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对广义马鞭草科(Verbenaceae)的3个主要亚科的花器官早期发生进行了比较研究,发现花器官发生的两种不同类型:在马鞭草亚科中,存在从远轴至近轴单向发生的顺序,首先远轴位置的萼片、花瓣、雄蕊相继发生,此时近轴位置的萼片、花瓣和雄蕊尚未出现或处于更幼小的时期;在牡荆亚科和莸亚科中表现为向心轮状发生的顺序,萼片同时或依次出现,萼片发生完成后,有一段转向花瓣形成原时间间隔,5枚花瓣几乎在同一时间出现,随后是4枚雄蕊同时发生,花器官发生的研究结果与形态学和rbcL序列分析所得出的系统学推断一致,支持马鞭草亚科和其余亚科不能形成一个单系群的观点。 相似文献
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基于rbcL和matK序列探讨马鞭草科部分植物的系统学位置 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为探究适用于马鞭草科植物的DNA条形码及该类群的系统分类关系,对豆腐柴(Premna microphylla)的叶绿体基因ycf6-psbM、trnV-atpE、rbcL、trnL-F、psbM-trnD、atpB-rbcL、trnC-ycf6、trnH-psbA、rpl36-infA-rps8和核基因ITS序列进行了PCR扩增和测序,结果表明仅rbcL、trnl-F、trnH-psbA序列的PCR扩增以及测序效果较好,而ITS不能得到明显的扩增条带,ycf6-psbM不能成功测序,其它序列存在有部分双峰或噪值高等问题。根据DNA条形码标准,rbcL序列是所有测试条码中相对最适合的。应用rbcL和matK序列对马鞭草科(Verbenaceae)豆腐柴属、牡荆属(Vitex L.)、马鞭草属(Verbena L.)和大青属(Clerodendrum L.)等4属与唇形科宝盖草属(Lamium L.)、水苏属(Stachys L.)、鼠尾草属(Salvia L.)和香科科属(Teucrium L.)等4属的分类和系统发育关系进行分析,以紫草科Lithospermum multiflorum L.为外群,最大简约法对2个片段的单独和联合矩阵分别构建系统发育树。豆腐柴属和大青属应从马鞭草科划入唇形科,马鞭草属仍归于马鞭草科,而牡荆属的系统学位置还需更多的证据。 相似文献
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报道了发现于辽宁省的2种中国归化植物新记录:白毛马鞭草(Verbena stricta Vent.)和向日葵(Helianthus annuus L.),白毛马鞭草穗状花序粗壮而紧凑,单生枝顶或呈简单的聚伞状或圆锥状排列,且花序轴在果期显著延长,叶卵圆形,无柄,与中国有报道的本属其他物种区别明显。该种原产美国西部至中部地区,近来在辽宁省铁岭市发现有归化。向日葵原产于北美地区,被发现广泛归化于辽宁省大连市,营口市鲅鱼圈也有发现。归化种群形态特征与该地区栽培类型完全不同,其花序极多分枝,头状花序直径较小,瘦果极小,表面纹饰多样性很高。 相似文献
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建立马鞭草药材指纹图谱,并对4种有效成分的含量进行测定,为马鞭草药材质量控制提供参考。采用超高效液相色谱(UPLC)法建立马鞭草药材指纹图谱,并利用高分辨质谱对共有峰进行指认,以15批马鞭草药材指纹图谱共有峰的相对峰面积为变量,进行化学计量学分析,并对15批马鞭草药材有效成分戟叶马鞭草苷、马鞭草苷、毛蕊花糖苷和异毛蕊花糖苷的含量进行测定。结果显示,马鞭草药材指纹图谱有16个共有峰,并指认出其中6个成分,聚类分析(HCA)和主成分分析(PCA)将15批药材分为3类,正交偏最小二乘法-判别式分析(OPLS-DA)共筛选出7个VIP>1.0的差异性成分。含量测定结果显示,不同产区的马鞭草药材戟叶马鞭草苷、马鞭草苷、毛蕊花糖苷和异毛蕊花糖苷的含量存在较大的差异。该方法能有效分析不同产地马鞭草药材的质量差异,为不同产地马鞭草药材质量的评价提供参考。 相似文献
