“People think that Romanians and Roma are the same”: everyday bordering and the lifting of transitional controls

ABSTRACT

On 1 January 2014 the transitional controls on free movement adopted by the UK when Bulgaria and Romania joined the EU in 2007, ended. This paper demonstrates how the discourses of politicians relating to their removal, amplified via news media contributed to the extension of state bordering practices further into everyday life. Based on ethnographic research into everyday bordering during 2013–15 the paper uses an intersectional framework to explore how this homogenizing, bordering discourse was experienced and contested from differently situated perspectives of Roma and non-Roma social actors from established communities.     

Introduction to the special issue: intersectionality and entrepreneurship

ABSTRACT

We briefly review the ethnic entrepreneurship paradigm, identifying the problems associated with an approach that emphasizes the salience of one social group, ethnicity, to the exclusion or downplaying of others, such as race, class, and gender. We introduce an intersectional approach to the study of (ethnic) enterprise, reviewing the literature and using the articles in this special issue to demonstrate the utility of this perspective. We close by encouraging the use of this approach in future research.     

The ecological organisation of lake districts: general introduction

1. Here we introduce a special issue of Freshwater Biology that focuses on the landscape‐scale spatial and temporal patterns exhibited by multiple lakes within lake districts. We call this patterning, and the processes that lead to it, the ‘ecological organisation of lake districts.’ 2. Papers in this special issue share the common goal of examining landscape‐level processes that lead to spatial and temporal patterns of lake characteristics in individual or multiple lake districts. Several papers focus on the degree to which multiple lakes have synchronous among year variability in various physical, chemical, and biological variables. Others focus on the landscape‐level processes that lead to spatial patterning of lake characteristics. Finally, a few papers examine the relationship between spatial patterning and temporal dynamics. Papers in this special issue present results from 10 lake districts from North America, Europe, and Antarctica.     

Coping with everyday bordering: Roma migrants and gatekeepers in Helsinki

ABSTRACT

The article analyses intra-European bordering on the local level through the case of Eastern European Roma in Helsinki. Precarious EU migrants outside the Nordic labour markets have formed a group neither “in” nor completely “out” of national welfare structures. We argue that various level authorities have responded to the loss of direct control over legitimate yet unwanted migrants by mobilizing municipal workers and local police as everyday gatekeepers. Policy towards the Roma migrants in Helsinki is ethnicized (conceptualizing them as a special category requiring targeted measures) and “NGOized” (relegating elementary social provision to the third sector). Their presence of is not formally challenged, yet they are effectively without access to social rights and pathways to permanent residence. Meanwhile, the migrants strive to improve their disadvantaged position through transnational, family-based livelihood strategies, which are actively adapted to the shifting European and Finnish borderscapes.     

Xenotransplantation,risk, regulation and surveillance: social and technological dimensions of change

Abstract

This paper examines xenotransplantation as one specific technique associated with the ‘new genetics’. The development of this particular technique is set within the context of emergent regulatory practices that simultaneously confront the national and global dimensions of the technique whilst balancing collective and individual risks and benefits. The adoption of an incremental, and arguably ad hoc, regulatory approach within the UK is assessed in relation to demands for active widespread social participation in the framing and assessment of risks. It is argued that there needs to be a full examination of the risks associated with the technique across a range of time frames before it can be adopted as part of the repertoire of modemmedicine. Moreover, the fullest possible mapping of the risk domains to be regulated and managed requires the active involvement of a diverse range of publics. By adopting an extended time-frame approach, it is argued that the claims-making of developers can be set within a more socially grounded context. Such a context requires the inclusion of situated publics, something currently lacking within the UK's approach to regulation.     

