5个澳洲野生棉种植株形态性状与叶片过氧化物同工酶谱研究

研究了斯特提棉、南岱华棉、澳洲棉、纳尔逊氏棉和比克氏棉５个澳洲野生棉各的种卫和植株的形态性状、色素腺体性状、棉酚含量和叶片过氧化物同工酶等主要主要性状。结果表明,斯特提棉和南岱华棉、澳洲棉和纳尔逊氏的种子、植株和花器形态性状,以及叶片过氧化物同工酶谱等性状分别比较相似,经克氏棉的形态特征介上述两类棉种之间,略近似于澳洲棉和纳尔逊氏棉,５个棉种均具有种子地色素腺体植株有色素腺体的特性,其体眠种子的棉     

An optimized gossypol high-performance liquid chromatography assay and its application in evaluation of different gland genotypes of cotton

A comparative study on gossypol content of various genetic types of pigment glands of cotton varieties was conducted through an optimized high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 Μm particle) with methanol-0.5% acetic acid aqueous solution, 90 : 10 (v/v), as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min and UV detection at 254 nm. The method was shown to be highly reproducible, with precision [as relative standard deviation (RSD)] and accuracy [as relative mean error (RME)] < 10%, both intra-day and inter-day. Absolute recoveries were > 94%. The results revealed major differences among the different gland varieties or species of cotton, including the special and ordinary glandless and glandedGossypium hirsutum, G. barbadense, and displayed the precious resources of different glands of extraordinary cotton     

棉酚及其衍生物合成途径的研究进展

棉酚作为一种倍半萜烯类植物抗菌素广泛存在于棉花的根、种子等表皮组织的色素腺体里。该化合物已在医药、工业和农业等领域得到广泛应用。近来对棉酚及其衍生物合成途径的研究日趋深入,许多关键酶基因已得到克隆和分析。掌握棉酚及其衍生物的生物合成途径,并试图通过基因工程改造的方法来控制植物体棉酚的合成具有重要意义。概述了棉酚及其衍生物合成途径和关键酶的研究进展并展望其应用前景。     

棉花叶片性状（厚度和油点密度）与其对绿盲蝽抗性的关系

为了明确棉花叶片性状（厚度和油点密度）与其对绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum （Meyer-Dür）抗性的关系,以期为棉花抗盲蝽品种(系)选育提供理论依据,本研究选用对绿盲蝽有不同抗性的20个棉花品种(系)为材料,分别测定其叶片厚度、表皮层厚度和油点密度。结果表明：晋棉26、冀丰989、常D、亚洲棉对绿盲蝽表现为高抗;棉花叶片厚度、表皮层厚度和油点密度在不同生长期均有差异;棉花对绿盲蝽的综合抗性指数与其铃期叶片表皮层厚度和油点密度有显著相关性（y=20.673+0.415x,R²=0.305,P=0.012;y=1.049+0.049x,R²=0.207,P=0.044）。结果显示,在一定的生长期,叶片表皮层厚和多油点棉花品种可以减少绿盲蝽的危害。     

二苯胺棉酚中棉酚的含量测定

用紫外分光光度法测定二苯胺棉酚中棉酚的含量。方法回收率平均达 93.6 %以上 ,变异系数 ( CV )为1.2 %。该方法准确 ,重现性好 ,可作为二苯胺棉酚质量监控方法。     

柽柳对镉胁迫的生理生态响应

在温室条件下采用营养液培养的方法研究了营养液中Cd²⁺浓度为0、10、50、200和500 μmol·L ^-1时,柽柳(短穗柽柳(Tamarix laxa))对重金属镉的吸收和分泌特点。研究结果表明:与对照相比,较低浓度(10 μmol·L ^-1)镉处理对柽柳的生长量、含水率均没有显著变化,两周培养期间内没有出现镉中毒症状;Cd²⁺浓度增加至50 μmol·L ^-1时对柽柳产生了较强的毒害作用,柽柳的生长量、植株含水率均明显下降,在加镉处理第十二天时营养枝开始发黄,出现镉中毒症状。柽柳不同器官镉积累量由大到小依次为:根系>新生营养枝>枝条。研究还发现,柽柳盐腺能够分泌镉,分泌镉的量占营养枝中镉含量的0.5%左右;在较低浓度(0~50 μmol·L^-1)时柽柳对镉的分泌量随着培养液中Cd²⁺浓度的增加而增加,并在50 μmol·L ^-1镉处理时,分泌物中Cd²⁺浓度达到本试验中的最高点,然后镉的分泌量开始下降。这一结果说明,尽管泌盐盐生植物——柽柳的盐腺能够分泌重金属镉,但是其数量在植株累积的镉总量中所占甚少,对短穗柽柳耐镉毒害能力贡献不大。     

