1973-2020年黄河三角洲滨海盐沼湿地景观格局演化模式和驱动因素

明晰滨海盐沼湿地景观格局演化模式和驱动因素,有助于制定合理的盐沼湿地修复策略、维护区域生态系统健康和可持续发展。以黄河三角洲滨海盐沼湿地为例,基于Landsat系列卫星影像获取1973—2020年共十个时期土地利用/覆被数据,得出盐沼湿地时空变化及其与周边土地利用/覆被的相互转化;利用改进的景观格局状态与演化识别模型(SEDMS),分析盐沼湿地景观格局演化模式,并利用地理探测器探究其空间分异驱动因素。结果表明：(1)1973—2020年,盐沼湿地面积减少了252.35 km²,空间范围总体向外海迁移且趋于集中。盐沼湿地转出类型主要为草地、养殖池/盐田和耕地,转入类型主要为滩涂未利用地和水体。(2)盐沼湿地景观格局演化模式呈明显的阶段性特征：1973—1995年为动荡期,演化模式以消失和破碎为主导;1995—2010为过渡期,格局演化模式逐渐由消失和破碎为主导转变为扩张为主导;2010年后为稳定期,格局发生演化的区域较少,总体以新增和扩张为主。(3)36%的盐沼湿地出现了多次格局演变模式的转变,滩涂未利用地、耕地对于景观格局演化频数的影响最为显著,人工表面、养殖池/...     

降雨量和降雨时间共同调控黄河三角洲典型盐沼湿地土壤碳矿化

研究降雨格局(如降雨量和降雨时间)对滨海盐沼湿地土壤碳矿化的影响,对于深入理解土壤碳的稳定性和积累机制具有重要意义.本研究选取远离海岸且不受潮汐影响的黄河三角洲原生盐地碱蓬盐沼湿地为对象,通过野外原状土柱的控制试验,分析土壤碳矿化(CO2和CH4通量)在不同时期(干旱期和湿润期)对降雨事件的响应.结果表明:降雨时间和降...     

黄河口岸线变迁对潮滩盐沼景观格局变化的影响

基于2001、2005和2010年3期TM遥感影像,运用GIS技术,分析了黄河三角洲不同区士或(Ⅰ区,刁口段;Ⅱ区,东营港及临近岸段;Ⅲ区,河口段;Ⅳ区,南部莱州湾岸段)潮滩盐沼的景观演变与海岸线变迁的动因关系。结果表明,岸线变迁直接决定了潮滩盐沼面积的增长或缩减,但其在不同区域的影响程度差异较大。2001-2010年,Ⅰ区由于1976年以后刁口流路废弃、水沙输入量锐减导致其岸线持续蚀退,潮滩面积锐减明显(减少57.64 km~2,减少率25.94%);Ⅲ区由于1976年以后黄河由清水沟或清8汉入海,河口区域的持续淤积状态使得岸线持续增长,潮滩面积增加显著(增加66.17 km~2,增长率17.39%);而Ⅱ区由于海堤修建及港口建设等人类活动影响,岸线基本处于稳定状态,潮滩面积变化不大,Ⅳ区潮滩面积持续增加。不同区域潮滩盐沼景观格局随距海远近均呈明显带状分布,依次为芦苇盐沼、碱蓬-柽柳-芦苇盐沼、碱蓬盐沼和光滩。2001-2010年,不同景观类型之间存在明显转移,光滩、碱蓬盐沼和芦苇盐沼的面积持续减少(分别减少6.02、18.39和99.20 km~2,减少率为4.61%、12.86%和50.11%),碱蓬-柽柳-芦苇盐沼的面积整体呈增加趋势(增加35.50 km~2,增长率为24.99%)。研究发现,不同区域的景观类型均随岸线的淤积或蚀退而发生向海或向陆的演替,岸线变迁是影响不同区域潮滩盐沼景观格局的决定因素,而黄河调水调沙工程的长期实施对于近年来河口段岸线的变迁以及盐沼植被景观类型的演变具有深刻影响。     

Nitrate addition stimulates microbial decomposition of organic matter in salt marsh sediments