Morphological specializations for fetal maintenance in viviparous vertebrates: An introduction and historical retrospective

In many viviparous vertebrates, pregnant females sustain their developing embryos and provide them with nutrients by means of placentas and a diversity of other types of specializations. With this article, we introduce a virtual (online) issue of the Journal of Morphology that presents 12 recent papers on fetal maintenance in viviparous vertebrates. We also outline the history of research in this area and document the central role of morphology in helping to explain the function and evolution of specializations for fetal nutrition. This virtual issue of the Journal of Morphology is an outgrowth of a symposium held under auspices of the International Congress of Vertebrate Morphology. The included papers reflect a diversity of taxa, research methods, and biological issues. To celebrate the publication of this virtual issue of the Journal of Morphology, the publisher is making freely available to readers a number of other relevant papers published in the journal over the past 128 years. J. Morphol. 276:1–16, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

23rd International Symposium on Shiftwork and Working Time: Towards a Global Consensus

ABSTRACT

The Working Time Society (WTS), and the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH) Scientific Committee on Shiftwork and Working Time, are twin organisations focused on conducting research, and informing practice, regarding the impact of work hours in general, and shiftwork in particular, on the efficiency, productivity, safety, well-being, health, and biological rhythms, of employees. Every 2–3 years since 1969, the WTS and ICOH have conducted a series of international symposia in Europe, Asia, Australia, North America, and South America. The purpose of these symposia is to provide a forum for the exchange of knowledge, and the discussion of contested issues, with researchers, employee representatives, regulators, and employers. The most recent symposium in this series – the 23rd International Symposium on Shiftwork and Working Time, entitled “Toward a Global Consensus” – was held on 19–23 June 2017, at Yulara, Australia, near Uluru. Since 2004, Chronobiology International has released a special issue after each symposium, and that tradition continues with a special issue that includes 17 contributions based on a selection of the 128 papers that were presented at the most recent symposium. Here, we provide an overview of the papers that comprise the special issue, and we briefly comment on the implications of the findings for shiftworkers and their employers.     

Media mirrors? Framing Hungarian Romani migration to Canada in Hungarian and Canadian press

ABSTRACT

The most recent migration of Roma from Central-Eastern Europe to Canada started in the 1990s. Several thousand people from former socialist countries, including Hungarian Roma, moved overseas. There were many reasons but for Roma, the motivations not only included a drastic loss of employment, but re-emerging systemic and increasingly violent racism. This article focuses on the discursive framing of these motivations and the reaction within both Hungarian and Canadian newspapers from 1999 to 2013. In the article we show how the press engaged in framing and counter-framing the policies and politics of the host country through their coverage of “the Hungarian Roma” issue. Specifically, we focus on the differing and shifting spheres of consensus and the changing political/policy contexts by conducting an in-depth comparison of the changing media frames in Hungarian and Canadian newspaper coverage. We show how the “Hungarian Roma issue” becomes an example and reflection of the changing political culture.     

Jurisdiction Over Underwater Cultural Heritage in the EEZ and on the Continental Shelf: A Perspective From the Practice of States Bordering the South China Sea

Abstract

The Chinese initiative of constructing the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road could be identified as a new chance to promote the protection of underwater cultural heritage (UCH) in the South China Sea. However, uncertainties concerning the jurisdictional issue over the UCH in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) or on the continental shelf constitute an obstacle. The Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage has, to some extent, enlarged the coastal state’s jurisdiction. State practice differs on this issue. This article focuses on the domestic legislations of states bordering the South China Sea related to the jurisdiction over UCH found in their EEZ or on their continental shelf.     

Guest Editorial

Abstract

This special issue is a selection of papers from the sessions on Molecular Simulation that were presented at the annual American Institute of Chemical Engineering meeting in Miami Beach, Florida, in November 1992. It reflects the great diversity of research that is now underway using atomic-level computer simulation methods and the progression to simulations of more complex systems. In this issue, for instance, the materials studied range from electrolytes (Chialvo and Cummings) to polymers (Broadbelt, LaMarca, Klein, Andrews and Colter) to precursors to exotic natural gas hydrates (Long and Sloan). The study of solid/fluid interfaces is an emerging theme. Wang and Fichthorn have studied the adsorption of EAM modeled Pt on Pt substrates. Ravi and Murad have produced an interesting new method of studying the adsorption of fluids, here nitrogen in pores. Uttorrnark et al. have studied the kinetics of growth and dissolution processes in solidAiquid systems.     

