31532 was isolated and partially purified for its use in CVO26 based bioassay. Effect on swarming-motility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1) was also recorded at sub-MIC concentrations of extracts. Of the 24 medicinal plants screened Hemidesmus indicus (L.) Schult (root), Holarrhena antidysenterica (Roth) A.DC. (bark), Mangifera indica L. (seed) Punica granatum L. (pericarp) and Psoralea corylifolia L. (seed) demonstrated varying level of inhibition of violacein production in the reporter strains. Moreover, a significant reduction in swarms was recorded over control. The inhibition of violacein production and swarming motility may be due to direct or indirect interference on QS by active constituents or the interactive effect of different phytocompounds present in the extracts. These plant extracts may be selected for activity guided fractionation to identify and characterize the active principle. 相似文献
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Murakami A Ali AM Mat-Salleh K Koshimizu K Ohigashi H 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2000,64(1):9-16
A total of 114 methanol extracts from 42 plant families of edible Malaysian plants were screened for their inhibitory activities toward tumor promoter 12-O-hexadecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (HPA)-induced Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) activation in Raji cells. By testing at a concentration of 200 micrograms/ml, 74% of the 114 extracts inhibited EBV activation by 30% or more. This rate is comparable to those observed in the previous tests on edible Thai (60%) and Indonesian (71%) plants, and, importantly, much higher than that (26%) observed for Japanese edible plants. Approximately half of the Malaysian plants did not taxonomically overlap those from the other three countries, suggesting that Malaysian plants, as well as Thai and Indonesian plants, are an exclusive source of effective chemopreventive agents. Further dilution experiments indicated an extract from the leaves of Piper betle L. (Piperaceae) to be one of the most promising species. The high potential of edible Southeast Asian plants for cancer chemoprevention is collectively discussed. 相似文献
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白藜芦醇(Resveratrol)是一种含有芪类结构的非黄酮类多酚化合物,以游离态和糖苷结合态(白藜芦醇苷)两种形式存在于植物中,是植物受到病菌感染或环境恶化时产生的应激产物.常见的含有白藜芦醇(苷)的植物有葡萄、虎杖、花生、桑椹、藜芦、决明等.近年的研究表明,白藜芦醇(苷)具有显著的抗炎、抗氧化、神经保护和心血管保护等作用,可预防和治疗多种疾病,有较高的使用安全性,已成为抑制和治疗组织癌变和肿瘤发生的最有前途的药物之一. 相似文献
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Screening and genetic manipulation of plants for decontamination of pollutants from the environments
In this review, we will describe our study on "nitrogen-philic plants", which can grow with nitrogen dioxide (NO2) as the sole nitrogen source, by screening of naturally occurring plants for the assimilation of nitrogen dioxide and genetic manipulation of plants for those genes involved in the primary nitrate metabolism. Finally, we will briefly describe "Green walls with nitrogen-dioxide-philic plants" for decontamination of pollution in urban areas. 相似文献
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《Biochemical Systematics and Ecology》2002,30(6):525-578
A strategy for screening plants for ecdysteroid content based on the ‘positive tribe’ principle is developed and applied, for the first time, to screen the flora of European North-East Russia to identify species which accumulate ecdysteroids; 700 samples representing 411 species from 380 genera of 82 families were investigated. It is established that species with moderate to high ecdysteroid content (detectable with the Drosophila melanogaster BII cell bioassay) are not numerous (4% of all screened species). They are found in 14 families of different kinship level. Within families, ecdysteroid-containing plants form groups of closely cognate species (within certain tribes and/or genera); most ecdysteroid-containing species in this study were present in the tribe Cardueae (within the Asteraceae) and in the tribe Lychnideae (within the Caryophyllaceae). Radioimmunoassay, using an ecdysteroid-specific antiserum, allowed us to detect trace amounts of phytoecdysteroids (0.1–0.5 μg ecdysone equivalents/g plant matter) below the threshold detectable by the insect ecdysteroid receptor-based bioassay. It was found that such trace amounts of ecdysteroids are typical of many of the other plant species tested. We propose that a positive response in the bioassay is an appropriate criterion for detecting species with ecdysteroid content sufficient for protecting the plant against non-adapted phytophagous insects. Analysis of the geographical distribution of ecdysteroid-containing species (as detected by the bioassay) reveals that many of them belong to the southern or polyzonal latitudinal groups. This supports the impact of ecological–geographical factors upon ecdysteroid distribution in plants. 相似文献
10.
