WPBL式教学在《医学细胞生物学》教学中研究与探索

目的:探讨WPBL教学法在医学细胞生物学教学中的教学效果。方法:在医学细胞生物学教学中进行WPBL教学法和传统教学法(LBL)教学模式对比研究,通过考核评价教学效果,并通过调查问卷评价学生的学习态度和满意度。结果:WPBL教学组的考试成绩明显高于传统教学组(P0.05)。学生总体满意度为93.79%,显著高于传统教学组。结论:WPBL教学法能明显提高医学细胞生物学教学效果,促进教学质量的提高,值得进一步研究推广。     

WPBL式教学在《医学细胞生物学》教学中研究与探索

目的：探讨WPBL教学法在医学细胞生物学教学中的教学效果。方法：在医学细胞生物学教学中进行WPBL教学法和传统教学法（LBL）教学模式对比研究,通过考核评价教学效果,并通过调查问卷评价学生的学习态度和满意度。结果：WPBL教学组的考试成绩明显高于传统教学组（P〈0.05）。学生总体满意度为93.79%,显著高于传统教学组。结论：WPBL教学法能明显提高医学细胞生物学教学效果,促进教学质量的提高,值得进一步研究推广。     

以问题为中心的学习方法在高职社区问诊技能教学中的应用

目的:探讨以问题为中心的教学方法(problem-based learning,PBL)在高职社区问诊教学中的效果,寻求更有效的现代医学教育方法。方法:在高职社区问诊技能学习中开展以问题为中心的教学方法(PBL),分析问诊中存在的问题,以提高知识应用与沟通能力。结果:通过对62名高职医学生进行问诊技能和见习报告评分显示,成绩优良比率为89%,满意度调查显示83.87%的高职医学生对PBL教学方法满意。PBL教学可以让高职医学生灵活的利用自已的时间,进行比较主动的学习,可以更好的发现高职医学生在问诊见习中存在的问题,有利于提高高职医学生的问诊技能及医患沟通能力,但实施中所需时间较长,占用课时多。结论:PBL教学对高职医学生的主动学习能力、问诊技能及医患沟通能力的提高有利,医学生对PBL教学方法满意度高。在医学教育中可以将PBL教学和传统教学方法结合起来,以在有效的时间里达到更好的教学效果。     

诌议人文教育在解剖学教学中的运用与体会

随着医学科技的迅猛发展和不断增长的社会卫生保健需求,医学教育将更加注重人文素质的提高.但目前医学生还存在着医学人文素质和科学精神欠缺、心理承受能力差等问题,与社会的需求有一定距离,为此如何在医学教育尤其是解剖学教育中进行人文素质教育就显得尤为重要.本文针对人文教育在人体解剖学教学的现状与特点进行实践,探讨了在解剖学教学中加强人文教育的意义.     

互联网+时代医学微生物学课程跨校学习的成效及影响因素

大连医科大学作为建课方,利用超星平台录制了医学微生物学课程,大连大学作为使用方与大连医科大学合作跨校学习。迄今共有5届医学检验专业的345名学生注册使用。为了总结影响教学效果的因素并根据不足做好整改,本文向2016—2018级的227名学生发放相应问卷,共收回226份有效问卷,回收率为99.6%。跨校学习总体满意程度为79.7%,学生也对课程提出了更高的要求和意见,如及时沟通、加强互动等。通过调查,本文总结了经验,发现了不足,并在后续的教学过程中,持续地改进,同学们的满意度也升高了28.9%。基于互联网+的跨校学习模式,实现了两校间优质教学资源和师资的共享,有利于学生自主学习,这可能是今后高等院校课程教育的发展方向。     

市属院校医学教育环境测量与分析的思考

本研究选择沈阳医学院预防医学、临床医学、护理医学本科专业在校生作为调研对象,通过世界性教育环境测量工具DREEM表对我校医学教育环境进行测量,并与国内外医学院校相比较,通过分析找出制约医学教育发展的影响因素,为更好的改善医学教育环境提供参考依据和有效措施。     