A maximum-likelihood approach for building cell-type trees by lifting

Background

In cell differentiation, a less specialized cell differentiates into a more specialized one, even though all cells in one organism have (almost) the same genome. Epigenetic factors such as histone modifications are known to play a significant role in cell differentiation. We previously introduce cell-type trees to represent the differentiation of cells into more specialized types, a representation that partakes of both ontogeny and phylogeny.

Results

We propose a maximum-likelihood (ML) approach to build cell-type trees and show that this ML approach outperforms our earlier distance-based and parsimony-based approaches. We then study the reconstruction of ancestral cell types; since both ancestral and derived cell types can coexist in adult organisms, we propose a lifting algorithm to infer internal nodes. We present results on our lifting algorithm obtained both through simulations and on real datasets.

Conclusions

We show that our ML-based approach outperforms previously proposed techniques such as distance-based and parsimony-based methods. We show our lifting-based approach works well on both simulated and real data.

     

Confronting the Naturalness of Disaster in the Pacific

ABSTRACT

This introduction sets out some of the key themes addressed by the papers in the special issue on ‘Confronting the Naturalness of Disaster in the Pacific’. Disasters are now widely understood not as ‘natural’ phenomena but as events or processes that unfold at the intersection between natural or artificial hazards and human populations. We review some of the effects of the naturalisation of disaster before turning to the ways in which Pacific disasters are defined through government, media and public discourses. These discourses feature their own distinctive accounts of possible forms of agency in the context of disaster, and draw on markedly different frames of reference in attributing cause and blame. Similarly, contrasting temporalities and spatialities are invoked in addressing disasters as bounded phenomena. We conclude with reflections on the nature of responses to disaster in the Pacific in the context of increasingly unstable cultural, economic and environmental grounds for action induced by global climate change     

Ecology of plant resprouting: populations to community responses in fire-prone ecosystems

Resprouting has emerged as a key functional trait in plant ecology over the past decade with more than 400 papers published since 2000 (Web of Science). This special issue of Plant Ecology brings together a set of papers that advance our understanding of this functional trait, in the quest for developing a better conceptual framework for predicting community response to disturbance. This special issue highlights current research on all aspects of the effects of fire and other disturbances on plant resprouting behaviour and the importance of the persistence niche in structuring plant communities.     

多组学前沿技术专刊序言

后基因组时代,基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学及代谢组学等技术应用日趋广泛,功能注释成为生命科学研究的中心任务,多组学整合分析成为全面解析生物学机理的主要手段。本专刊邀请了国内多组学领域的相关专家学者介绍了基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学及代谢组学等领域最新进展和应用成果,收录了相关文章28篇,以供从事多组学研究的科研工作者参考。     

The scientific publications of AIFM members in 2015–2019: A survey of the FutuRuS working group

PurposeWithin the Italian Association of Medical Physics and Health Physics (AIFM) working group “FutuRuS” we carried out a survey regarding the number of the peer-reviewed articles by AIFM members.MethodsWe surveyed papers published in the years 2015–2019. Data extracted from Scopus included information regarding authors, title, journal, impact factor (IF), leading or standard authorship by AIFM members, keywords, type of collaboration (monocentric/multicentric/international), area of interest [radiation oncology (RO), radiology (RAD), nuclear medicine (NM), radioprotection (RP) and professional issue (PI)] and topics.ResultsWe found 1210 papers published in peer-reviewed journals: 48%, 22%, 16%, 6%, 2 and 6% in RO, RAD, NM, RP, PI and other topics, respectively. Forty-seven percent of the papers involved monocentric teams, 31% multicentric and 22% international collaborations. Leading authorship of AIFM members was in 56% of papers, with a corresponding IF equal to 52% of the total IF (3342, IF_mean = 2.8, IF_max = 35.4). The most represented journal was Physica Medica, with 15% of papers, while a relevant fraction of IF (54%) appeared in clinically oriented journals. The number of papers increased significantly between 2015 and 2016 and remained almost constant in 2017–2019.ConclusionsThis survey led to the first quantitative assessment of the number and theme distribution of peer-reviewed scientific articles contributed by AIFM members. It constitutes a ground basis to support future AIFM strategies and promote working groups on scientific activity of medical physicists, and to build the basis for rational comparison with other countries, first of all within Europe.     