Salt marshes sequester carbon at rates more than an order of magnitude greater than their terrestrial counterparts, helping to mitigate climate change. As nitrogen loading to coastal waters continues, primarily in the form of nitrate, it is unclear what effect it will have on carbon storage capacity of these highly productive systems. This uncertainty is largely driven by the dual role nitrate can play in biological processes, where it can serve as a nutrient‐stimulating primary production or a thermodynamically favorable electron acceptor fueling heterotrophic metabolism. Here, we used a controlled flow‐through reactor experiment to test the role of nitrate as an electron acceptor, and its effect on organic matter decomposition and the associated microbial community in salt marsh sediments. Organic matter decomposition significantly increased in response to nitrate, even at sediment depths typically considered resistant to decomposition. The use of isotope tracers suggests that this pattern was largely driven by stimulated denitrification. Nitrate addition also significantly altered the microbial community and decreased alpha diversity, selecting for taxa belonging to groups known to reduce nitrate and oxidize more complex forms of organic matter. Fourier Transform‐Infrared Spectroscopy further supported these results, suggesting that nitrate facilitated decomposition of complex organic matter compounds into more bioavailable forms. Taken together, these results suggest the existence of organic matter pools that only become accessible with nitrate and would otherwise remain stabilized in the sediment. The existence of such pools could have important implications for carbon storage, since greater decomposition rates as N loading increases may result in less overall burial of organic‐rich sediment. Given the extent of nitrogen loading along our coastlines, it is imperative that we better understand the resilience of salt marsh systems to nutrient enrichment, especially if we hope to rely on salt marshes, and other blue carbon systems, for long‐term carbon storage.     

黄河三角洲草地退化的研究

黄河三角洲位于东经118°7′—119°10′,北纬36°56′—38°12′;东自山东省小清河口,西至徒骇河口,以利津县宁海为顶点向渤海湾呈扇形分布。自50年代以来,随着国营及地方农场的建立以及人口的不断增长,这一地区的草地资源得到了广泛的开发利用。但是,由于一些单位只顾盲目地开垦草地和过度放牧、割草,30多年来整个黄河三角洲盐碱化、退化草地达6.67×10~4ha多,约占当地草地总面积的40%。本文研究了该地区草地退化的现状并就退化程度与累计开发时间的关系初步进行了数     

Degradation of surface-water dissolved organic matter: influences of DOM chemical characteristics and microbial populations

The degree to which biodegradation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) depends on microbial community structure and source remains unknown. In this study, we concentrated the microbial biomass from two streams in northern Michigan and a dystrophic bog lake in northern Wisconsin with varying initial DOM concentration (6.7–78.8 mg C l^–1) and DOM chemical characteristics (e.g. DOM average molecular weights from 808–1887 Da). Each of the three microbial inocula was added to each of the three DOM sources at in situ population levels for a total of nine treatments. Changes in DOM concentration and bacterial productivity, along with chemical characteristics, were examined over 308 h. The [³H]-leucine incorporation method was used to measure microbial production. In two of three sampling sites, bacterial communities were most productive when metabolizing DOM in their native waters. A variable peak in productivity was seen between 16–48 h after inoculation, followed by a drop in productivity in most treatments, with periods of DOM production most likely due to microbial turnover. These data suggest that microbial communities are better able to degrade the DOM of their native habitats, suggesting that biodegradation of DOM is influenced by source-specific microbial species and DOM chemical characteristics.     

