两个不同子房类型糜子酯酶同工酶的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳方法对黑龙江省集贤县单子房型(单粒)糜子和双子房型(双粒)糜子的酯酶同工酶进行了测定、分析,结果表明：两种不同子房型糜子酯酶同工酶均具有明显器官特异性;两种不同子房型糜子遗传基础已经趋异。     

两个猪苓菌株生长速度及酯酶同工酶比较研究

对不同地理分布的猪苓纯培养菌株进行了种性和酯酶同工酶的比较研究,结果表明,鸡爪苓（Z）纯培养菌株和猪屎苓（ZJ）纯培养菌株的种性有很大不同,两个纯培养菌株的酯酶同工酶酶带类型差异较大,亲缘关系较远。     

杂交水稻及三系在发育过程中的酯酶同工酶比较研究

本文报道了利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,测定杂交水稻及三系亲本共50个组合的萌动胚、芽,不同发育时期的叶片、根、雄蕊等12个组织或器官的酯酶同工酶的结果。根据所测结果,可把杂交水稻的酯酶同工酶酶谱分为5种类型:互补型、偏父型、偏母型、同型和“杂种”酶谱。强优势组合以互补型酶谱居多,弱优势组合都是同型酶谱,“杂种”酶谱仅见于V优64的幼穗分化期叶片和V优63、汕优63的三叶期叶片中。不同器官的互补酶谱都可作为预测杂种比势,鉴定杂交稻种子的纯度和真实性以及选配新杂交组合的一个手段或依据,但以对萌动胚或幼芽的测定更有实践意义。     

两个猪苓菌株生长速度及酯酶同工酶比较研究*

对不同地理分布的猪苓纯培养菌株进行了种性和酯酶同工酶的比较研究,结果表明,鸡爪苓(Z)纯培养菌株和猪屎苓(ZJ)纯培养菌株的种性有很大不同,两个纯培养菌株的酯酶同工酶酶带类型差异较大,亲缘关系较远。     

以靛酚乙酸酯为底物的酯酶同工酶显色方法的研究

建立一种以靛酚乙酸酯为底物的酯酶同工酶的显色新方法。酯酶样品的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）凝胶用磷酸缓冲液漂洗约10min后,浸入含有0.002%靛酚乙酸酯的溶液显色5～10min,可显出清晰的蓝色酯酶带。先将酯酶凝胶板浸于有机磷农药溶液中,然后再用靛酚乙酸酯显色液显色,比较同工酶谱,从同工酶带由深蓝色变为浅蓝色的颜色变化,可以看出对有机磷农药敏感的同工酶所受到的抑制程度。     

苹果黄蚜、苹小卷叶蛾发生规律和分布型的研究

研究了苹果黄蚜和苹小卷叶蛾在山东省烟台地区的发生规律,它们一年分别发生13～14代和3代。苹果黄蚜的种群一年出现两次高峰．这与苹果树春、秋梢的2次生长规律相符合。测定了苹果黄蚜和苹小卷叶蛾幼虫在苹果树上的分布型,均属聚集分布,分析提出了适宜的取样调查方法．     

叶甲亚科五种昆虫的酯酶同工酶研究

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法分析研究了叶甲亚科五种昆虫的酯酶同工酶的酶谱,结果表明该法与形态学分类的效果一致。     

铅对蟾蜍肝、肾过氧化物酶和酯酶同工酶的影响

以腹腔注射法对蟾蜍 (Bufobufogargarizans)给铅 ,处理 7d后 ,使用聚丙烯凝胶垂直平板电泳法 ,研究了不同浓度 (按铅计 1、2、4、8mg·kg-1 体重 )的铅对蟾蜍肝脏、肾脏过氧化物酶和酯酶同工酶的影响。结果表明 ,不同浓度的铅均可使肝、肾组织过氧化物酶同工酶带强弱发生明显变化 ;对肝、肾酯酶同工酶的影响表现出一定的组织差异性 ,且在一定范围内主要表现为应激性 ,即低剂量的铅可诱导酶活性的提高。     

Isozyme variability detected by gel electrophoresis: influence of pH and temperature on esterase tested in Ornithogalum montanum Cyr. ex Ten. (Liliaceae)

Abstract

Electrophoretic tests on esterase using the conventional buffer have revealed in O. montanum a monomorphic locus. The use of a different buffer system and/or tests of thermostability have shown a more complex enzymatic system. These results may be considered in neutralist-selectionist controversy, that implies estimation of genetic variability for its solution.     