棉籽中游离棉酚的含量测定

用紫外分光光度法测定棉籽中游离棉酚的含量。脱除棉酚的棉籽乙醚提取物经石油醚和 75 %乙醇分离和纯化后 ,用 0 .5 %对氨基苯磺酸显色来检测棉籽中游离棉酚的含量 ,结果表明 ,该方法具有简便、重现性好、回收率高达 97%以上等优点 ,可作为棉籽中游离棉酚质量控制方法。     

Alterations in the lipid content of pituitary gland and serum prolactin and growth hormone in cadmium treated rats

The present study was undertaken to assess whether chronic exposition to cadmium (Cd, 0.133 mM per liter for 2 months) through drinking water may affect the lipid contents in the pituitary anterior lobe (PAL) of adult male Wistar rats. As compared to metal non-exposed controls, PALs exposed to cadmium showed an increase in total phospholipid contents, which was associated to an increase of the incorporation of [1–¹⁴C]-methyl choline into phosphatidylcholine and of [U–¹⁴C]-glucose into total phospholipids. The incorporation of [1–¹⁴C]-methyl choline into sphingomyelin was not changed. Incorporation of [1–¹⁴C]-acetate into total fatty acids also increased but incorporation of [1–¹⁴C]-acetate into cholesterol did not change. The activity of phospholipase D decreased both in PALs from Cd exposed rats and in PAL dispersed cells treated with Cd in the culture medium from Cd non-exposed rats. In PALS from Cd exposed rats, a decrease of serum prolactin and growth hormone concentrations was determined. The results shown that cadmium modifies the lipid contents of pituitary gland and directly or indirectly the levels of prolactin and growth hormone in serum.     

Influence of nutrient addition on growth and accumulation of cadmium and copper in Lemna gibba

Abstract

Aquatic plants have been identified as potentially useful for accumulating and bioconcentrating heavy metals. This study was developed to test the hypothesis that nutrient enrichment enhances the metal tolerance of floating macrophytes. Relative growth rates (RGR), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and electrical conductivity (EC) were measured in Lemna gibba exposed to different cadmium and copper concentrations in laboratory conditions. Relative growth rates were negatively correlated with metal exposure, but nutrient addition suppressed this effect. Photosynthetic pigment levels were negatively correlated with metal exposures, and nutrient addition attenuated chlorophyll decrease in response to metal exposures. MDA content and EC also showed sharp increases at higher concentrations, indicating oxidative stress. This study indicates that nutrient enrichment increases the tolerance of Lemna gibba to metals, and that Lemna gibba is a suitable candidate for the phytoremediation of low-level copper and cadmium pollution.     

In vitro inhibitory effect of gossypol from gossypol-acetic acid, and (+)- and (-)-isomers of gossypol on the growth of Edwardsiella ictaluri

AIM: This study was conducted to evaluate the toxic effect of gossypol from gossypol-acetic acid, and (+)- and (-)-isomers of gossypol on the growth of Edwardsiella ictaluri. METHODS AND RESULTS: Inhibitory effect of various concentrations of gossypol on the growth of E. ictaluri was determined. Bacterial recovery was performed by preincubation of bacteria in medium containing various concentrations of gossypol and subsequent activation of bacteria by inoculating on gossypol-free plates. Concentrations of racemic gossypol, (+)-gossypol and (-)-gossypol of 1.5 microg ml(-1) or higher significantly reduced the number of bacterial colonies compared with that of the control. The growth of E. ictaluri was completely inhibited on agar plates supplemented with 3 microg ml(-1), regardless of the forms of gossypol. The inhibitory effect of (+)-gossypol was higher than that of (-)-gossypol or gossypol-acetic acid. Recovery of E. ictaluri was <50% for all three forms of gossypol at concentrations of 5 microg ml(-1). Bacterial recovery remained relatively constant (6.5%) at gossypol concentrations from 10 to 100 microg ml(-1). Complete killing of E. ictaluri was not reached at gossypol levels up to 100 microg ml(-1). CONCLUSION: Gossypol-acetic acid, and (+)- and (-)-optical isomers have anti-bacterial effect against E. ictaluri. The results suggest the action is bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The therapeutic effect of gossypol against E. ictaluri may be useful in controlling enteric septicaemia of catfish.     