黄河三角洲潮间带不同类型湿地景观格局变化与趋势预测

以1979—2013年7期卫星遥感影像(Landsat TM)为数据源,结合野外实地调查,通过建立黄河三角洲潮间带湿地数据库,探讨不同类型湿地的景观格局以及自然与人为因素对景观格局变化的影响,并基于Markov模型对未来20年三角洲潮间带不同类型湿地的景观格局进行了趋势预测。结果表明,三角洲的潮间带湿地面积在1979—2013年间整体呈先降低后增加变化。其中,1979—2010年的湿地面积持续减少,由1050.28 km~2减少为575.39 km~2,减少率为45.22%;2010—2013年的湿地面积略有增加,由575.39 km~2增加为596.17 km~2,增长率为0.36%。1979—2013年,潮间带主要湿地景观类型随距海远近均呈明显带状分布,但芦苇湿地面积呈明显降低趋势(减少273.53 km~2,减少率为79.68%),盐田养殖池面积呈显著增加趋势(增长12.04km~2,增长率为1584.21%),而光滩、碱蓬湿地、碱蓬-柽柳湿地和柽柳-芦苇湿地等其它类型湿地面积整体均呈波动减少趋势。未来20年,潮间带湿地面积整体将呈降低趋势,其值将由2010年的575.39 km~2减少为2030年的546.98 km~2,减少率为6.60%。芦苇湿地面积将继续减少(减少30.16 km~2,减少率为24.12%),盐田养殖池面积将持续增长(增加3.71 km~2,增长率为38.61%),而光滩、碱蓬湿地、碱蓬-柽柳湿地和柽柳-芦苇湿地等其它类型湿地面积均将呈小幅波动变化。研究发现,尽管自然与人为驱动力的双重作用决定了1979—2013年间潮间带的湿地景观格局及其动态变化,但黄河年输沙量(x_1)、区域GDP(x_2)和水产品产量(x_3)对潮间带湿地面积变化(y)的影响更为重要(y=733.192+35.317 x_1-0.005 x_2-4.085 x_3,P=0.00010.05),其对过去30多年间潮间带湿地面积变化的解释贡献高达76.7%。随着黄河三角洲高效生态经济区国家战略的实施,为实现潮间带区域的可持续发展,潮间带湿地的保护与生态保育应给予特别重视。     

黄河三角洲贝壳堤土壤微生物生物量对不同生境因子的响应

从土壤微生物生物量角度分析黄河三角洲贝壳堤不同生境的土壤肥力状况,基于黄河三角洲贝壳堤植被类型,以4种不同生境的土壤为研究对象,测定了微生物生物量碳、氮、磷和相关的土壤理化性质。结果表明,不同生境中土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)、土壤微生物生物量(MBN)、土壤微生物生物量(MBP)均值均为滩脊背海侧高潮线向海侧,且表现出明显的垂直分布特征:0—5 cm5—10 cm10—20 cm20—40 cm40—60 cm。土壤MBC、MBN、MBP占土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)百分比变化范围分别为1.09%—3.48%、2.62%—7.27%、0.78%—2.86%,滩脊、背海侧和高潮线处MBC/SOC无显著差异(P0.05),但显著高于向海侧MBC/SOC(P0.05)。土壤MBN/TN、MBP/TP的变化趋势为滩脊和背海侧向海侧和高潮线。滩脊和背海侧土壤微生物碳、氮、磷的非生物限制性因子为土壤含水量、p H值、含盐量;向海侧和高潮线区域土壤微生物碳、氮、磷的非生物限制性因子为含水量和pH值。滩脊、背海侧和高潮线土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷及土壤养分间的相关关系显著或极显著,且协同性和稳定性高,表明土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷可以作为判断黄河三角洲贝壳堤土壤肥力状况的生物学指标,这为黄河三角洲贝壳堤的土壤肥力管理和植被恢复提供一定的理论依据。     

萘对川西亚高山森林土壤呼吸、可溶性有机质和微生物生物量的影响

通过原位控制试验,研究了萘对川西亚高山森林土壤动物抑制效率、土壤呼吸、可溶性有机质和微生物生物量的影响.结果表明:萘施用显著抑制了大型和中小型土壤节肢动物的个体密度和类群数量,个体密度分别下降76.3%~78.5%和83.3%~84.8%,类群数量分别降低48.3%~56.1%和45.8%~58.3%.萘处理与对照的土壤呼吸速率季节动态呈单峰曲线,分别以2月和8月为最低值和最高值,而且未受萘施用的显著影响.与对照相比,萘处理显著降低了8月和10月土壤可溶性碳和可溶性氮含量,以及4月和8月微生物生物量碳,增加了4月的微生物生物量碳氮比.萘处理和采样时间的交互作用显著影响了微生物生物量碳和微生物生物量氮,但对土壤动物个体密度和类群数量以及可溶性碳含量影响不显著.总体上,萘作为抑制剂,在川西亚高山森林土壤能够有效地抑制土壤动物节肢动物,且并未显著影响土壤呼吸,但对土壤碳氮组分造成了不同程度的影响.     