Introduction: A perspective from the humanities-science boundary

The articles in this special issue range across such influences on climate as solar emissions, orbital precession, atmosphere, oceans, and precipitation, and generally approach, each in some context, human implications of these phenomena. The common underlying theme of all of the papers is the effect the phenomena have on radiation balance as measured by global average temperature. This introductory paper undertakes a formulation of radiation balance theory that makes it serviceable to students of regional science. The objective is to go beyond inference of cause and effect by correlation to causal accounts of cause and effect through regional climatic and cultural processes. This is accomplished primarily by revisualization of the energy system with regions as dependent spatiotemporal entities, and temporally through a protocol for regional episode definition.This special issue ofHuman Ecology consists of the American Anthropological Association Invited Symposium on Global Climate Change.     

Essential Reading

In this issue of the Journal of Gene Medicine we are pleased to introduce a new section called ‘Essential Reading’. Members of the Journal's Editorial Board have been asked to suggest recent papers they have read which they consider noteworthy. Because space is limited, the section does not claim to be exhaustive, nor does the absence of an article imply that it is not important. Here is the Board's selection for this issue.     

Newspaper Portrayals,Local Policies,and Dog-Supportive Public Space: Who's Wagging Whom?

ABSTRACT

Dog-walking promotes physical activity and positive social interactions, and thus dog-walking has implications for people's physical and mental health. As a result, experts in public health have endorsed designing and managing public space to support dog-walking. Nevertheless, the presence of dogs in public space is subject to negotiation and can be controversial. Generally, municipal governments or local councils exercise political jurisdiction over both dogs and public space. As a case study, we systematically collected and analyzed a local newspaper's portrayals of issues relating to dog-walking in public space. Our purpose was to understand how public and policy agendas were being represented by local media, during a period of time when local policies on dog ownership and dog-supportive public space were being reviewed and revised. The analysis involved three phases: 1) thematic content analysis; 2) issue framing analysis; and 3) policy analysis. Thematically, we found that social conflict predominated. In terms of issue framing, local policy and individual dog owner behavior were both problematized. Over time, the policy agenda evolved to emphasize the design and management of public space, especially park land. Policy-makers presented this emphasis on public space as a proactive strategy to reduce social conflict and to promote compliance with existing rules on dog ownership. When it comes to promoting dog-walking to benefit animal welfare and human health, our findings underscore the importance of paying close attention to local policies and media coverage. In fact, we found that endogenous conflict and public controversies can actually represent significant opportunities to bring about positive changes in the lives of humans and nonhuman animals.     

Thirty‐five years of spatial autocorrelation analysis in population genetics: an essay in honour of Robert Sokal (1926–2012)

We could not start this review, literally from the beginning, without expressing our sadness over the passing of Professor Robert R. Sokal. We are sure, nevertheless, that the importance of his scientific achievements will ensure he is long remembered. In this modest tribute to Professor Sokal, we highlight his contributions to the field of population genetics and spatial statistical methods. Specifically, we discuss how two papers, co‐authored with Professor N. L. Oden and published in the pages of the Biological Journal of the Linnean Society in 1978, revolutionized the field of analytical population genetics. In these papers, Sokal and Oden created an elegant framework for inferring evolutionary processes (e.g. isolation‐by‐distance, demic diffusion, selection gradients, genetic drift) from the spatial autocorrelation analysis of genetic variation patterns. We also highlight the pivotal importance of Sokal's work to the development of emerging fields (e.g. landscape and conservation genetics). We hope this virtual issue containing the papers that Professor Sokal published in BJLS, and later, related papers by other researchers, will help to remember his work and maintain his legacy of spatial analysis in genetics, ecology, and evolutionary biology. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, ??, ??–??.