宁夏一新属恙螨(蜱螨亚纲:恙螨科)

1986年从宁夏回族自治区来到一种稀有的恙螨幼虫,系恙螨科(Trombiculidae)恙螨亚科(Trombiculinae)恙螨族(Trombiculini)中的一新属新种。 柳氏恙螨属Liuella新属 恙螨族幼虫鬚肢毛式fp=B-B-BNB/4B.S。眼2对较大。盾板宽盾形,无前侧肩,后缘中央具明显的乳状突起。后侧毛在盾板的外侧。感毛近基部具小棘。螯肢爪末端具三角冠。须肢爪3分叉。足基节毛fCx=1/2/1。胸毛式kSt=2/2/9,此外在足Ⅱ和     

恙螨一新属新种(蜱螨目:恙螨科)

1985年在湖北省采到一种恙螨,经研究鉴定为一新属新种,现记述如下,文中测量单位为微米。 徐氏恙螨属Hsuella新属 鉴别特征:恙螨亚科中盾板近长方形,宽大于长,板后缘向后略突。板上除1对感毛外尚有7根毛,即1根前中毛,1对前侧毛和2对后侧毛。螯鞘毛具密分枝(Ga=B),鬚跗毛式汀fT=7B。 本新属为纪念我国著名螨类学家徐荫祺教授而命名。     

广东省华溪恙螨属一新种(真螨目:恙螨科)

本文报道采自广东省黑石顶自然保护区华溪恙螨属一个新种。 封华溪恙螨Walehia fenga新种(图1—7) 鉴别特征 盾板短宽,PW/SD>0.60;前侧毛与后侧毛间距大于后侧毛水平线至盾后角的垂直距离(PP);感器短小,22×13+7;盾板毛分枝明显;盾板刻点粗疏;背毛排列4.8……。 本新种与太平洋华溪恙螨Walchia pacifica Chen et Hsu,1955极相似,但AP>pp而不是相反或略相等,盾扳短宽(PW/SD=0.57—0.71,平均0.63),感器膨大部分较长;腹毛数目较少。     

珠恙螨属一新种：真螨目：恙螨科

本文描述1个珠恙螨属 Doloisia一新种,采自广东省罗定县社鼠 Rattus confucianus 鼻内,其感器双角状,盾板后侧毛的分枝长密,前侧毛光裸;足指数795。     

新恙螨属一新种(蜱螨亚纲,恙螨科)

记述我国新恙螨属1新种,互助新恙螨N.huzhuensissp.nov.,新种近似于尕马新恙螨N.gamaensis Yang,鉴别特征如下:新种:PW 75.8,SB 24.2,Sn 58.3(近基部具小棘,并且约1/3至端部具9～13分枝);PL＞AL≈AM,PW/SD 1.38,足Ⅰ膝节具2根觫毛;NDV=74～104根.尕马新恙螨:PW 92.5,SB 27.5,Sn 65.0(基部光裸,约1/2处开始分枝);PL＞AL＞AM,PW/SD 1.74;足Ⅰ膝节具3根觫毛;NDV=74～94.     

纤恙螨属恙螨一新种：蜱螨亚纲：恙螨科

从采自新疆博乐县阿拉山口(海拔290 m)室内灰仓鼠伏龙芝亚种 Cricetulus migratorius caesius耳壳内的一批纤恙螨标本鉴定中发现中国新记录亚属——爱柯纤恙螨亚属 Ericotrombidium中的一个新种,定名为博乐纤恙螨 Leptotrombidium (E.) bolei sp.nov.,它与美丽纤恙螨L.(E.)pulchrum(Sosnina,1950)及索氏纤恙螨L.(E.)sokolovi Kudryshova,1984比较近似,但本新种IP及盾板量度除 AM外均较大,PW-SB≥PL,可与前者区别;IP较小,平均787,幅度763—821,DS较少,排列规则:2+8.6.6.4.2=28,可与后者区别。     

恙螨科二新种记述(蜱螨亚纲:恙螨科)

描述恙螨科Trombiculidae 2新种：多毛恙螨属的湖东多毛恙螨Multisetosa hudongensis sp.nov.和新恙螨属的河湟新恙螨Neotrombicula hehuangensis sp.nov.,标本均存放在青海省地方病预防控制所。     