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马鞭草的化学成分研究(Ⅱ) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
从马鞭草的乙醇提取物中分离得到7个化合物,经理化特征及波谱数据分析确定其结构分别为龙胆苦苷(1),槲皮苷(2),山柰酚(3),毛蕊花糖苷(4),桃叶珊瑚苷(5),β-谷甾醇(6)和熊果酸(7)。其中化合物1~3为首次从该植物中分离得到。 相似文献
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本文发表了马鞭草科一单型新属-静容花属即ChingyungiaT.M.Ai,探讨了它的系统位置。 相似文献
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在整理保存于中国科学院植物研究所中国国家植物标本馆(PE)的国产合瓣花植物模式标本时,根据《国际藻类、菌类、植物命名法规》(墨尔本法规)规则9.5,发现在报春花科中的小点地梅、羽叶点地梅和狭萼报春,龙胆科中的福建龙胆、云雾龙胆、大花深红龙胆、管花秦艽、五台山龙胆和四数獐牙菜,马鞭草科中的三花莸,唇形科中的白苞筋骨草、甘青青兰、血盆草和宽苞峨眉鼠尾草名称的模式为合模式。遵照规则8.1、9.11和9.12,以及辅则9A.3的精神,对这14个名称做出后选模式指定。 相似文献
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柠檬马鞭草快速繁殖技术研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
选择柠檬马鞭草带腋芽的幼嫩茎段为外植体进行快速繁殖。结果表明,腋芽诱导的最适培养基是MS基本培养基附加6-BA0.5~1.0mg/L和IBA0.1~0.3mg/L.外植体腋芽能正常萌发生长,并迅速进入增殖状态,20d转接1次,增殖倍数存3倍以上,最适生根培养基是1/2MS基本培养基附加IBA0.5mg/L,诱导生根率达99%。将生根苗移入苗盆。30d的成活率在85%以上。 相似文献
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建立马鞭草UPLC特征图谱和5-羟基马鞭草苷、马鞭草苷及毛蕊花糖苷含量的一测多评分析方法。对不同产地18批马鞭草进样分析,共确定5个特征共有峰,指认其中3种成分,18批样品相似度均大于0.830。一测多评法与外标法测定结果比较,误差均小于3%,18批标准汤剂中5-羟基马鞭草苷、马鞭草苷及毛蕊花糖苷的含量范围分别为17.36~51.34 mg/g、7.76~72.85 mg/g、1.15~15.44 mg/g; 18批马鞭草饮片到标准汤剂5-羟基马鞭草苷、马鞭草苷及毛蕊花糖苷的转移率分别为35.0%~113.4%、52.1%~109.2%、7.9%~36.3%;所建立的特征图谱结合一测多评含量测定法简便可行,研究结果可为马鞭草及马鞭草中药制剂质量评价提供参考。 相似文献
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Leticia Cabrera R. 《Brittonia》2001,53(3):416-429
Six Mexican species ofAcourtia are described. One of these novelties seems to be related toAcourtia mexicana (Lag. ex D. Don) H. Rob., whose nomenclature has been misunderstood for decades; an exhaustive literature review and examination
of herbarium material supports Robinson’s combination.
