通路克隆系统:DNA重组技术的新进展

近几年新发展了一种载体间DNA片段相互灵活转化的多功能系统 ,即通路克隆系统(gatewaycloningsystem)。它是一种位点特异的DNA重组技术 ,包括PCR产物的定向克隆 ,DNA片断高效、广泛的亚克隆 ,氨基或羧基末端的融合蛋白表达等。重点阐述了该系统的作用原理、特点及其应用。     

λ噬菌体和Cosmid重组DNA克隆的快速限制性内切酶图谱分析方法

cosmld克隆的线性化用λcos末端酶来完成,线性的cosmid或λDNA经部份限制性内切酶酶解后,分别与已标记的cos顺序探针杂交(探针为分别与λ的左端或右端的cos顺序互补的12核苷酸单链片段),杂交后的部份酶解片段经电泳分离和自显影后,酶切点位置可直接在X-底片上读出。在本实验室条件下,可一次完成二个克隆包括5—6种限制性内切酶的图谱分析,分析和作图可通过计算机或手工进行。     

DNA重组技术的研究综述

DNA重组技术,即DNA克隆技术的研究和运用是现代生物学发展的一个重要分支,是分子生物学发展的突出领域。本文介绍了DNA重组的类型及相关的生物学概念;综述了目前已报道的传统的酶切-连接经典克隆方法、位点特异性重组克隆方法、以及同源重组克隆方法,重点阐述了各自的原理、步骤、特点及实际应用等方面;最后归纳总结了各种方法的优缺点和应用范围,并对该技术的科研成果进行了回顾和对未来的研究进行了展望。     

一种新的DNA重组系统

通路克隆系统(Gateway Cloning System)是一种位点特异的DNA重组新技术,具有载体问DNA片段相互转化灵活、操作简单、重组反应高效快捷等优点。本文介绍了该系统的原理、结构及特点。     

重组DNA技术是怎样产生的

从历史的角度回顾了重组DNA技术的产生过程;侧重介绍限制性内切酶、DNA连接酶、运载工具的发现,以及科学家运用这些发现进行重组DNA实验的过程,并以此阐述生物学发展与生物技术进步的相互关系。     

DNA克隆和组装技术研究进展

DNA克隆和组装技术是重要的分子生物学工具。近年来,随着合成生物学的飞速发展,对大片段DNA元件的快速有效组装就显得尤为关键。同时,各种DNA克隆和组装技术也竞相发展起来。通过对基于非典型酶切连接、PCR、同源重组、单链退火拼接等原理发展起来的各种DNA克隆和组装技术进行综述,为合成生物学的进一步发展提供有效的操作工具。     

用无细胞克隆系统进行特异DNA扩增的技术—PCR

作为分子生物学基石之一的分子克隆技术,是一系列技术的总称,包括目的基因的提纯,选择有自主复制能力的载体DNA,选用不同的限制性内切酶,构建新的重组DNA,导入受体细胞,重组DNA的转化,转化后遗传物质和性状的转移及重新组合,重组DNA的纯化扩增等。该系列技术的操作相当复杂繁琐且耗时长。如何从极微量的生物材料中简便快速地得到大量特定的基因,或是在众多复杂的生物基因DNA中,     

一种快速提取质粒DNA用于鉴别重组克隆的方法

介绍了一种利用过夜培养的菌液瞬时提取质粒DNA,并用于电泳鉴别含有插入子克隆的方法。事先无需准备许多繁琐的相关试剂,提取质粒的全过程只需3~5min就可完成,非常适合于做重组克隆的快速鉴别。     

克隆DNA的定向诱变

克隆ＤＮＡ的定向诱变史桂荣（黑龙江省农科院原子能利用研究所,哈尔滨）基因诱变技术是遗传学研究中最重要的手段之一。随着分子遗传学的发展,人们开始按照自己的意愿有目的地在离体条件下创造基因突变,然后把它置入生物体基因组中,观察分析这些突变的表型效应。这种...     

Induced DNA recombination by Cre recombinase protein transduction

Cre is a DNA recombinase that recognizes 34 base-pair loxP sites of recombination. We have developed a cell-permeable Cre recombinase, TATCre, that is capable of mediating deletion of loxP-flanked targets by simply adding TATCre to cell cultures. Thus, TATCre allows efficient induced DNA recombination without the use of a Cre recombinase transgene or any other genetic material and should prove useful for the genetic manipulation of a wide variety of cell types that have been engineered to possess loxP sites.     

Protein-induced local DNA bends regulate global topology of recombination products

The tyrosine family of recombinases produces two smaller DNA circles when acting on circular DNA harboring two recombination sites in head-to-tail orientation. If the substrate is supercoiled, these circles can be unlinked or form multiply linked catenanes. The topological complexity of the products varies strongly even for similar recombination systems. This dependence has been solved here. Our computer simulation of the synapsis showed that the bend angles, phi, created in isolated recombination sites by protein binding before assembly of the full complex, determine the product topology. To verify the validity of this theoretical finding we measured the values of phi for Cre/loxP and Flp/FRT systems. The measurement was based on cyclization of the protein-bound short DNA fragments in solution. Despite the striking similarity of the synapses for these recombinases, action of Cre on head-to-tail target sites produces mainly unlinked circles, while that of Flp yields multiply linked catenanes. In full agreement with theoretical expectations we found that the values of phi for these systems are very different, close to 35 degrees and 80 degrees, respectively. Our findings have general implications in how small protein machines acting locally on large DNA molecules exploit statistical properties of their substrates to bring about directed global changes in topology.     