珠恙螨属一新种(蜱螨目:恙螨科)

作者于1960年在泰山采到珠恙螨属(Doloisia)一新种,现记述如下: 泰山珠恙螨Doloisia taishanensis新种(图1—6) 新种描述 幼虫椭圆形,595.74×508.14微米。眼点不显。活体颜色不详。颚体甚获小,87.50×77.00微米。螯盔毛光裸。须毛式B/B/NNB 4B。须爪3叉。螯肢端节背齿2个,顶端的一个较小,后者甚大,呈钩状。盾板呈五角形,其上密布刻点,四周具明显的皮纹。前缘向前突出,两侧缘内陷,后缘中部突出呈弧形。盾板毛5根,AL短小且光裸,AM位于AL之前方,分支稀短;PL在盾板上,短羽状;PL>AM>AL。AW与SB等宽,PW约大于AW两倍半左右。感器基位于盾板中线之后,感器基周围隆起。感器球棒状,头部顶端圆形,密被小毛,基部具明显小棘。     

同鞭恙螨亚属的修订和一新种恙螨的记述：蜱螨亚纲：恙螨科

本文对同鞭恙螨亚属Synlorillatum Zhao,1985的亚属征作了补充和修订,并探讨了通什长鞭恙螨Lorillatum(S.)tungshihensis Hsu & Chen,1964的分类地位问题。此外,记述了采自鼠耳蝠Myotis sp.的一个恙螨新种——鞭感长鞭恙螨Lorillatum(Synlorillatum)flagellasensilla sp.nov.     

纤恙螨属一新种：真螨目：恙螨科

本文报道1983年采自吉林省和龙县棕背(鼠平) Clethrionomys rufocanus 体上的一种新恙螨,棕(鼠平)纤恙螨 Leptotrombidium rufoconum sp.nov,模式标本分别存放福建医学院寄生虫学教研室和沈阳军区后勤部军事医学研究所。     

四川西部蝇科三新种(双翅目：蝇科)

整理1979～1996年采自中国四川省西部的蝇类标本中,发现蝇科三新种：树棘蝇属 Potamia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830一新种：鬃跗树棘蝇Potamia setitarsis sp. nov.; 胡蝇属 Drymeia Meigen,1826一新种：四川胡蝇Drymeia sichuanensis sp. nov; 池蝇属 Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830一新种：灰黄池蝇 Limnophora cinerifulva sp. nov。模式标本存北京军事医学科学院医学昆虫标本馆。     

广东蚋属二新种记述(双翅目：蚋科)

Five speices of Simuliidae, Simulium (Eusimulium) aureohirtum Brunetti,1911, S. (Simulium ) quinquestriatum (Shiraki, 1935) S.(Gomphostilbia ) pingxiangense An & Hao, 1990, S.(S.) shangchuanense sp. Nov. , S.(S.) spoonatum sp. Nov. were collected from Shangchuan Island, Guangdong Province, China. Both adult and pupal stages of the new species are described in this paper. All the specimens are kept in the Medical Entomological Specimen Building, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing.     

STUDIES ON THE PRODUCTION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ASYMMETRIN

In shake-flask culture asymmetrin was produced by PenicIlliumthomiiaud Byssochlamys niveaduring autolysis. A bioassay wasdevised to estimate relative concentrations of this compound.Culture filtrates of P. thomiicontaining asymmetrin caused adecrease in wet weight, dry weight, and total nitrogen of Phaseolusvulgarisup to 18 days after treatment. At certain intervalsafter treatment with culture filtrate of B. nivea,respirationwas inhibited, and changes were observed in isotope ratio valuesof plants supplied with glucose-¹⁴ C. Plants treated previouslywith culture filtrates of B. nivearesponded but little to gibberelhcacid. High concentrations of mdoleacetic acid inhibited growthof control plants but stimulated growth of plants treated withculture filtrate of B. nivea. ¹Present address: United Fruit Company, Norwood, Massachusetts.Supported in part by a Public Health Service Fellowship No.GF 13,776 from the division of General Medical Sciences, PublicHealth Service, National Institutes of Health, and Grant G 20989from the National Science Foundation. ²Journal Paper No. 2170 of the Purdue Agricultural ExperimentStation.     

