肺放线菌病1例报告并文献复习

目的：分析肺放线菌病的临床表现、诊断及治疗,提高对肺放线菌病的认识。方法：回顾性分析我科收治的1例肺放线菌病患者的临床资料,并对相关文献进行复习。结果：本例患者,43岁,男性,以咳嗽、咳血性痰为主要临床表现,胸部CT提示右肺上叶结节,经皮肺穿刺活检结果确诊肺放线菌病,青霉素治疗效果好。结论：肺放线菌病是放线菌感染引起的一种少见的呼吸系统疾病,起病隐匿,呈渐进性过程,临床表现及影像学检查均无特异性,放线菌可在肺部引起化脓性肺炎,并经叶间隙、胸膜侵犯胸壁、肋骨,形成窦道及破坏骨质。确诊有赖于病理学或微生物学证据,主要可采用青霉素抗感染治疗,在疑似肿瘤的情况下,需通过外科手术治疗,既可以明确诊断也避免病变进一步引起肺、胸壁等组织的不可逆性破坏。     

扁桃体放线菌病10例临床分析

目的分析扁桃体放线菌病的临床特点,提高诊疗水平。方法回顾性分析10例扁桃体放线菌病的临床资料。结果咽痛8例,发热4例,咽部不适、瘙痒2例。双扁桃体充血肿大10例,咽部充血4例,扁桃体与附近组织黏连4例,咽隐窝白色分泌物2例、脓性分泌物2例。10例均误诊为慢性扁桃体炎,抗感染治疗症状有改善,但病情反复,均经扁桃体摘除术并行病理活检而确诊。结论早期临床表现无特异性,误诊率高,临床对抗感染治疗效果欠佳、反复病情者,应注意本病,病理活检是主要的确诊方法,手术治疗后配合青霉素治疗效果好。     

18例肺曲霉病临床分析

目的提高对肺曲霉病的认识。方法对诊断为肺曲霉病的18例病例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果83%的肺曲霉病患者伴有基础疾病;有临床症状者占89%;胸部影像表现为：以右肺为主,多见于上叶,且多分布于外周;大叶性肺炎型占17%,肺曲霉球型占50%,结节或肿块型占33%,支气管肺炎型占6%,双肺弥漫病变型占22%,且有22%合并胸腔积液;组织病理学发现呈约45°分支和有隔膜的曲霉菌丝;50%患者行肺叶切除术,术后应用抗真菌药物,50%患者仅接受抗真菌药物治疗;89%的患者治愈或好转,11%死亡。结论肺曲霉病患者多有基础疾病;部分类型有典型影像学改变;诊断需结合既往病史、临床表现和胸部影像表现及相关实验室检查,确诊有赖于组织病理学检查;治疗主要是药物,部分可手术。     

发热原因待查208例临床分析

目的:分析总结208例发热原因待查(fever of unknown origin,FUO)患者的临床特点,指导临床FOU诊断。方法:回顾性分析208例FUO患者的临床表现、相关辅助检查、诊断经过、诊断性治疗等情况。结果:208例FUO患者最后确诊182例,确诊率为87.5%。182例确诊病例中感染性发热98例(53.8%),其中普通细菌感染51例(52.0%),结核感染36例(36.7%);非感染性发热84例(46.2%),其中风湿病57例(67.9%),恶性肿瘤17例(20.2%)。结论:感染性发热仍是临床上发热最常见的原因。结核感染、结缔组织病及造血系统恶性肿瘤所致的发热是FUO常见的原因:一些疑似的结核病可积极进行诊断性治疗,并积极病理组织活检以明确诊断。发热原因待查患者中结缔组织病的比例较前有明显提升,结缔组织病合并感染也可引起高热,需引起足够重视,以免误诊。     

52例肺腺癌的临床表现及影像学分析

目的:探讨肺腺癌的临床表现及影像学特点。方法:回顾性分析52例肺腺癌的临床表现及影像学资料,从该病的临床表现、影像学特点进行归纳及总结性研究。结果:52例肺腺癌患者主要症状为咳嗽、咯血、胸闷和其他转移病灶表现,转移多见于脑、肝、骨骼、肾上腺等,发生淋巴结转移患者的5年生存率明显下降;47例患者行普通X线胸片检查,6例未见明显异常病灶,13例为中心型肺癌,25例为周围型肺癌,3例为细支气管-肺泡癌;52例患者均行CT扫描检查,各叶均可发生,病灶呈圆形、椭圆形、分叶状,病灶大多边缘有切迹、细小毛刺或棘状突起者。结论:结合临床表现,CT能够较准确的对肺癌做出诊断,组织病理学检查可确诊为肺腺癌     