Resumen Se describen seis nuevas especies mexicanas deAcourtia. Una de estas novedades parece estar relacionada conAcourtia mexicana (Lag. ex D. Don) H. Robinson, especie cuya nomenclatura ha sido mal interpretada por décadas; una exhaustiva revisión de la literatura así como de material de herbario, apoyan la combinación de Robinson.相似文献
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海南兰科植物新资料 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
报道了中国兰科Orchidaceae植物一新记录属和3个中国新记录种及5个海南新记录种。其中小囊兰属Micropera Lindl.、红花小囊兰Microperapoilanei(Guill.)Garay、疏花羊耳蒜Liparis sparsiflora Aver.和美丽云叶兰Nephelaphyllum pulchrum Bl.为中国新记录;平卧曲唇兰Panisea cavalerei Schltr.、云南曲唇兰Panisea yunnanensis S.C.Chen&Z.H.Tsi、束花石斛Dendrobium chrysanthum Wallichex Lindl.、滇南翻唇兰Hetaeria rubens (Lindl.)Benth.ex J.D.Hook.f和毛叶芋兰Nervilia plicata(Andrews)Schltr.为海南新记录种。 相似文献
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M A Parker 《Applied and environmental microbiology》1999,65(11):4914-4920
Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, partial 23S rRNA sequences, and nearly full-length 16S rRNA sequences all indicated high genetic similarity among root-nodule bacteria associated with Apios americana, Desmodium glutinosum, and Amphicarpaea bracteata, three common herbaceous legumes whose native geographic ranges in eastern North America overlap extensively. A total of 19 distinct multilocus genotypes (electrophoretic types [ETs]) were found among the 35 A. americana and 33 D. glutinosum isolates analyzed. Twelve of these ETs (representing 78% of all isolates) were either identical to ETs previously observed in A. bracteata populations, or differed at only one locus. Within both 23S and 16S rRNA genes, several isolates from A. americana and D. glutinosum were either identical to A. bracteata isolates or showed only single nucleotide differences. Growth rates and nitrogenase activities of A. bracteata plants inoculated with isolates from D. glutinosum were equivalent to levels found with native A. bracteata bacterial isolates, but none of the three A. americana isolates tested had high symbiotic effectiveness on A. bracteata. Phylogenetic analysis of both 23S and 16S rRNA sequences indicated that both A. americana and D. glutinosum harbored rare bacterial genotypes similar to Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110. However, the predominant root nodule bacteria on both legumes were closely related to Bradyrhizobium elkanii. 相似文献
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Two stick-like acridids (Orthoptera: Proscopiidae) from Argentina, Anchocoema bidentata Mello-Leitao and Astroma saltense Mello-Leitao, were evaluated as potential biological control agents of creosote bush (Larrea tridentata (DC.) Coville) in the southwestern United States. Their biology, behavior and geographic distribution of those species were studied. The host plant ranges for both insects were established through nymph feeding preference and development tests in the laboratory and in the field. A total of 33 species of plants belonging to 13 families were tested. Anchocoema bidentata and A. saltense are mimetic species, having as many as three generations a year, and exhibit strong sexual dimorphism; females are larger and less mobile than males. In both species, females laid egg masses in the soil. First instars appeared in the field at the end of the spring, the second generation at mid-summer, and a third at the end of the summer. Adults of A. bidentata and A. saltense appeared in the field at the beginning of the spring. The laboratory multiple-choice feeding test showed that A. bidentata preferred Larrea divaricata Cav., whereas A. saltense preferred L. divaricata and L. cuneifolia Cav. In the nymph development test (no choice), A. bidentata was able to complete its development only on L. divaricata and L. cuneifolia, while Astroma saltense completed its development on six plant species: L divaricata, L. cuneifolia, Bulnesia retama (Gillies ex Hooker et Arnott), B. schickendantzi Hieron (all Zygophyllaceae), Zuccagnia punctata Cav., and Prosopis torquata (Cav. Ap. Lag.) (both Fabaseae). We concluded that A. bidentata could be a biocontrol agent for L. tridentata because the first instar can complete its development only on Larrea spp. Regarding A. saltense, this species showed a wide host range and should not be considered as a biological control agent of L. tridentata. 相似文献
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Despite their importance as invasive species, there has been a hesitation to target grasses in classical biocontrol. This historic bias appears to be changing with multiple active research and release programs. Similarly, biocontrol workers appear to avoid targeting species with native congeners. These biases appear inappropriate as the ecological and entomological literature provide abundant evidence for sub-genus specificity for many herbivores, including those attacking grasses. The biocontrol program targeting Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud (Poaceae) provides an informative example with endemic subspecies in North America and many sub-genus specific herbivores, including potential European control agents. Grasses and target weeds with congeneric native species require rigorous host range testing, similar to all other targets in current weed biological control programs. Furthermore, it appears prudent to ask petition reviewers and regulatory agencies to abandon their focus on results of no-choice studies and to distinguish between trivial feeding and demographic impacts. 相似文献