黄河三角洲湿地水生植物组成及生态位

通过大范围的野外调查和室内测定,运用Levins及Pianka公式,对近代黄河三角洲湿地水生植物的构成及主要物种的生态位进行了研究.结果表明:调查样方内共有水生植物34 种,隶属于16科26属;各调查区域间物种组成和群落类型具有一定的差异性.区域形成的年份越久,其物种数和群落类型就越丰富;挺水植物中以芦苇的生态位宽度最大,为0.905,藨草的最低,为0.127; 沉水植物中轮藻、穗花狐尾藻、川蔓藻及小茨藻的生态位宽度较大,分别为0.783、0.673、0.669和0.640,金鱼藻的最低,仅为0.100.龙须眼子菜、大茨藻和苦草间,马来眼子菜和菹草间生态位重叠值较大,说明这几种植物具有相似的环境适应能力.物种的生态位宽度与该物种的分布范围及耐盐区间的大小存在显著的相关性,由此可以断定土壤和水体盐度是导致黄河三角洲湿地水生植物生态位分化的关键因子.     

黄河三角洲原生演替中土壤微生物群落结构分析

[目的] 黄河三角洲区域具有重要的湿地生态系统。碱蓬、野大豆和芦苇是该地区典型的盐生植物。本研究针对碱蓬、野大豆和芦苇混生植物的根际土壤微生物群落组成和功能基因进行了分析比较。[方法] 对碱蓬,野大豆-芦苇混生植物的根际微生物菌群和光滩土壤菌群进行了宏基因组测序,使用COG和KEGG数据库对微生物菌群的功能进行了注释和比较。[结果] 本研究结果表明,变形菌门是3个取样点的主要菌门,其在碱蓬、野大豆-芦苇根际土壤中的相对含量比光滩土壤分别多28.8%和10.6%。此外,拟杆菌门、放线菌门和芽单胞菌门是3个取样点中的优势物种。中华根瘤菌属是野大豆-芦苇混生植物根际土壤的最主要的属。对功能基因进行分析表明,光滩土壤中的功能基因的数量多于碱蓬根际土壤和野大豆-芦苇混生植物根际土壤的功能基因数。在这3个位点中,氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢和能量代谢,以及无机离子转运和代谢的基因最多。[结论] 本研究为发掘有价值的微生物资源和海岸带盐碱土壤修复提供了一定的理论基础。     

黄河三角洲柽柳植株周围土壤盐分离子的分布

为探讨柽柳的盐分富集效应及其对不同盐分离子分布的影响,以黄河三角洲盐碱地柽柳为研究对象,分析了离植株不同距离不同土层中的盐分离子组成、含量、离子比及不同离子之间的相关性。研究结果表明:各土层阳离子中Na~+含量最高,其次是Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+),K~(+)最低,Cl~(-)在阴离子中的含量最高,SO_4~(2-)次之,HCO_3~-最低,而未检测到CO_3~(2-)。在柽柳植株周围,尤其是表层土壤中,离植株越近盐分含量越高,显示出柽柳对盐分的富集效应,其中对不同阳离子的富集程度表现为K~+Na~+Mg~(2+)Ca~(2+),而对阴离子的富集程度表现为HCO_3~-Cl~-SO_4~(2-)。冠层下凋落物中盐分的释放和树干径流可能是导致盐分在柽柳植株周围水平方向上存在差异的主要原因。土壤总可溶性盐含量随着土层的加深而升高。阳离子和阴离子向下迁移程度分别表现为Na~+Mg~(2+)Ca~(2+)K+和Cl~-SO_4~(2-)≈HCO_3~-,因而随土层加深而升高的Na~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)和Cl~-,显示出底聚特征,而K+、SO_4~(2-)和HCO_3~-含量则随着土层的加深而降低,具有表聚特征。降水淋溶、盐分离子迁移速率的差别和各土层中不同生物量根系对盐分吸收的差异可能是造成盐分在垂直方向上含量变化的主要因素。     

Concentrations and controls of dissolved organic matter in a constricted-channel region of the Ohio River

A 12-month study was conducted to measure the concentrations ofdissolved organic matter (DOC, TDN, TDP) in four sites within a119 km long reach of the Ohio River, near Louisville, KY. In thisstudy we test whether specific geomorphological and biologicalfactors influenced variations in dissolved organic matter.Concentrations of DOC in the river averaged 1200mol/L, and varied by nearly two orders of magnitudeseasonally (mean DOC during base flow 620 mol/L).Peak periods for DOC at all sites were during April–May. Thesite nearest a navigation dam (deeper, lower current velocities)had significantly lower concentrations of TDN and greater C:Nratios than upstream sites. The largest tributary entering thisreach (Kentucky River) had no significant effect on levels of DOMin the main river, despite having significantly greaterconcentrations of TDN and lower levels of DOC during most monthsof the year. Concentrations of DOC, TDN, and TDP were notsignificantly different in littoral and pelagic habitats at allsites studied, suggesting little floodplain influence on DOM inthis constricted-channel section of the Ohio River. C:N ratios ofDOM in the Ohio were significantly different among seasons; C:Nexceeded or equaled Redfield ratios in summer and fall (6 to 10),but were below Redfield (1.8 to 3.0) during winter and spring.Regression models suggest that total phytoplankton densities andflow conditions are the two most important factors regulating DOMin this very large river.     

