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1.
Xuan Zhou Chongyu Luo Kuixiu Li Dan Zhu Lihui Jiang Lixia Wu Youchun Li Xiahong He Yunlong Du 《Phyton》2022,91(1):13-20
Panax notoginseng is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant. Root rot of P. notoginseng is one of the most serious diseases affecting P. notoginseng growth and causes wilted leaves, fewer lateral roots and rotten roots. Root rot is a soil-borne disease, and mainly occurs from June to August in Yunnan Province when the temperatures are high and the air is humid. In this study, the endophytic fungal genus Fusarium isolate E-2018.1.22-#3.2 was obtained from a P. notoginseng embryo. Fusarium isolate E-2018.1.22-#3.2 was identified as Fusarium striatum based on morphological characteristics and molecular analysis. The fungus was found to have conidiophores and macroconidia, and its ITS, LSU and TEF-1α genes shared 100%, 99.2% and 99% identities with the homologous genes of Fusarium striatum, respectively. Isolate F. striatum E-2018.1.22-#3.2 can cause root rot symptoms, including black, soft roots, fewer lateral roots and leaf wilt, in 93% of the experimental P. notoginseng plants, and could be re-isolated, fulfilling Koch’s postulates. When the P. notoginseng plants were treated with the fungicide pyraclostrobin, isolate F. striatum E-2018.1.22-#3.2 was unable to cause root rot. We have therefore demonstrated that F. striatum E-2018.1.22-#3.2 is able to cause root rot disease in P. notoginseng. This is the first report of root rot disease caused by F. striatum on P. notoginseng in China. 相似文献
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Gibberellic acid controlled the key developmental processes of the life cycle of landing plants, and regulated the growth and development of plants. In this study, a novel gibberellin receptor gene EuGID1 was obtained from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver. The cDNA of EuGID1 was 1556 bp, and the open reading frame was 1029 bp, which encoded 343 amino acids. EuGID1 had the homology sequence with the hormone-sensitive lipase family. Amino acid sequence alignment confirmed EuGID1 protein had the highest homology with the GID1 protein of Manihot esculenta. EuGID1 was located in the nucleus and cell membrane and had expression in four plant organs. Overexpression of EuGID1 in transgenic Arabidopsis plants promoted plant elongation and increased siliques yield. 相似文献
4.
Rungtiwa Phookamsak Rajesh Jeewon Junfu Li Saranyaphat Boonmee Itthayakorn Promputtha 《Mycological Progress》2018,17(5):647-660
Two novel species of bambusicolous fungi in the genus Kamalomyces, collected from northern Thailand, are described and illustrated herein. Kamalomyces bambusicola and K. thailandicus spp. nov. are typical of the genus Kamalomyces (Tubeufiaceae, Tubeufiales) and are morphologically distinct from known species with respect to their size of ascomata, asci and ascospores, ascospore septation and peridium structure, including the subiculum comprising hyphae on the host surface. Morphological examination reveals that the asexual morph of K. bambusicola is associated with its sexual morph in a subiculum forming dictyochlamydosporous conidia, which are similar to the asexual morph of Chlamydotubeufia. Phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, ITS and TEF1-α sequence data also support these two species as distinct and confirm their phylogenetic affinities within the Tubeufiaceae. In particular, Kamalomyces shares a close phylogenetic relationship to Helicoma. 相似文献
5.
