干细胞对皮肤瘢痕的治疗作用

皮肤瘢痕的治疗是临床难题,近年开展的干细胞移植为皮肤瘢痕的治疗开辟了一种新的治疗方法。为评估干细胞对皮肤瘢痕的治疗作用,探索皮肤疤痕的有效治疗方法,本文对干细胞对皮肤瘢痕的治疗作用进行了综述。已报道的临床多种干细胞治疗皮肤疤痕,均取得了较为肯定的治疗效果,但从整体水平观察,还处于初步探索阶段,积极开展不同种类干细胞对不同种类皮肤瘢痕类型的治疗效果,给药途径、干细胞浓度、剂量和安全性等多中心系统的规范研究,及治疗机制的深入探讨,将有力促进干细胞治疗皮肤瘢痕的广泛临床应用。     

超脉冲CO2激光联用康瑞保治疗陈旧性瘢痕临床疗效

目的：观察超脉冲CO2激光术后外用康瑞保凝胶对小面积增生性瘢痕及瘢痕疙瘩的临床疗效。方法：随机将患者分为单一激光治疗组（激光组）、激光加康瑞保治疗组（治疗组）及单一康瑞保治疗组（药物组）,激光组及治疗组每2个月激光治疗一次,6个月后观察瘢痕的面积、硬度及患者瘙痒,紫绷感等自觉症状改善情况进行记分。结果：治疗组总有效率为77．42％,而激光组及药物组总有效率分别为45．45％,44．44％。单纯激光治疗也可明显改善瘢痕的硬度及紧绷感,单纯药物可明显减轻瘙痒感。结论：对陈旧性小面积瘢痕,超CO2激光配合康瑞保疗效明显优于单一用药物或激光治疗。为临床上治疗陈旧性增生性瘢痕及瘢痕疙瘩提供了有效的可供选择的方法。     

PI3-K/AkT信号转导通路与瘢痕形成研究进展

临床上组织损伤2—3天后即可出现肉芽组织,进而由于成纤维细胞和血管内皮细胞的增殖逐渐形成纤维性瘢痕。瘢痕的形成与血管再生和细胞增殖及凋亡密切相关。常见的病理性瘢痕主要是增生性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩,他们不仅影响患者关键伤口的活动,而且在美观上给患者带来莫大的痛苦。但是由于对瘢痕的形成原因及发病机制仍不甚清楚,至今临床上实行地以手术为主的对瘢痕的治疗方法仍未取得较满意效果。磷脂酰肌醇3激酶（P13K,phosphoinositide3．Kinase）／Akt（P13．K／Akt）通路广泛存在于人体的多个生理功能中,其在细胞因子作用下介导细胞生存已被证实,目前研究表明,P13-k／Akt信号通路在瘢痕形成中也发挥了重要作用,这可能会为瘢痕的治疗带来新的前景。本文将就近年来关于P13-k／Akt通路在中发挥的作用机制作一综述,并对未来利用此通路彻底治疗瘢痕的可能方式做一展望。     

病理性瘢痕形成中VEGF 表达及调控的研究进展*

病理性瘢痕一直是整形外科乃至整个外科界研究的热点,由于其发病机制十分复杂,迄今尚无明确的病因学诊断和有效的治疗方法.VEGF作为目前活性最强的血管生长因子,与病理性瘢痕的发生、发展关系密切.研究病理性瘢痕形成过程中VEGF的表达及调控机制,有助于阐明病理性瘢痕的发病机制,为预防和治疗病理性瘢痕提供依据.     