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Hall DD Davare MA Shi M Allen ML Weisenhaus M McKnight GS Hell JW 《Biochemistry》2007,46(6):1635-1646
The cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) regulates a wide array of cellular functions. In brain and heart PKA increases the activity of the L-type Ca2+ channel Cav1.2 in response to beta-adrenergic stimulation. Cav1.2 forms a complex with the beta2-adrenergic receptor, the trimeric GS protein, adenylyl cyclase, and PKA wherein highly localized signaling occurs [Davare, M. A., Avdonin, V., Hall, D. D., Peden, E. M., Burette, A., Weinberg, R. J., Horne, M. C., Hoshi, T., and Hell, J. W. (2001) Science 293, 98-101]. PKA primarily phosphorylates Cav1.2 on serine 1928 of the central, pore-forming alpha11.2 subunit. Here we demonstrate that the A-kinase anchor protein 150 (AKAP150) is critical for PKA-mediated regulation of Cav1.2 in the brain. AKAP150 and MAP2B specifically co-immunoprecipitate with Cav1.2 from rat brain. Recombinant AKAP75, the bovine homologue to rat AKAP150, binds directly to three different sites of alpha11.2. MAP2B from rat brain also interacts with these same sites in pull-down assays. Gene disruption of AKAP150 in mice dramatically reduces co-immunoprecipitation of PKA with Cav1.2 and prevents phosphorylation of serine 1928 upon beta-adrenergic stimulation in vivo. These results demonstrate the physiological relevance of PKA anchoring by AKAPs in general and AKAP150 specifically in the regulation of Cav1.2 in vivo. 相似文献
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Forb populations were sampled on Kansas tallgrass prairie to examine the effects of native (bison) and domestic (cattle) ungulates on plant growth, reproduction, and species abundances. Five locally and regionally abundant native tallgrass prairie perennials, Baptisia bracteata, Oenothera speciosa, Vernonia baldwinii, Solidago missouriensis, and Salvia azurea, were selected for study. Replicate watershed-level treatments included three grazing regimes (ungrazed, grazed by cattle, and grazed by bison), and two spring fire frequencies (annually burned and burned at 4-yr intervals). The results show that forb responses to ungulates in tallgrass prairie are complex and vary significantly among plant species, ungulate species, fire regimes, and plant life history stages. Some forbs (e.g., B. bracteata, O. speciosa, and V. baldwinii) increased in growth and reproduction in grazed sites, indicating competitive release in response to selective grazing of the dominant warm-season matrix grasses. Forbs that reduced performance in grazed sites are likely negatively affected by disturbances generated by ungulate nongrazing activities, because none of the forbs studied were directly consumed by bison or cattle. Large grazers had no detectable effect on the frequency of plant damage by other herbivores or pathogens. Significant effects of grazers on patterns of flowering and seed production were not congruent with their effects on population densities, indicating that variation in sexual reproduction plays a minor role in regulating local population abundances. Furthermore, the native and domestic ungulates differ significantly in their effects on forb growth and reproduction. 相似文献
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Arnaud Monteil Patrick Chausson Katia Boutourlinsky Alexandre Mezghrani Sylvaine Huc-Brandt Iulia Blesneac Isabelle Bidaud Céline Lemmers Nathalie Leresche Régis C. Lambert Philippe Lory 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2015,290(26):16168-16176
Voltage-dependent calcium channels (Cav) of the T-type family (Cav3.1, Cav3.2, and Cav3.3) are activated by low threshold membrane depolarization and contribute greatly to neuronal network excitability. Enhanced T-type channel activity, especially Cav3.2, contributes to disease states, including absence epilepsy. Interestingly, the intracellular loop connecting domains I and II (I-II loop) of Cav3.2 channels is implicated in the control of both surface expression and channel gating, indicating that this I-II loop plays an important regulatory role in T-type current. Here we describe that co-expression of this I-II loop or its proximal region (Δ1-Cav3.2; Ser423–Pro542) together with recombinant full-length Cav3.2 channel inhibited T-type current without affecting channel expression and membrane incorporation. Similar T-type current inhibition was obtained in NG 108-15 neuroblastoma cells that constitutively express Cav3.2 channels. Of interest, Δ1-Cav3.2 inhibited both Cav3.2 and Cav3.1 but not Cav3.3 currents. Efficacy of Δ1-Cav3.2 to inhibit native T-type channels was assessed in thalamic neurons using viral transduction. We describe that T-type current was significantly inhibited in the ventrobasal neurons that express Cav3.1, whereas in nucleus reticularis thalami neurons that express Cav3.2 and Cav3.3 channels, only the fast inactivating T-type current (Cav3.2 component) was significantly inhibited. Altogether, these data describe a new strategy to differentially inhibit Cav3 isoforms of the T-type calcium channels. 相似文献