Growth strategies of four salt marsh plants on Mankyung River estuary in Korea

The emergence of seedlings, the length of roots and shoots, and the biomass of four dominant plant species and shore height were measured to investigate the growth strategy of these plants on the salt marsh of Mankyung River estuary. Four salt marsh plants showed a distinctive zonation, for example, Suaeda japonica was predominantly spread around the low salt marsh, Atriplex gmelini and Aster tripolium were in the middle, and S. asparagoides was in the upper part of the marsh. In terms of emergence of seedlings, S. japonica appeared first followed by A. gmelini, S. asparagoides, and A. tripolium. The growth strategies of halophytes were as follows: S. japonica germinated earlier than the other halophytes so that its root grew rapidly and extensively at the beginning of growth. This species adopted a continuous germination strategy, allowing growth whenever favorable conditions were provided. A. gmelini germinated later than S. japonica, as a quasi-simultaneous germination type, it showed the highest germination rate within the shortest time. Aster tripolium germinated later than any other halophyte. Since this species exhibited characteristics between the continuous germination type and the quasi-simultaneous germination type, it did not show a very high germination rate. Instead, it showed continuous germination and consistent growth of both above-ground and underground parts. Suaeda asparagoides showed an especially high emergence rate at the beginning of its growth. However, the high density retarded its growth until the middle stage. Its roots extended longer than the other halophytes, allowing it to grow well in the dry conditions of the upper marsh.     

Microbial population genomes from the Amazon River reveal possible modulation of the organic matter degradation process in tropical freshwaters

Rivers connect the carbon cycle in land with that in aquatic ecosystems by transporting and transforming terrestrial organic matter (TeOM). The Amazon River receives huge loads of TeOM from the surrounding rainforest, promoting a substantial microbial heterotrophic activity and consequently, CO₂ outgassing. In the Amazon River, microbes degrade up to 55% of the lignin present in the TeOM. Yet, the main microbial genomes involved in TeOM degradation were unknown. Here, we characterize 51 population genomes (PGs) representing some of the most abundant microbes in the Amazon River deriving from 106 metagenomes. The 51 reconstructed PGs are among the most abundant microbes in the Amazon River, and 53% of them are not able to degrade TeOM. Among the PGs capable of degrading TeOM, 20% were exclusively cellulolytic, while the others could also oxidize lignin. The transport and consumption of lignin oxidation byproducts seemed to be decoupled from the oxidation process, being apparently performed by different groups of microorganisms. By connecting the genomic features of abundant microbes in the Amazon River with the degradation machinery of TeOM, we suggest that a complex microbial consortium could explain the quick turnover of TeOM previously observed in this ecosystem.     

淹水培养条件下土壤微生物生物量碳、氮和可溶性有机碳、氦的动态

以洞庭湖区2个典型水稻土（红黄泥和紫潮泥）为对象,研究了25℃、淹水培养条件下稻草-硫铵配施和单施硫铵处理土壤微生物生物量碳、氮（SMBC、SMBN）和可溶性有机碳、氦（SDOC、SDON）的动态变化．结果表明,SMBC、SMBN和SDOC、SDON在培养前期达到峰值,之后降低,并趋于稳定．添加底物后,2种土壤不同处理土壤微生物生物量碳与有机碳（SMBC／TC）和土壤微生物生物量氮与全氮（SMBN／TN）的平均值都在2％-3％之间变化;可溶性碳与全碳（SDOC／TC）的平均值为1％左右,可溶性氮与全氮（SDON／TN）平均值为5％-6％．2种土壤中SMBC峰值单施硫铵处理最大,但与稻草-硫铵配施处理差异均不显著;SMBN、SDOC和SDON峰值稻草-硫铵配施最大．稻草．硫铵配施与单施硫铵处理中,低肥力红黄泥的SMBN、SDOC和SDON峰值差异显著;而高肥力紫潮泥SMBN和SDOC峰值差异不显著．前7d,SMBC／SMBN〈10;14d后,同一时刻单施硫铵处理SMBC／SMBN〉稻草．硫铵配施．不同处理的SDOC!SDON3d时最大．28d时最小．     