棉叶中棉酚的快速提取与测定方法研究

棉酚(G)及其相关物甲氧基半棉酚(DHG)、半棉酚酮(HGQ)、半棉酚(HG)、杀实夜蛾素(H1-4)等是棉花中重要的抗虫性萜烯类次生物质.利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对棉酚及其相关物进行了分离,测定了棉叶中的棉酚含量,讨论了不同的提取方法和测定条件对结果的影响,给出了一套简便、快速的分析测试方法,同时与紫外-可见分光光度法(苯胺法)的结果进行了对比,认为对于棉花的抗虫性的研究来说,HPLC是比较适宜的方法.     

Programmed cell death during pigment gland formation in Gossypium hirsutum leaves

Ultrastructural studies have shown that the formation of pigment glands in Gossypium hirsutum L. leaves is a lysigenous process, originating from a cluster of cells in the ground meristem. Various techniques were used here to investigate whether programmed cell death (PCD) plays a critical role in this developmental process. Nuclei of internal cells in the pigment gland‐forming tissue were TUNEL‐positive and DAPI‐negative, suggesting that DNA cleavage is an early event and complete DNA degradation is a late event. Smeared bands and a lack of laddering after gel electrophoresis indicate that DNA cleavage is random. Ultrastructurally, secretory cells in the pigment glands become distorted, nuclei are densely stained, and chromosomes become condensed until completely degraded at late stages. Vacuoles with electron‐dense bodies and membrane‐bound autophagosomes are seen in both secretory and sheath cells, suggesting that autophagy plays a key role in PCD during cytoplasm degradation. Buckling of cell walls, seen at early stages, later leads to a complete breakdown of the walls. Together, these results suggest that PCD plays a critical role in the lysigenous development of pigment glands in G. hirsutum leaves.     

Characterization of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) sperm motility: duration of movement, effects of cations, pH and gossypol

We have examined effects of time after activation, pH, sodium and potassium, and gossypol concentrations on sperm motility of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha). Zebra mussel spermatozoa appeared to have remarkable viability in the fresh water in comparison with freshwater fish sperm. Duration of sperm motility in fresh water is possibly one of the longest among freshwater animals, since it was not significantly changed 3 h after incubation at room temperature (20 °C) or 24 h of incubation at ±0 °C. High osmotic pressure suppresses sperm motility and effects of sodium and potassium are similar. Spermatozoa were inactive at acid pH and became gradually motile when exposed to pH 6.0–9.0. Gossypol appeared to be a very potent spermicidal agent and inhibited motility. This compound also inhibited fertilization. We observed some differences in gossypol effects on spermatozoa between North American and European zebra mussels. These data on zebra mussel sperm biology may be useful for better handling of gametes under laboratory conditions.     

辣椒红色素稳定性研究

本文对辣椒红色素的稳定性进行了研究。结果表明,色素样品的耐热、耐酸碱性较好;室内光线下,放置四周不褪色。但置于室外强阳光下曝晒,两小时后即褪色;常见金属离子中,Ｃｕ２＋可使色素立即褪色,而Ｆｅ３＋、Ａｌ３＋、Ｓｎ２＋对色素影响较小     

SD大鼠和Beagle犬大唾液腺的形态学观察

目的-研究及观察SD大鼠和Beagle犬大唾液腺正常比较组织学.方法-SD大鼠和Beagle犬三对大唾液腺剖取后进行石蜡切片、HE染色和PAS染色,光学显微镜观察.结果-SD大鼠腮腺是纯浆液腺,Beagle犬腮腺属混合腺,以浆液性腺泡为主,偶见小的粘液细胞群.SD大鼠的下颌下腺属于以浆液腺泡为主的混合腺,Beagle犬的下颌下腺属于以粘液腺泡为主的混合腺.SD大鼠与Beagle犬的舌下腺均为粘液性腺泡为主的混合腺.Beagle犬的眶腺亦是以纯粘液性腺泡为主的混合腺结构.     

棉酚对大鼠肾脏γ-谷氨酰转肽酶动力学的影响

本文应用动力学分析观察了棉酚对大鼠肾脏γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)的抑制作用。实验结果证实了棉酚在体外是大鼠肾脏γ-GT的抑制剂,而且抑制常数远小于r-GT的天然抑制剂——马尿酸。在不同浓度的棉酚作用下,改变双底物浓度,测定其活力并应用Lineweaver-Burk双倒数作图法,测得棉酚在两种底物情况下,对γ-GT的抑制作用均呈非竞争性抑制。