FRESHWATER SNAILS OF THE BULINUS TRUNCATUS/TROPICUS COMPLEX IN KENYA: TETRAPLOID SPECIES

Studies in recent years on chromosome number in freshwater snailsbelonging to the Bulinus truncatus/tropicus complex demonstratedthe occurrence in Kenya of one diploid species, B. tropicus,and 2 tetraploid species, B. truncatus and B. permembranaceus.Further observations are now described on the morphologies ofthe tetraploid species, and their distributions. Observations were made on B. truncatus from 26 localities (11newly reported) and B. permembranaceus from 26 localities (7newly reported), in respect of chromosome number, egg proteins,enzymes (5 systems), shell (10 variables measured), male genitalsystem (normal or aphallic) and radula (1st lateral tooth, sizeand mesocone shape). B. permembranaceus differs most clearly from B. truncatus inegg proteins, enzyme-loci and in lacking aphallic individuals.Mesocone shape is generally less angular in B. permembranaceus.The shell of B. permembranaceus grows larger, has the columellamore commonly concave and its spire is proportionally higherand more acute. To distinguish these tetraploid species fromthe partly sympatric B. tropicus, observations on chromosomenumber and biochemical characters are necessary. The tetraploids are allopatric, B. truncatus being found rarelyas high as 1900 m altitude, whereas B. permembranaceus occupiesthe altitude range 1940–2760 m. B. truncatus may be expandingits distribution in Kenya in man-made waterbodies, while B.permembranaceus possibly is restricted by adaptation to coolconditions and by interaction with B. tropicus. Differencesbetween B. truncatus and B. permembranaceus, both morphologicaland biochemical, indicate their origins lie in independent episodesof tetraploidy. ^*Member of External Scientific staff, Medical Research Council (Received 31 October 1988; accepted 6 December 1988)     

PENETRATION OF SUGARS FROM THE CHEMOSENSORY HAIR TIP IN THE FLESHFLY

(1) The penetrations of ¹⁴C-D-glucose and 3-O-methyl-¹⁴C-D-glucoseinto the isolated head of the fleshfly, Boettcherisca peregrina,from the tip of the longest chemosensory hair on the labrumwere investigated. (2) Both ¹⁴C-D-glucose and 3-O-methyl-¹⁴C-D-glucosepenetrated into the hair almost linearly with time and movedrapidly into the labrum. The isotopic activity was finally detectedin the head. (3) The isotopic activity of the hair dipped into¹⁴C-D-glucose solution increased in the preparation which hadbeen pretreated with 7.5 x 10^–2M colchicine for 30 min,whereas in the case of 3-O-methyl-¹⁴C-D-glucose no effect by7.5 x 10^–2M colchicine was found. (4) Both ¹⁴C-D-glucoseand 3-O-methyl-l4C-D-glucose which penetrated from the poreof the hair tip were detected in the dendritefree lumen andin the dendrite-containing lumen of the chemosensory hair. (5)These results suggest that D-glucose not only moves in the dendrite-freelumen and the dendrite-containing lumen but also in the dendrite(s).The suggestive results that 3-O-methyl-D-glucose moves in thedendrite(s) could not be obtained. ^*Present address: Department of Physiology, Medical Collegeof Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.     

环境因子对角倍蚜秋迁蚜生殖和雌性蚜发育的影响

研究了环境因子对角倍蚜Schlechtendalia chinensis (Bell) 秋迁蚜生殖和雌性蚜发育的影响。温、湿度单因子试验表明,秋迁蚜在26℃和80%RH条件下有最大生殖量;温、湿度对秋迁蚜生殖量的影响均符合开口向下的二次抛物线变化趋势,极端温、湿度会导致生殖量的下降。采用三元一次正交组合设计,研究了环境温度（X₁）、湿度（X₂）和光照强度（X₃）三因子不同水平组合对雌性蚜发育的影响,表明温度是影响发育历期的主要因子,其次是光照强度,最后是湿度。因此,适当高温、强光照条件可以加快雌性蚜发育;而适当高湿条件可以降低雌性蚜的发育速率而延长其发育历期。在人工培育角倍蚜生产中,创造有利于秋迁蚜生殖的温、湿度条件可以使秋迁蚜产下较多的越冬侨蚜;在适当降低温度、增加湿度的阴暗条件下贮留雌性蚜可以适当延长其发育,以使角倍蚜与盐肤木在物候上达到最佳吻合。     