潮汐作用对黄河三角洲盐沼湿地甲烷排放的影响

盐沼湿地作为陆海交互作用的过渡带是CH₄重要的自然来源。潮汐活动通过影响CH₄的产生、氧化和传输驱动了湿地CH₄间歇性、周期性的排放。利用涡度相关和微气象监测技术,对黄河三角洲一个盐地碱蓬生态系统CH₄通量、环境因子和水文要素（潮汐）进行了长期连续监测分析了该生态系统生长季CH₄排放的季节动态及潮汐作用对CH₄排放的影响。结果表明：生长季该生态系统是CH₄的排放源,排放日均值为0.063 mg m^-2 h^-1,（范围为-0.36-0.57 mg m^-2 h^-1）。潮汐淹水阶段和落潮后湿润阶段表现为CH₄的显著源。此外我们发现,短期潮汐活动引起土壤干湿状况的变化促进了CH₄脉冲式的排放,因此未来气候变化下温度升高和降雨季节分配引起的土壤干湿变化将会对该区域CH₄排放甚至碳循环产生积极影响。     

黄河三角洲潮沟形态特征对湿地植物群落演替的影响

通过野外调查明确黄河三角洲潮上带、潮间带、潮下带内潮沟的形态特征及植物群落演替特征, 并在此基础上探讨潮沟对植物群落的影响。结果表明: 1)潮沟共包括4级, 沿海到内陆方向, 呈现出潮沟分叉增加、级别增多、曲率变大的发育趋势。潮上带和潮下带均出现较大的宽深比, 潮间带的潮沟密度和分汊率较大; 2)共统计到植物10科15属15种, 大部分为草本植物。植物演替的方向为碱蓬-柽柳-芦苇和香蒲, 物种生态位宽度最大值随着演替的进行, 由碱蓬变为柽柳再到芦苇和香蒲; 3)潮沟曲率、潮沟密度和潮沟宽度与群落演替方向呈正相关, 而潮沟分汊率和潮沟深度与群落演替方向呈负相关。植物群落演替对潮沟分汊率的变化的反应最敏感, 潮沟密度次之。     

降雨量改变对黄河三角洲滨海湿地土壤呼吸的影响

全球变化背景下,降雨模式变化造成土壤水分波动是引起土壤呼吸动态变化的重要驱动力。但滨海湿地如何响应降雨模式变化,进而引起生态系统蓝碳功能改变的机制尚不清楚。依托黄河三角洲滨海湿地增减雨野外控制试验平台,采用土壤碳通量观测系统(LI—8100)对湿地土壤呼吸速率进行监测,探究了2017年黄河三角洲滨海湿地土壤呼吸及环境、生物因子对减雨60%、减雨40%、对照60%、对照40%、增雨40%、增雨60%等变化的响应及机制。结果表明:1)随着降雨量增加,湿地土壤温度逐渐降低;同时增雨和减雨处理均显著提高了湿地土壤湿度(P0.05)。(2)降雨量变化显著影响湿地植被物种组成、地上和地下生物量分配以及植被根冠比(P0.05)。增雨40%和增雨60%均显著提高了湿地植物种类和植被根冠比,但同时显著降低了湿地植被地上生物量。此外,增雨40%和减雨60%处理均显著提高了湿地植被地下生物量。(3)降雨量变化对2017年湿地季节土壤呼吸无显著影响,但在湿地非淹水期,增雨60%和增雨40%均显著提高了湿地土壤呼吸速率(P0.05)。(4)2017年湿地不同降雨处理的土壤呼吸与土壤湿度均呈二次曲线关系(P0.05),相关系数随降雨量增加而降低;同时在非淹水期不同降雨处理的土壤呼吸与土壤温度均指数相关(P0.05),土壤呼吸温度敏感性(Q_(10))随降雨量增加而增大。在淹水期不同降雨处理土壤呼吸与土壤温度无显著相关关系。(5)淹水期土壤呼吸速率与地表水位呈指数负相关(P0.001)。