Evaluation of the efficiency and utility of recombinant enzyme-free seamless DNA cloning methods

Simple and low-cost recombinant enzyme-free seamless DNA cloning methods have recently become available. In vivo Escherichia coli cloning (iVEC) can directly transform a mixture of insert and vector DNA fragments into E. coli, which are ligated by endogenous homologous recombination activity in the cells. Seamless ligation cloning extract (SLiCE) cloning uses the endogenous recombination activity of E. coli cellular extracts in vitro to ligate insert and vector DNA fragments. An evaluation of the efficiency and utility of these methods is important in deciding the adoption of a seamless cloning method as a useful tool. In this study, both seamless cloning methods incorporated inserting DNA fragments into linearized DNA vectors through short (15–39 bp) end homology regions. However, colony formation was 30–60-fold higher with SLiCE cloning in end homology regions between 15 and 29 bp than with the iVEC method using DH5α competent cells. E. coli AQ3625 strains, which harbor a sbcA gene mutation that activates the RecE homologous recombination pathway, can be used to efficiently ligate insert and vector DNA fragments with short-end homology regions in vivo. Using AQ3625 competent cells in the iVEC method improved the rate of colony formation, but the efficiency and accuracy of SLiCE cloning were still higher. In addition, the efficiency of seamless cloning methods depends on the intrinsic competency of E. coli cells. The competency of chemically competent AQ3625 cells was lower than that of competent DH5α cells, in all cases of chemically competent cell preparations using the three different methods. Moreover, SLiCE cloning permits the use of both homemade and commercially available competent cells because it can use general E. coli recA^? strains such as DH5α as host cells for transformation. Therefore, between the two methods, SLiCE cloning provides both higher efficiency and better utility than the iVEC method for seamless DNA plasmid engineering.     

基因工程在β-内酰胺药物研制上的应用

本文综合国内外有关文献介绍了青酶素Ｇ酰化酶的改造,异青霉素Ｎ合成酶和头孢菌素Ｃ水解酶的克隆,以及细菌血红蛋白基因克隆进丝状真菌。比较了化学法和两步酶法转化ｃｐｃ（头孢菌素Ｃ）成７－ＡＣＡ的优缺点。还讨论了基因工程β－内酰胺抗生素研制的发展方向。     

Cre/lox位点特异性重组系统在高等真核生物中的研究进展

来自于P1噬菌体的Cre/lox系统通过位点特异性重组可以迅速而有效地实现各种生理环境下的基因定点插入、删除、替换和倒位等操作。Cre/lox系统作为目前基因打靶技术的核心工具,已被广泛应用于拟南芥、水稻、小鼠、果蝇、斑马鱼等高等真核模式生物。文章较为全面地介绍了Cre/lox系统的基本概况及其在高等真核生物中的应用,讨论了Cre/lox系统在研究中存在的主要问题和今后的发展方向,为利用该系统在不同高等生物中进行基因操作提供有用的参考。     

Cre/lox位点特异性重组系统在高等真核生物中的研究进展

来自于P1噬菌体的Cre/lox系统通过位点特异性重组可以迅速而有效地实现各种生理环境下的基因定点插入、删除、替换和倒位等操作。Cre/lox系统作为目前基因打靶技术的核心工具, 已被广泛应用于拟南芥、水稻、小鼠、果蝇、斑马鱼等高等真核模式生物。文章较为全面地介绍了Cre/lox系统的基本概况及其在高等真核生物中的应用, 讨论了Cre/lox系统在研究中存在的主要问题和今后的发展方向, 为利用该系统在不同高等生物中进行基因操作提供有用的参考。     

A simple and ultra-low cost homemade seamless ligation cloning extract (SLiCE) as an alternative to a commercially available seamless DNA cloning kit

The seamless ligation cloning extract (SLiCE) method is a novel seamless DNA cloning tool that utilizes homologous recombination activities in Escherichia coli cell lysates to assemble DNA fragments into a vector. Several laboratory E. coli strains can be used as a source for the SLiCE extract; therefore, the SLiCE-method is highly cost-effective.The SLiCE has sufficient cloning ability to support conventional DNA cloning, and can simultaneously incorporate two unpurified DNA fragments into vector. Recently, many seamless DNA cloning kits have become commercially available; these are generally very convenient, but expensive. In this study, we evaluated the cloning efficiencies between a simple and highly cost-effective SLiCE-method and a commercial kit under various molar ratios of insert DNA fragments to vector DNA. This assessment identified that the SLiCE from a laboratory E. coli strain yielded 30?85% of the colony formation rate of a commercially available seamless DNA cloning kit. The cloning efficiencies of both methods were highly effective, exhibiting over 80% success rate under all conditions examined. These results suggest that SLiCE from a laboratory E. coli strain can efficiently function as an effective alternative to commercially available seamless DNA cloning kits.     

大肠杆菌重组工程

源于噬菌体的大肠杆菌同源重组系统不需要限制性内切酶和DNA连接酶就可以进行DNA克隆和亚克隆,还能快速地改造质粒、细菌人工染色体及细菌基因组染色体,是基因工程技术的一大突破,被称为重组基因工程或重组工程。该技术操作简单,效率较高,可望为功能基因组学研究提供一个有力的工具。