医学物理教学中案例教学法的运用

目的:分析案例教学在医学物理教学中的应用效果。方法:以我校2014级临床医疗专科212名学生作为研究对象,根据教学模式不同分为对照组与观察组,每组106名。对照组进行传统模式教学,观察组进行案例教学法教学,在课程结束后对教学效果进行比较。结果:观察组考试成绩为(89.2±3.2)分,明显高于对照组的(73.2±4.2)分,(p0.05);观察组对教学满意度为97.2%,明显高于对照组的75.5%,差异显著(p0.05)。结论:案例教学法能够提高教学质量,培养学生独立思考和解决问题的能力,增强学生学习的主动性,提高教学满意度及教师综合素质等,值得在医学物理教学中广泛的应用和推广。     

医院继续医学教育管理存在问题及实践探讨

继续医学教育是以提高医务人员整体素质为目的,以促进医务人员专业技术水平为手段。天津医科大学第二医院通过改进继续医学教育模式和完善管理制度,将继续医学教育工作纳入医院人才培养、学科梯队建设和医院目标管理中,使医务人员能不断学习国内外新的技术及理论知识,快速了解医学科学的前沿动态,不断提高业务水平和临床应变能力,为提高医院的整体医疗水平奠定了基础。     

全国第八次医学遗传学学术会议即将在哈尔滨召开

全国第八次医学遗传学学术会议（中华医学会2009年医学遗传学年会）定于2009年7月11日至12日在黑龙江省哈尔滨市召开。本次研讨会经中华医学会批准,列入2009年学术活动计划（医会学术[2009]-Y11-01-63）和国家级继续医学教育项目（项目编号：2009-01-03—008;学分：10）。此次会议由中华医学会医学遗传学分会、中国遗传学会人类和医学遗传学委员会主办,中国遗传学会教育教学委员会及黑龙江省遗传学会协办,哈尔滨医科大学承办。     

医院医学教学评价及模式研究

建立健全高素质高水平临床医疗队伍是提高医疗卫生服务水平、改善医疗质量的关键。医院医学教学是医学理论与临床实践的充分结合,是培养高质量医学人才的重要环节。当前医院医学教学正面临着国际化发展趋势的巨大挑战,加快医学教育模式改革进程,从医学认知教育培养理念、教学模式和教学质量标准等方面进行全面改革,进一步接近国际化标准,以培养具备国际竞争能力的高素质、高层次医学人才是当前医院医学教学的重大目标。本文就当前医院医学教育利弊进行了评价,并提出了完善医学教学模式的设想,以期为医院医学教学提供参考。     

The Medical Library Service of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia

A unique provincial medical library service has been established in British Columbia. Under the direction of professional librarians, the central library in Vancouver is building an extensive, largely clinical collection while 30 smaller branch libraries in hospitals throughout the province are establishing basic, up-to-date collections. Financial support comes from an annual fee of $25.00 per doctor paid to the College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia. Photoduplication, mail and telephone services meet many reference needs. Reading is vital to continuing medical education. The library works closely with the University of British Columbia''s Department of Continuing Medical Education to bring current medical knowledge to every doctor in British Columbia.     

New Mexico's First Case of Plague

In 1981 a decision was made by the University of New Mexico School of Medicine to create a new Office of Community Professional Education whose primary function was to create continuing medical education programs tailored to its constituency. To accomplish this, a needs assessment survey was distributed to a stratified random sample of members of the New Mexico Medical Society practicing throughout the state to determine preferred learning styles, locations of programs and times of year, as well as other determinants for attending such programs. The survey was received by 647 physicians and 469 returned them—a response rate of 72.4 percent.Conclusions reached as a result of the needs assessment will serve as a basis of policy formation for the delivery of continuing medical education at the University of New Mexico School of Medicine.     

综合医院单病种过程质量及其影响因素分析

目的 分析上海市浦东新区区属公立综合医院6个单病种的医疗规范性、治疗有效性、住院天数与医疗费用以及有关影响因素。 方法 按照国家卫生计生委单病种控制和临床路径要求,对浦东新区7所区属公立综合医院的肺炎、急性心梗死、心力衰竭、2型糖尿病、急性单纯性阑尾炎、计划性剖宫产等6个病种进行病案评价。 结果 (1)6个单病种的医疗规范率总体为40.94%,治疗有效率（治愈或好转率）总体为96.84%。（2）平均住院日为2型糖尿病最长,急性阑尾炎最短;医疗费用最高为急性心梗,最低为急性阑尾炎;此外,遵循单病种质量控制或临床路径要求可降低部分疾病的住院天数及住院费用。 结论 浦东新区卫生行政部门和医院应进一步加强病种质量控制管理,提高医疗质量。     