Screening of Indian plants for biological activity--Part XI 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
B S Aswal D S Bhakuni A K Goel K Kar B N Mehrotra 《Indian journal of experimental biology》1984,22(9):487-504
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Hiromi Ikeura Yu Kawasaki Etsuko Kaimi Junko Nishiwaki Kosuke Noborio 《International journal of phytoremediation》2016,18(5):460-466
Several species of ornamental flowering plants were evaluated regarding their phytoremediation ability for the cleanup of oil-contaminated soil in Japanese environmental conditions. Thirty-three species of plants were grown in oil-contaminated soil, and Mimosa, Zinnia, Gazania, and cypress vine were selected for further assessment on the basis of their favorable initial growth. No significant difference was observed in the above-ground and under-ground dry matter weight of Gazania 180 days after sowing between contaminated and non-contaminated plots. However, the other 3 species of plants died by the 180th day, indicating that Gazania has an especially strong tolerance for oil-contaminated soil. The total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration of the soils in which the 4 species of plants were grown decreased by 45–49% by the 180th day. Compared to an irrigated plot, the dehydrogenase activity of the contaminated soil also increased significantly, indicating a phytoremediation effect by the 4 tested plants. Mimosa, Zinnia, and cypress vine all died by the 180th day after seeding, but the roots themselves became a source of nutrients for the soil microorganisms, which led to a phytoremediation effect by increase in the oil degradation activity. It has been indicated that Gazania is most appropriate for phytoremediation of oil-contaminated soil. 相似文献
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Hydroxynitrile lyases are used for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure cyanohydrins which are of great importance in the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries. In this study, the hydroxynitrile lyase activity of 100 plants from 40 families was investigated, first by screening for cyanogenic activity, followed by a hydroxynitrile lyase activity assay. Of the 100 plants, four were found to be cyanogenic and exhibited specific hydroxynitrile lyase activity: Adenia sp. (0.44 U/mg), Adenia firingalavensis (2.88 U/mg), Adenia fruticosa (1.99 U/mg) and, Adenia pechuelii (2.35 U/mg), all from the family Passifloraceae. This is the first report of hydroxynitrile lyase activity in these plants. 相似文献
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In this study, extracts from 50 Taiwanese folk medicinal plants were examined and screened for anti-Helicobacter pylori activity. Ninety-five percent ethanol was used for herbal extraction. Paederia scandens (Lour.) Merr. (PSM), Plumbago zeylanica L. (PZL), Anisomeles indica (L.) O. Kuntze (AIOK), Bombax malabaricum DC. (BMDC) and Alpinia speciosa (J. C. Wendl.) K. Schum. (ASKS) and Bombax malabaricum DC. (BMDC) all demonstrated strong anti-H. pylori activities. The minimum inhibitory concentration values of the anti-H. pylori activity given by the five ethanol herb extracts ranged from 0.64 to 10.24 mg ml(-1). Twenty-six herbs, including Artemisia argvi Levl. et Vant (AALEV), Phyla nodiflora (Linn.) Greene (PNG) and others, showed moderate anti-H. pylori activity. The additional 19 herbs, including Areca catechu Linn. (ACL), Euphorbia hirta Linn. (EHL) and Gnaphalium adnatum Wall. ex DC. (GAWEDC), possessed lower anti-H. pylori effects. About half of the Taiwanese folk medicinal plants tested, demonstrated to possess higher anti-H. pylori activity. 相似文献
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Screening of Indian plants for biological activity: I 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
M L Dhar M M Dhar B N Dhawan B N Mehrotra C Ray 《Indian journal of experimental biology》1968,6(4):232-247
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A systematic screening of 170 different West Bengal plants was carried out to find antifungal antibiotics, usingAspergillus niger andTrichophyton rubrum as test organisms. From them, four plant species, viz.Curcuma zedoaria, C. aromatica, C. amada, and aBrassica sp. have been found to contain active antibiotic principles with strong inhibitory effects against both test organisms. 相似文献
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Screening of Korean marine plants for their inhibitory effect on histamine release from RPMCin vitro
Hee Jung Lee You Ah Kim Jong-Woong Ahn Ho-Jeong Na Hyung-Min Kim Youngwan Seo 《Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering》2006,11(1):80-83
Allergy, meaning ‘heightened reactivity’ of a host on being exposed to an antigen, is an immediate reaction which included
anaphylaxis following contact with an antigen. An anaphylatic reaction is caused by the release of pharmacological mediators,
like histamine, from mast cells. The potential anti-allergic activities of 27 seaweed and 19 salt marsh extracts collected
from the coast of Korea were tested against the inhibition of histamine release in rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs). Among
them, three salt marsh plants (Persicaria lapathifolia, Ixeris tamagawaensis, andSalsola komarovir) significantly showed more than 75% of inhibition of the histamine release at a concentration of 100 μg/mL, and also three
salt marsh (Messerschmidia sibirica, Rosa rugosa, andPortulaca oleraceae) and three seaweed (Colpomenia bullosa, Derbesia marina, andSargassum thunbergii) extracts exhibited moderately inhibition effects when compared to the control. 相似文献