微等离子体射频技术治疗成熟瘢痕50例临床观察

目的:研究新型微等离子体射频技术治疗瘢痕的效果。方法:50例成熟瘢痕患者,包括31例痤疮疤痕,19例外伤或手术疤痕。均采用微等离子体射频技术进行功率为70～90Watt的滑动式或定点式治疗,每4周治疗一次,共治疗2～5次,通过治疗前及治疗后3个月统一衡量标准对比来进行疗效评估。结果:成熟瘢痕表现为身体各部位分布形状不规则形状皮肤组织凹陷或轻度增生。通过临床指标评分,50例患者总有效率为82%。疗效显著18例(36%),有效22例(44%),轻微改善11例(22%),无效9例(18%)。结论:微等离子体射频技术能显著改善成熟瘢痕的色泽、质地和凸凹程度,不良反应少,是治疗成熟瘢痕的有效方法。     

HeNe激光对瘢痕组织影响的实验研究

目的 :寻求瘢痕组织的康复疗法。方法 :家兔 2 0只 ,在臀部一侧人工形成瘢痕。随机分为激光治疗组和对照组 ,每组 1 0只。对激光治疗组家兔于术后第 3天开始用低能量 He Ne激光照射治疗 ,每天一次 ,每次1 5分钟 ,连续照射 1 0天。于术后第 2 0天 ,将家兔全部处死 ,对每只做过实验的臀部 ,均整块地切其软组织做病理检查。结果 :激光治疗组感染消失和切口愈合平均天数分别为 4 .2天和 5.9天。对照组感染消失和切口愈合平均天数分别为 1 2 .9天和 1 4 .8天。显微镜下可见表皮增厚 ,瘢痕及横纹肌退变等异常改变。这些变化以激光治疗组为最轻 ,与对照组比 P<0 .0 1 ,有非常显著差异。结论 :早期应用 He Ne激光照射治疗 ,有防治瘢痕形成及促进瘢痕软化的作用。     

积雪草甙治疗瘢痕的分子生物学研究进展

积雪草戒作为一种中药提取物有抑制疲痕增生的作用,本文通过对国内外期刊中有关积雪草甙分子生物学研究的文献进行查阅,综述了积雪草武对成纤维细胞、胶原代谢、细胞因子等的影响,为在分子水平研究中药提取物治疗瘢痕的作用机制提供思路,以期研制出广泛应用于临床的治疗瘢痕的药物.     

瘢痕疙瘩的治疗新进展

瘢痕疙瘩是一种病因不明的良性肿瘤,国内外文献报道的治疗方法比较多,但到现在还没有一种非常满意的治疗方法。本文对近年国内外关于瘢痕疙瘩的治疗方法分类综述,认为术后及时放疗的治疗方法要理想一些,病灶内注射皮质激素为临床一线选择的治疗药物,综合治疗可以使复发率降低,治疗时还应注重患者的个体化差异,选择适合患者的最好方法,针对一些需要患者积极配合并掌握的治疗方法,还应考虑到患者的依从性问题,良好的医患配合可以达到理想的治疗效果。     

细胞因子抗瘢痕的研究进展

瘢痕是创伤修复的必然结果影响,瘢痕的产生,发展的因素很多,虽然国内外学者在病理性瘢痕领域研究取得了一些进展,但其确切的发病机制仍未完全清楚,目前对治疗瘢痕的研究主要集中在生化,细胞水平,对分子机制和基因水平的研究还在不断的深入,人们对细胞因子在瘢痕形成方面起了关键的调节作用这一观点已逐步形成共识,并将细胞因子引入瘢痕的治疗中.常见的细胞因子在抗瘢痕中的应用也将成为可能.本文主要介绍了常见细胞因子的在创面修复中的生物学特征及抗瘢痕的研究情况.     