European Federation of Organisations for Medical Physics (EFOMP) Policy Statement 12.1: Recommendations on Medical Physics Education and Training in Europe 2014

In 2010, EFOMP issued Policy Statement No. 12: “The present status of Medical Physics Education and Training in Europe. New perspectives and EFOMP recommendations” to be applied to education and training in Medical Physics within the context of the developments in the European Higher Education Area arising from the Bologna Declaration and with a view to facilitate the free movement of Medical Physics professionals within Europe. Concurrently, new recommendations regarding qualifications frameworks were published by the European Parliament and Council which introduced new terminology and a new qualifications framework – the European Qualifications Framework (EQF) for lifelong learning. In addition, a new European directive involving the medical use of ionizing radiations and set to replace previous directives in this area was in the process of development. This has now been realized as Council Directive 2013/59/Euratom of 5 December 2013 which has repealed directive 97/43/Euratom. In this regard, a new document was developed in the context of the EC financed project "European Guidelines on the Medical Physics Expert" and published as RP174. Among other items, these guidelines refer to the mission statement, key activities, qualification framework and curricula for the specialty areas of Medical Physics relating to radiological devices and protection from ionizing radiation. These developments have made necessary an update of PS12; this policy statement provides the necessary update.     

综合医院社区获得性肺炎住院诊疗的过程质量分析

目的 分析上海市浦东新区区属公立综合医院社区获得性肺炎（CAP）住院诊疗的过程质量。 方法 根据国家卫生和计划生育委员会对社区获得性肺炎（CAP）质量控制的要求,对浦东新区7所区属公立综合医院随机抽取的151份CAP病案进行评价。 结果 浦东新区区属公立综合性医院社区获得性肺炎（CAP）住院诊疗基本符合我国卫生和计生委对社区获得性肺炎（CAP）质量控制的要求;但在检查规范性和抗菌药物合理使用方面,三级医院、北区二级医院和南区二级医院表现不一。 结论 浦东新区卫生行政部门和医院应进一步加强社区获得性肺炎（CAP）质量控制,改进检查和抗菌药物使用。     

The European Federation of Organisations for Medical Physics. Policy Statement No. 12: The present status of Medical Physics Education and Training in Europe. New perspectives and EFOMP recommendations

A recently published EFOMP's survey on the status of Education and Training in Europe, has showed the important role played by the NMOs in the organisation of the Medical Physics education and training in most countries and their efforts to fulfil EFOMP recommendations. However, despite of this, there is still a wide variety of approaches within Europe, not only in the education and training programmes but also in professional practice.There is right now some European issues that can affect not only education and training but also the future of Medical Physics as a profession: 1. the harmonisation of the architecture of the European Higher Education System, arising from the “Bologna Declaration”, for 2010, 2. the recently issued European directive: “Directive 2005/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 September 2005 on the recognition of professional qualifications”.EFOMP is now challenged to make recommendations for education and training in Medical Physics, within the context of the current developments in the European Higher Education Area arising from “The Bologna Declaration”, and with a view to facilitate the free movement of professionals within Europe, according to the new Directive.     

Physician management of hypercholesterolemia. A randomized trial of continuing medical education.

To determine the effect of continuing medical education (CME) on compliance with the recommendations of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on high serum cholesterol levels in adults, we randomly assigned primary physicians in 174 practices to 3 groups, 2 that underwent either standard or intensive CME and a control group. The standard CME group was offered a free 3-hour seminar on high serum cholesterol levels; the intensive CME group was offered in addition follow-up seminars and free office materials. After 18 months, we audited 13,099 medical records from the 140 practices that remained in the study. There were no significant differences (P > .15) in screening for high serum cholesterol or compliance with guidelines between the groups receiving continuing medical education (51% screening; 33% compliance) and the control group (57% screening; 37% compliance). In the prespecified subgroup of patients with hypercholesterolemia, there was a trend toward a modest benefit from the continuing medical education interventions: compliance was 21% in the control group, 23% in the standard CME group, and 27% in the intensive CME group (P = .07 overall). These results emphasize the need for better ways to change behavior in practicing physicians and the importance of studying the implementation of preventive health recommendations.     