Chengyang Li Lianjun Wang Shasha Chai Yinghua Xu Chong Wang Yi Liu Jian Lei Xiaojie Jin Xianliang Cheng Yuanyuan Yang Xinsun Yang Wenying Zhang 《Phyton》2022,91(8):1779-1793
Fusarium wilt, a disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp batatas (Fob) is an important disease in sweet potato production. Using endophytic bacteria for biological control of sweet potato diseases is one of the important ways. A Bacillus subtilis with antagonistic effect on Fusarium wilt of sweet potato was isolated from soil by confrontation culture. According to the biological characteristics, 16S rDNA sequence analysis, and physiological and biochemical analysis, the Bacillus subtilis HAAS01 was named. A pot experiment was conducted for the biological control experiment of strain HAAS01, and the endogenous hormone content, antioxidant enzyme activity, soluble protein content, and related gene expressions of sweet potato plants were detected. The results showed that the HAAS01 strain could promote the production of endogenous hormones and resist the infection of plant diseases together with defensive enzymes and upregulation of related gene expressions. In summary, Bacillus subtilis HAAS01 was effective in controlling Fusarium wilt of sweet potato and has potential for application and development. 相似文献
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<i>Aspergillus tubingensis</i> Causes Leaf Spot of Cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> L.) in Pakistan
Maria Khizar Urooj Haroon Musrat Ali Samiah Arif Iftikhar Hussain Shah Hassan Javed Chaudhary Muhammad Farooq Hussain Munis 《Phyton》2020,89(1):103-109
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a key fiber crop of great commercial
importance. Numerous phytopathogens decimate crop production by causing
various diseases. During July-August 2018, leaf spot symptoms were recurrently
observed on cotton leaves in Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan and adjacent areas. Infected
leaf samples were collected and plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) media.
Causal agent of cotton leaf spot was isolated, characterized and identified as
Aspergillus tubingensis based on morphological and microscopic observations.
Conclusive identification of pathogen was done on the comparative molecular
analysis of CaM and β-tubulin gene sequences. BLAST analysis of both sequenced
genes showed 99% similarity with A. tubingensis. Koch’s postulates were followed
to confirm the pathogenicity of the isolated fungus. Healthy plants were inoculated
with fungus and similar disease symptoms were observed. Fungus was re-isolated
and identified to be identical to the inoculated fungus. To our knowledge, this is the
first report describing the involvement of A. tubingensis in causing leaf spot disease
of cotton in Pakistan and around the world. 相似文献
8.
In Bazhong City, Sichuan Province, China, top dieback symptoms were found on many pine trees (Pinus thunbergii Parl). The tips of old needles first turned grayish-green and then developed into brown bands in the field. Phylogenetic analysis of concatenated ITS and EF1-α indicated the pathogen of this dieback disease as Diplodia neojuniperi. Additionally, effects of temperature, pH and medium on the mycelial growth were also characterized. The most favorable temperature and pH level for mycelial growth are 25°C and 8, respectively. The optimal medium for mycelial growth is PDA medium. To our knowledge, this is the first report of D. neojuniperi causes Diplodia top dieback on Pinus thunbergii. Our results provide fundamental information for monitoring and preventing such disease in the future. 相似文献
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Yong-Zhong Lu Saranyaphat Boonmee Dong-Qin Dai Jian-Kui Liu Kevin D. Hyde D. Jayarama Bhat Hiran Ariyawansa Ji-Chuan Kang 《Mycological Progress》2017,16(4):403-417
Tubeufia was named for a sexual morph taxon. However, several asexual morph species have been accommodated in this genus as well. In our study, four new species of Tubeufia, viz. T. filiformis, T. latispora, T. laxispora and T. mackenziei, are described and illustrated. The phylogenetic placement of the new species is confirmed by analysis of combined ITS, LSU and TEF1α sequence data. A key to Tubeufia species is provided and the new species are compared with similar fungal taxa. 相似文献
11.
The branching system of higher plants plays a very important role in plant morphogenesis, and the number of branches can directly affect crop yield and the ornamental value of plants. It is a complicated development process involving complex molecular mechanisms. The ‘Cailinghong’ variety of Salvia splendens is characterized by its great branching ability with the ability to grow into a spherical form naturally, without pinching. To gain insight into the molecular events during the branching development of S. splendens, suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) technology was used to screen differentially expressed genes between the erect plant type (strain 35) and the spherical plant type (‘Cailinghong’). In total, 96 and 116 unigenes were annotated. Four and eight unigenes up-regulated in ‘Cailinghong’ and strain 35, respectively, were associated with plant hormone anabolism and signal transduction, suggesting that they participate in the branching process. One of these genes, phytoene synthase (PSY), is a precursor of the new plant hormone group strigolactones. Using the PSY fragment (192 bp) as a template, the cDNA sequence of PSY in S. splendens was cloned and named SsPSY. A relative expression analysis and transgenic test results indicated that SsPSY plays an important role in lateral branch development in ‘Cailinghong’. These results provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying branching in S. splendens. 相似文献
12.