人参皂苷Rb_1增生性瘢痕影响的研究

本实验通过建立增生性瘢痕的动物模型探讨人参皂苷Rb1对增生性瘢痕的治疗效果。选取十分成熟的兔耳增生性瘢痕模型,每只兔子做5处增生性瘢痕,每个瘢痕做不同处理:空白对照组(a),生理盐水注射组(b),药物浓度分别为:0.2 mg/mL(c)、0.4 mg/mL(d)、1.0 mg/mL(e),共5组。通过HE、VG染色,计算HI和胶原纤维含量等发现人参皂苷Rb1可使得瘢痕增生情况有所抑制。免疫组织化学上相关胶原Ⅰ型蛋白和Caspase 3的表达以及原位杂交检测胶原Ⅰ型mRNA的表达从更深的角度表明了该药物有促进成纤维细胞凋亡的趋势和抑制胶原增生的现象。实验结果表明人参皂苷Rb1有抑制增生性瘢痕发展的作用。     

Analysis of the structure of the urban and rural populations of the central portion of Krasnodar Krai

The structure of the populations in Korenovsk and Ust-Labinsk districts--sexual, age, family and migrant is described Reproduction is low in these populations. The after-reproduction age class in rural populations prevailed, which affects the ratio of recessive and dominant forms in hereditary pathology of these populations. Family planning in towns accounts for small size of the families and decrease of the role of natural selection. Gametic and endogamy indexes for these populations indicate that intensive migrant processes take place in populations studied, as shown by the level of recessive pathology. The results obtained can be used in the medical-genetic studies for this territory.     

Modeling the Underlying Dynamics of the Spread of Crime

The spread of crime is a complex, dynamic process that calls for a systems level approach. Here, we build and analyze a series of dynamical systems models of the spread of crime, imprisonment and recidivism, using only abstract transition parameters. To find the general patterns among these parameters—patterns that are independent of the underlying particulars—we compute analytic expressions for the equilibria and for the tipping points between high-crime and low-crime equilibria in these models. We use these expressions to examine, in particular, the effects of longer prison terms and of increased incarceration rates on the prevalence of crime, with a follow-up analysis on the effects of a Three-Strike Policy.     

To the analytical theory of the supercompensation phenomenon

The effect of supercompensation and the conditions of its origination have been analyzed using a special analytical solution of the equation of the overdamped Duffing oscillator. The threshold values of the functional shift after the exposure of a living organism to intensive external load have been found. If these values are exceeded, the restoration process goes through the stages of enhanced and lowered working capacity. Expressions for the times of transition to these phases after the onset of recovery and for the time of occurrence of the maxima of these phases have been obtained and analyzed.     

Computer simulation of the kinetics of the sodium pump

A simple kinetic model for the membrane-bound enzyme, 'Na+, K(+)-ATPase', is presented. An equation for the efflux of Na+ and influx of K+ is derived. This also explains multiple ligand binding of homospecies of these cations and competition between heterospecies of these cations. The equation is computed by a small BASIC program and its validity is sought by comparing the results with a few experimental data.     

Effects of peroxide on the fluorescence of the Ca2+ probe Fluo 3 and the pH probe BCECF

Fluorescence probes are invaluable tools in monitoring intracellular ion concentrations. They have also been used for studying how reactive oxygen species alter these concentrations and yet there are no studies indicating how reactive oxygen species directly affect the characteristics of the probes. Our concern was that if reactive oxygen were to affect characteristics of these probes, these measurements would be inconsequential. Therefore, we examined the effects of peroxide on the Ca²⁺-sensitive dye Fluo 3 and the pH sensitive dye BCECF. Peroxide concentrations below 10 mM did not alter fluorescence or binding characteristics of either dye. Since the concentrations of peroxide used in most pathophysiological experiments are in the micromolar range, we conclude that these probes are appropriate for monitoring the effects of peroxide on intracellular ion concentrations.     

History of polar whaling: insights into the physiology of the great whales

The sheer size and pelagic nature of the great whales has effectively precluded detailed studies of most of their physiological processes. The vast majority of all data for these species have come from anatomical studies conducted on specimens that were caught in commercial and native whaling operations. In both the polar regions, an incredible number of whales were hunted, but anatomical studies were not usually conducted until relatively recent times. However, the anatomical data that do exist provide a valuable insight into some of the physiological demands placed on the animals by their marine habitat. These include information on blubber and nutrition; baleen and feeding ecology; contaminant chemistry and tissue samples; diving chemistry and acoustics. Taken together, these anatomical data provide the only substantial information on how these animals dive and hunt. Recent breakthroughs in chemical techniques however, are providing even greater details on function (for example, fatty acid signature methods). Coupled with advanced methods for tracking these whales at sea (acoustic and satellite), future studies should provide significant new information on the general physiology of these difficult to study species.     