STATUS OF GIANT CLAM RESOURCES OF THE PHILIPPINES

Field surveys were conducted to determine distribution and abundanceof giant dam resources in the Philippines. All seven known speciesof giant clams were recorded with Tridacna crocea, T. maximaand T. squamosa occurring the most frequently. The larger speciesT. derasa, T. gigas, Hippopus hippopus and H. porcellanus wererelatively rare. The reduction of giant dam stocks in the Philippines is dueto the uncontrolled exploitation of this resource which is primarilygathered for shellcraft and as supplementary diet in coastalvillages. (Received 26 February 1988; accepted 6 July 1988)     

九种蝗虫核型似近系数的聚类分析研究

应用核型似近系数聚类分析方法,研究了小稻蝗Oxya hyla intricata、山稻蝗O.Agav-isa、上海稻蝗O.Shanghaiensis无齿稻蝗O.Adentata、中华稻蝗O.Chisensis、日本稻蝗O.Japonica、短额负蝗Atractomorpha sinensis、奇异负蝗A.Pergrina和日本蚱Tetrix japonica等9种蝗虫的亲缘关系。结果显示,9种蝗虫分为3类：稻蝗,负蝗和蚱。6种稻蝗之间的核型似近系数(λ)在0.961～0.5695之间,2种负蝗的λ＝0.5867,日本蚱与这8种蝗虫的λ在0.5318～.0322。聚类图直观地反映出它们的亲缘关系与形态分类学的分类结果相一致。从9种蝗虫 的核型演化上看,日本蚱是较原始的类型,负蝗分化也较早,而稻蝗则是较进化的类型。     

农作物重大害虫发生规律研究与“九五”趋势分析

考查我国农作物重大害虫历史发生状况,研究粘虫Mythimna separata Walker、稻飞虱Nilaparvata lugens Sstal稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee、二化螟Chilo sup pressalis Walker、三化螟Tryporyza incertulas Walker、麦蚜Schizaphis graminum Rondani、玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis Guenee、棉铃虫Helicoverpar armigera (Hubner)等害虫的长期发生规律,初步发现粘虫、二化螟、稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟、玉米螟等长期变化有约16年周 期现象,稻飞虱、三化螟有12年左右周期性规律,二化螟、稻纵卷叶螟、麦蚜、棉铃虫等发生周期约11年。根据害虫规律性作出“九五”期间发展趋势预测。     

COMPARISONS OF THE BIOLOGY OF THE INTERTIDAL SUBANTARCTIC LIMPETS NACELLA CONCINNA AND KERGUELENELLA LATERALIS

Two limpet species occur intertidally on subantarctic SouthGeorgia, the patellid Nacella concinna and the siphonarlid Kerguelenellalateralis. N. concinna is confined to the lower shore closeto LWS; K. lateralis occurs in middle shore pools, so theirdistributions do not overlap. N. concinna has a much narrowerthermal niche (–12.9°C to +15.6°C) than K. lateralis(–17.8°C to +31.8°C). Environmental data are presentedto show that the upper lethal temperature of N. concinna islow enough to prevent the limpet living higher on the shore.Both limpet species are slow-moving, but K. lateralis showsincreasing speed with rising temperature, peaking at 15–20°C.In contrast, N. concinna moves actively down to –1.9°C(when sea water freezes), but there is a steady decrease inspeed of locomotion above +2°C. Locomotion ceases at 14°Cin N. concinna (c.f. 30°C in K. lateralis). Both speciesexhibit very low tenacities, but in N. concinna tenacity decreaseswith increasing shell length. In K. lateralis there is no effectof temperature on tenacity. Both species show a positive allometricrelationship between foot area and shell length. N. concinnafeeds upon microbial films and microepiflora, but K. lateraliseats colonial diatoms and Enteromorpha bulbosa. Observationson shell middens of the kelp gull Larus dominicanus showed thatthe gulls did not eat K. lateralis, though they ate great quantitiesof the less accessible N. concinna. Gulls ate N. concinna assmall as 11 mm shell length (within the size range of K. lateralis).Experiments on gulls demonstrated an unwillingness to eat K.lateralis, probably because the siphonariid extrudes a viscidwhite mucus when the foot is touched. (Received 9 May 1996; accepted 8 July 1996)