Translating guidelines into practice: a systematic review of theoretic concepts,practical experience and research evidence in the adoption of clinical practice guidelines

OBJECTIVE: To recommend effective strategies for implementing clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). DATA SOURCES: The Research and Development Resource Base in Continuing Medical Education, maintained by the University of Toronto, was searched, as was MEDLINE from January 1990 to June 1996, inclusive, with the use of the MeSH heading "practice guidelines" and relevant text words. STUDY SELECTION: Studies of CPG implementation strategies and reviews of such studies were selected. Randomized controlled trials and trials that objectively measured physicians'' performance or health care outcomes were emphasized. DATA EXTRACTION: Articles were reviewed to determine the effect of various factors on the adoption of guidelines. DATA SYNTHESIS: The articles showed that CPG dissemination or implementation processes have mixed results. Variables that affect the adoption of guidelines include qualities of the guidelines, characteristics of the health care professional, characteristics of the practice setting, incentives, regulation and patient factors. Specific strategies fell into 2 categories: primary strategies involving mailing or publication of the actual guidelines and secondary interventional strategies to reinforce the guidelines. The interventions were shown to be weak (didactic, traditional continuing medical education and mailings), moderately effective (audit and feedback, especially concurrent, targeted to specific providers and delivered by peers or opinion leaders) and relatively strong (reminder systems, academic detailing and multiple interventions). CONCLUSIONS: The evidence shows serious deficiencies in the adoption of CPGs in practice. Future implementation strategies must overcome this failure through an understanding of the forces and variables influencing practice and through the use of methods that are practice- and community-based rather than didactic.     

Evaluating the effectiveness of 2 educational interventions in family practice

BACKGROUND: Structured feedback of information can produce change in physician behaviour. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of 2 educational interventions for improving the quality of care provided by family physicians in Ontario: the Practice Assessment Report (PAR) and the Continuing Medical Education Plan (CMEP) with a follow-up visit by a mentor. METHODS: The study was a randomized controlled trial. Physicians in the control group received only the PAR, whereas those in the experimental group received the PAR, CMEP and mentor interventions. The participants were 56 family physicians and general practitioners (27 in the PAR group and 29 in the CMEP group) in southern Ontario who agreed to participate in the interventions and provide data. A total of 2395 patients randomly sampled from the practices returned questionnaires and consented to have their medical records abstracted. The outcome measures were global scores in 4 areas--quality of care, charting, prevention and overall use of medications--and patient ratings of satisfaction with care and preventive practices. The measures were applied at the beginning (phase 1) and end (phase 2) of the study. RESULTS: The mean global scores at the end of the study for the PAR group were 70.1% for quality of care, 84.7% for prevention, 77.7% for charting and 82.2% for overall use of medications. The corresponding scores for the CMEP group were 68.3%, 82.1%, 76.4% and 83.2%. In the patient satisfaction component, the personal care scores at phase 2 were 93.6% for the PAR group and 94.6% for the CMEP group. Examples of the scores for prevention for the PAR group were 98.3% for children''s current immunization, 96.6% for blood pressure measured within the previous 5 years, 79.4% for referral of women of the appropriate age for mammography within the previous 2 years, and 58.4% for discussion about alcohol use. The corresponding scores for the CMEP group were 95.8%, 97.6%, 77.6% and 64.6%. The changes in mean scores between phase 1 and phase 2 ranged from -1.9 to 2.3 points. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in phase 1 or phase 2 scores or in change in scores. A total of 64.3% of the physicians rated the PAR as useful, 26.5% found the CMEP to be useful, and 41.0% considered the mentor strategy to be a useful form of continuing medical education. Although changes in practice related to the PAR, CMEP or mentor were reported by some physicians, they were not related to chart audit or patient scores. INTERPRETATION: Educational interventions based on quality-of-care assessments and directed to global improvements in quality of care did not result in improvements in the outcome measures. Educational interventions may have to be targeted to specific areas of the practice, with physicians being monitored and receiving ongoing feedback on their performance.