Phytosulfokine-α (PSK-α), a sulfated pentapeptide with the sequence
YIYTQ, is encoded by a small precursor gene family in Arabidopsis. PSK-α regulates multiple growth and developmental processes as a novel peptide hormone.
Despite its importance, functions of PSK-α in M. truncatula growth remains
unknown. In this study, we identified five genes to encode PSK-α precursors in
M. truncatula. All of these precursors possess conserved PSK-α signature motif.
Expression pattern analysis of these MtPSK genes revealed that each gene was
expressed in a tissue-specific or ubiquitous pattern and three of them were remarkably expressed in root. Treatment of M. truncatula seedlings with synthetic PSK-
α peptide significantly promoted root elongation. In addition, expression analysis
of downstream genes by RNA-seq and qRT-PCR assays suggested that PSK-α
signaling might regulate cell wall structure via PMEI-PME module to promote
root cell growth. Taken together, our results shed light on the mechanism by
which PSK-α promotes root growth in M. truncatula, providing a new resource
for improvement of root growth in agriculture. 相似文献
13.
Linjun Cai Junhua Liu Han Yun Dan Du Xiaolong Zhong Zhenlin Yang Xianchun Sang Changwei Zhang 《Phyton》2021,90(4):1103-1117
Leaf color mutants are ideal materials for studying many plant physiological and metabolic processes such as photosynthesis, photomorphogenesis, hormone physiology and disease resistance. In this study, the genetically stable yellow-green leaf mutant ygl16 was identified from mutated “Xinong 1B”. Compared with the wild type, the pigment concentration and photosynthetic capacity of the ygl16 decreased significantly. The ultrastructural observation showed that the distribution of thylakoid lamellae was irregular in ygl16 chloroplasts, and the grana and matrix lamellae were blurred and loose in varied degrees, and the chloroplast structure was disordered, while the osmiophilic corpuscles increased. The results of the genetic analysis and mapping showed that the phenotype of ygl16 was controlled by a pair of recessive nuclear gene. The gene located in the 56Kb interval between RM25654 and R3 on the long arm of chromosome 10. The sequencing results showed that the 121st base of the first intron of the candidate gene OsPORB/FGL changed from A to T in the interval. qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of chlorophyll synthase-related genes in the mutant decreased. 相似文献
14.
The lignocellulosic crop Miscanthus spp. has been identified as a good candidate for biomass production. The
responses of Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. to salinity were studied to satisfy the needs for high yields in marginal
areas and to avoid competition with food production. The results indicated that the relative advantages of the
tolerant accession over the sensitive one under saline conditions were associated with restricted Na+ accumulation
in shoots. Seedlings of two accessions (salt-tolerant ‘JM0119’ and salt-sensitive ‘JM0099’) were subjected to 0
(control), 100, 200, and 300 mM NaCl stress to better understand the salt-induced biochemical responses of genes
involved in Na+ accumulation in M. sinensis. The adaptation responses of genes encoding for Na+
/H+ antiporters,
NHX1 and SOS1 to NaCl stress were examined in JM0119 and JM0099.The cDNA sequences of genes examined
were highly conserved among the relatives of M. sinensis based on the sequencing on approximate 600 bp-long
cDNA fragments obtained from degenerate PCR. These salt-induced variations of gene expression investigated by
quantitative real-time PCR provided evidences for insights of the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance in
M. sinensis. The expression of NHX1 was up-regulated by salt stress in JM0119 shoot and root tissues. However,
it was hardly affected in JM0099 shoot tissue except for a significant increase at the 100 mM salt treatment, and it
was salt-suppressed in the JM0099 root tissue. In the root tissue, the expression of SOS1 was induced by the high
salt treatment in JM0119 but repressed by all salt treatments in JM0099. Thus, the remarkably higher expression
of NHX1 and SOS1 were associated with the resistance to Na+ toxicity by regulation of the Na+ influx, efflux, and
sequestration under different salt conditions. 相似文献
15.