On the importance of homology in the age of phylogenomics

Homology is perhaps the most central concept of phylogenetic biology. Molecular systematists have traditionally paid due attention to the homology statements that are implied by their alignments of orthologous sequences, but some authors have suggested that manual gene-by-gene curation is not sustainable in the phylogenomics era. Here, we show that there are multiple ways to efficiently screen for and detect homology errors in phylogenomic data sets. Application of these screening approaches to two phylogenomic data sets, one for birds and another for mammals, shows that these data are replete with homology errors including alignments of different exons to each other, alignments of exons to introns, and alignments of paralogues to each other. The extent of these homology errors weakens the conclusions of studies based on these data sets. Despite advances in automated phylogenomic pipelines, we contend that much of the long, difficult, and sometimes tedious work of systematics is still required to guard against pervasive homology errors. This conclusion is underscored by recent studies that show that just a few outlier genes can impact phylogenetic results at short, tightly spaced internodes that are deep in the Tree of Life. The view that widespread DNA sequence alignment errors are not a major concern for rigorous systematic research is not tenable. If a primary goal of phylogenomics is to resolve the most challenging phylogenetic problems with the abundant data that are now available, researchers must employ effective procedures to screen for and correct homology errors prior to performing downstream phylogenetic analyses.     

Activation of cholecystokinin neurons in the dorsal pallium of the telencephalon is indispensable for the acquisition of chick imprinting behavior

Chick imprinting behavior is a good model for the study of learning and memory. Imprinting object is recognized and processed in the visual wulst, and the memory is stored in the intermediate medial mesopallium in the dorsal pallium of the telencephalon. We identified chicken cholecystokinin (CCK)-expressing cells localized in these area. The number of CCK mRNA-positive cells increased in chicks underwent imprinting training, and these cells expressed nuclear Fos immunoreactivity at high frequency in these regions. Most of these CCK-positive cells were glutamatergic and negative for parvalbumin immunoreactivity. Semi-quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the CCK mRNA levels were significantly increased in the trained chicks compared with untrained chicks. In contrast, the increase in CCK- and c-Fos-double-positive cells associated with the training was not observed after closure of the critical period. These results indicate that CCK cells in the dorsal pallium are activated acutely by visual training that can elicit imprinting. In addition, the CCK receptor antagonist significantly suppressed the acquisition of memory. These results suggest that the activation of CCK cells in the visual wulst as well as in the intermediate medial mesopallium by visual stimuli is indispensable for the acquisition of visual imprinting.     

重庆国家重点保护野生植物的分布与水热关系的初步研究

通过对重庆国家重点保护野生植物的分布与水热关系的研究,确定了这些植物种分布的水热幅度,并利用温暖指数(WI)、寒冷指数(CI)和湿润指数(HI)对这些植物种进行聚合分类,结果可将这些植物种分为5个水热分布类群：Ⅰ．高温湿润型,Ⅱ．高中温湿润型,Ⅲ．中温湿润型,Ⅳ．低中温湿润型和Ⅴ．低温湿润型。另外,研究还表明了重庆地区的水热条件较好,适合这些重点保护野生植物的生长发育,因此,水热条件的现状不是濒危植物种濒危的主要原因,而人为破坏是其濒危的相当重要的因素。     

Morphometric stepwise discriminant analysis of the five genetically determined European taxa of the genus Mus

Univariate and multivariate analyses have been performed on skull and mandible measurements for the five biochemically defined groups of the genus Mus in Europe. Four of these taxa occur in Bulgaria; other samples came from France and Israel. This extensive biometrical analysis has allowed us to establish diagnostic keys for these taxa.