安徽产石蒜属植物三种酶同工酶的分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,首次分析了安徽产石蒜属11个居群6种植物的过氧化物酶、酯酶、苹果酸脱氢酶三种酶同工酶,初步探讨了种间亲缘关系。从分子水平上为石蒜属的分类及系统发育研究提供了有价值的资料。     

Ancient hybridization and mitochondrial capture between two species of chipmunks

Models that posit speciation in the face of gene flow are replacing classical views that hybridization is rare between animal species. We use a multilocus approach to examine the history of hybridization and gene flow between two species of chipmunks ( Tamias ruficaudus and T. amoenus ). Previous studies have shown that these species occupy different ecological niches and have distinct genital bone morphologies, yet appear to be incompletely isolated reproductively in multiple areas of sympatry. We compared data from four sequenced nuclear loci and from seven microsatellite loci to published cytochrome b sequences. Interspecific gene flow was primarily restricted to introgression of the T. ruficaudus mitochondrial genome into a sympatric subspecies of T. amoenus , T. a. canicaudus , with the four sequenced nuclear loci showing little to no interspecific allele sharing. Microsatellite data were consistent with high levels of differentiation between the species and also showed no current gene flow between broadly sympatric populations of T. a. canicaudus and T. ruficaudus . Coalescent analyses date the mtDNA introgression event from the mid-Pleistocene to late Pliocene. Overall, these data indicate that introgression has had a minimal impact on the nuclear genomes of T. amoenus and T. ruficaudus despite multiple independent hybridization events. Our findings challenge long-standing assumptions on patterns of reproductive isolation in chipmunks and suggest that there may be other examples of hybridization among the 23 species of Tamias that occur in western North America.     

中国前胡属酯酶同工酶与种类演化和地理分布格局

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法分析比较我国前胡属(PeucedanumL.)18种4变种的叶片酯酶同工酶酶谱,并结合形态特征和地理分布,从基因位点分布规律出发,探讨该属种间亲缘关系和地理分布格局。前胡属种类的酯酶同工酶酶谱能较好地反映种间的亲缘关系,基因位点随所分析种类的地理分布而呈现出明显的地带性变化。讨论了滨海前胡(P.japonicumThunb.)、马山前胡(P.mashanenseShanetSheh)和广西前胡(P.guangxienseShanetSheh)、石防风〔P.terebinthaceum(Fisch.)Fisch.exTurcz.〕和宽叶石防风〔P.terebinthaceumvar.deltoideam(MakinoexYabe)Makino〕、红前胡(P.rubricauleShanetSheh)和刺尖前胡(P.elegansKomarov),以及华中前胡(P.medicumDunn)和华北前胡(P.harrysmithiiFeddeexWolff)等种类的酯酶同工酶酶谱类型与系统演化的关系。根据前胡属植物区系,将我国前胡属分成7个酯酶同工酶地理表型。     

A taxonomic study on erysipelothrix by DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with numerous strains isolated from extensive origins

The purpose of this study was to clarify the taxonomic relationship between all the serovars and species of the genus Erysipelothrix by performing DNA-DNA hybridization experiments, the customary criterion for separation of bacterial genospecies. A total of 93 strains were isolated from a wide variety of sources, including pigs affected with acute or chronic erysipelas, other diseased animals, healthy animals, fish, retail meats, and environmental materials from throughout the world during the period 1958 to 1996. The present data on phenotypic characterization and DNA relatedness values demonstrate that 24 strains (96%) of E. tonsillarum are avirulent for swine, whereas 39 strains (66%) of genomic E. rhusiopathiae induced generalized or local urticarial lesion in swine after intradermal inoculation. This observation suggests that genomic E. tonsillarum has little etiological significance. Three minor groups contained several strains which exhibited minimal association with each type strain of E. rhusiopathiae and E. tonsillarum. In conclusion, it was confirmed that members of the E. rhusiopathiae and E. tonsillarum groups resemble each other in regard to many phenotypic characteristics, but differ in their ability to produce acid from saccharose and in their pathogenicity for swine. The genus Erysipelothrix certainly contains two main species: E. rhusiopathiae and E. tonsillarum.