Phytophthora nicotianae causes substantial economic losses in most countries where tobacco is produced. At present, the control of P. nicotianae mainly depends on chemical methods, with considerable environmental and
health issues. We investigated the effects of ethanol extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SBG) and Magnolia officinalis (MO). On mycelial growth, sporangium formation, and zoospore release of P. nicotianae. Both
extracts inhibited the growth of P. nicotianae, with mycelial growth inhibition rates of 88.92% and 93.92%, respectively, at 40 mg/mL, and EC50 values of 5.39 and 5.74 mg/mL, respectively. The underlying mechanisms were the
inhibition of sporangium formation, the reduction of zoospore number, and the destruction of the mycelium
structure. At an SBG extract concentration of 16.17 mg/mL, the inhibition rates for sporangia and zoospores were
98.66% and 99.39%, respectively. At an MO extract concentration of 2.87 mg/mL, the production of sporangia
and zoospores was completely inhibited. The hyphae treated with the two plant extracts showed different degrees
of deformation and damage. Hyphae treated with SBG extract showed adhesion and local swelling, whereas treatment with MO extract resulted in broken hyphae. Mixture of the extracts resulted in a good synergistic effect. 相似文献
16.
Elizabeth Carrillo-Flores Jonanci Arreola-Rivera Denní Mariana Pazos-Solís Moisés Bocanegra-Mondragón Grisel Fierro-Romero Ma. Elena Mellado-Rojas Elda Beltrán-Peña 《Phyton》2022,91(11):2383-2401
The potential of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) has been demonstrated in the case of plant inoculation with bacteria of the genus Azospirillum which improves yield. A. brasilense produces a wide variety of molecules, including the natural auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), as well as other phytoregulators. However, several studies have suggested that auxin induces changes in plant development during their interaction with the bacteria. The effects of A. brasilense Sp245 on the development of Arabidopsis thaliana root were investigated to help explain the molecular basis of the interaction. The results obtained showed a decrease in primary root length from the first day and remained so throughout the exposure, accompanied by a stimulation of initiation and maturation of lateral root primordia and an increase of lateral roots. An enhanced auxin response was evident in the vascular tissue and lateral root meristems of inoculated plants. However, after five days of bacterization, the response disappeared in the primary root meristems. The role of polar auxin transport (PAT) in auxins relocation involved the PGP1, AXR4-1, and BEN2 proteins, which apparently mediated A. brasilense-induced root branching of Arabidopsis seedlings. 相似文献
17.
Jing Qu Shuang Liu Peng Jiao Zhenzhong Jiang Jianbo Fei Shuyan Guan Yiyong Ma 《Phyton》2022,91(8):1709-1719
To develop cold-tolerant maize germplasms and identify the activation of INDUCER OF CRT/DRE-BINDING FACTOR EXPRESSION (ICE1) expression in response to cold stress, RT-PCR was used to amplify the complete open reading frame sequence of the ICE1 gene and construct the plant expression vector pCAMBIA3301-ICE1-Bar. Immature maize embryos and calli were transformed with the recombinant vector using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformations. From the regenerated plantlets, three T1 lines were screened and identified by PCR. A Southern blot analysis showed that a single copy of the ICE1 gene was integrated into the maize (Zea mays L.) genomes of the three T1 generations. Under low temperature-stress conditions (4°C), the relative conductivity levels decreased by 27.51%–31.44%, the proline concentrations increased by 12.50%–17.50%, the malondialdehyde concentrations decreased by 16.78%–18.37%, and the peroxidase activities increased by 19.60%–22.89% in the T1 lines compared with those of the control. A real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that the ICE1 gene was ectopically expressed in the roots, stems, and leaves of the T1 lines. ICE1 positively regulates the expression of the CBF genes in response to cold stress. Thus, this study showed the successful transformation of maize with the ICE1 gene, resulting in the generation of a new maize germplasm that had increased tolerance to cold stress. 相似文献
18.
Abtisam Binnoubah Rim Hamdy Osama G. Ragab Ahmed M. El-Taher Ahmed Abou El-Yazied Fatmah A. Safhi Hala A. Elzilal Ashwaq T. Althobaiti Salha M. ALshamrani Diaa Abd El Moneim Ahmed El-Banhawy 《Phyton》2023,92(5):1329-1347
This present study includes twelve species that represent the Ficus genus, namely; aspera, carica, tinctoria subsp.
gibbosa, hirta, hispida, neriifolia, palmata, pumila, racemosa, septica, sur, and sycomorus, belonging to the Moraceae family. The species samples were collected from various locations in Egypt. The study focused on the anatomical and molecular characteristics of mature foliage leaves. Since the identification and classification of taxa are
highly dependent on the anatomical features of leaves, the anatomical characteristics were recorded in the form of
a comparison between the examined plants in the data matrix. This study aims to contribute to the identification
of the studied species based on the anatomical details of the matured leaves. Anatomical characterization includes
the variations in upper and lower epidermal layers that are covered by a thin or thick cuticle; the number of palisade and spongy layers; crystals; secretory elements; lithocysts; the midrib zone has parenchyma associated with
mechanical tissue, vascular system, and investigation of trichomes; on the other hand, in the current study, the
phylogenetic analysis was conducted by using the ITS and 5.8 S sequences. From the analysis of all the available
data, it could be stated that there is an overall agreement with the anatomical character dendrogram. 相似文献
19.
Jingsen Liu Jinqi Ma Ai Lin Chao Zhang Bo Yang Liyuan Zhang Lin Huang Jiana Li 《Phyton》2020,89(2):253-273
Invertase (INV), a key enzyme in sucrose metabolism, irreversibly catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose, thus playing important
roles in plant growth, development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. In this
study, we identified 27 members of the BnaINV family in Brassica napus. We
constructed a phylogenetic tree of the family and predicted the gene structures,
conserved motifs, cis-acting elements in promoters, physicochemical properties
of encoded proteins, and chromosomal distribution of the BnaINVs. We also analyzed the expression of the BnaINVs in different tissues and developmental stages
in the B. napus cultivar Zhongshuang 11 using qRT-PCR. In addition, we analyzed RNA-sequencing data to explore the expression patterns of the BnaINVs
in four cultivars with different harvest indices and in plants inoculated with the
pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. We used WGCNA (weighted coexpression network analysis) to uncover BnaINVregulatory networks. Finally,
we explored the expression patterns of several BnaINV genes in cultivars with
long (Zhongshuang 4) and short (Ningyou 12) siliques. Our results suggest that
BnaINVs play important roles in the growth and development of rapeseed siliques
and the defense response against pathogens. Our findings could facilitate the
breeding of high-yielding B. napus cultivars with strong disease resistance. 相似文献
20.
J Yoon Y Matsuo H Kasai A Yokota 《The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology》2012,58(3):191-197
A strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, orange-pigmented, rod-shaped, non-motile and chemoheterotrophic bacteria representing a new genus and species, designated YM8-076T, was isolated from lake water collected at a harbor on Lake Notoro, Hokkaido, Japan. Preliminary analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the novel isolate could be affiliated with the family Saprospiraceae of the phylum Bacteroidetes and that it showed highest sequence similarity (88.5%) to Haliscomenobacter hydrossis ATCC 27775T. The strain could be differentiated phenotypically from recognized members of the family Saprospiraceae. The G+C content of DNA was 53.7 mol%, MK-7 was the major menaquinone and iso-C15:0, iso-C15:1 and iso-C17:0 3-OH were the major cellular fatty acids. On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic studies, it was concluded that strain YM8-076T represents a new genus and species of the family Saprospiraceae. We propose the name Portibacter lacus gen. nov., sp. nov. for this strain; its type strain is YM8-076T (=KCTC 23747T=NBRC 108769T). 相似文献