31例非获得性免疫缺陷综合征肺隐球菌病临床分析

目的通过研究非获得性免疫缺陷综合征肺隐球菌病的临床特点,提高医务人员对肺隐球菌病的认识,做到早期诊断和治疗。方法回顾性分析2001年1月至2011年12月在南京医科大学附属杭州市第一人民医院确诊的31例非获得性免疫缺陷综合征肺隐球菌病患者的性别、年龄分布、职业情况、伴随的基础疾病、临床症状、实验室检查、影像学特征、治疗方案及预后等各方面特点。结果肺隐球菌病发病年龄有年轻化趋势,临床特点及影像学表现缺乏特异性,极易误诊及漏诊。治疗方法及药物少,病程长。结论肺隐球菌病虽然临床表现缺乏特异性,但从病例分析结果来看诊治该病仍有一定规律可循,亟需提高对本病的认识,遇到疑似病例应行血乳胶凝集试验及肺活检或手术病理予以明确,药物治疗需要足够疗程。     

耐青霉素肺炎链球菌下呼吸道感染的临床和药敏分析

目的：探讨耐青霉素肺炎链球菌下呼吸道感染的诊断和治疗。方法：分析患者的临床表现和痰培养药敏。结果：临床表现与青霉素敏感的肺炎链球菌感染相同,药敏提示有相当部分的菌株对1种或多种抗生素耐药,敏感抗生素依次为;万古霉素,氧氟沙星,头孢氨噻污。结论：无论临床还是实验室都应将肺炎链球菌的青霉素耐药株和敏感株严格区分;选用敏感抗生素治疗。     

放线菌与诺卡菌所致感染性皮肤肉芽肿的鉴别诊断及治疗

感染性肉芽肿是一类慢性增生性炎症。放线菌和诺卡菌所致感染性肉芽肿实属少见,但两者临床症状、体征相似,易误诊或漏诊。本文报道1例放线菌与1例诺卡菌所致皮肤感染性肉芽肿,通过皮肤组织病理学检查、细菌培养、生化鉴定及细菌分子生物学检测,最终明确诊断。进一步分析2种感染的病因学、流行病学、临床表现、诊断和鉴别诊断及治疗,并结合最新研究进展,可帮助临床医师更好地认识放线菌属细菌所致感染性皮肤肉芽肿,以便于及时诊断、及时治疗。这2种感染有很多相似之处,也有各自特点,需临床医师求同存异,仔细鉴别;还需与其他感染性肉芽肿如皮肤结核、孢子丝菌病或着色芽生菌病等鉴别诊断。     

特殊皮肤表现的奴卡菌病1例及文献回顾

目的探讨皮肤奴卡菌病的临床特征、诊断和治疗。方法临床诊断1例特殊皮肤表现的奴卡菌病,进行文献回顾。结果 22例患者中,健康者14例,8例有基础疾病者都有使用糖皮质激素或使用免疫抑制剂者。常见临床表现:脓肿、溃疡、包块、肿块可伴有发热、乏力等全身症状。感染途径:外伤3例,来源于肺部3例,医源性注射2例,感染途径不明14例。22例患者均通过组织培养确诊,治疗主要为单用磺胺类药物或联合其他药物治疗或联合外科切开引流治疗。结论皮肤奴卡菌病可能更多见于免疫功能正常者,临床表现无特异性,多数找不到明确的感染途径,其中医源性注射也是其感染途径之一,病原菌培养为主要确诊手段,治疗以磺胺类药物为主或联合手术切开引流。     

先天性皮肤念珠菌病

先天性皮肤念珠菌病是新生儿于子宫内获得的较为少见的感染性疾病.临床表现主要为皮肤受累,可以伴发或仅有甲改变,其病程良性,部分患者可以自愈.伴有系统感染时需系统给予抗真菌药物治疗,病情严重也可引起患儿死亡.现对该病的易感因素、发病机制、临床表现、诊断及治疗等做一简要综述.     

Pulmonary Actinomycosis Simulating Bronchogenic Carcinoma

During a 2½-year period, in a 360-bed general hospital, three cases of pulmonary actinomycosis were encountered in men aged 38, 47 and 49 years. In each instance the symptoms, signs and radiological and laboratory findings were such as to warrant a presumptive clinical diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma. Thoracotomy was performed in each case. This experience suggests that a definitive clinical diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma should not be made without histological evidence. Furthermore, such individuals should have the benefit of exploratory thoracotomy on the off-chance that the pulmonary lesion may be benign and amenable to treatment. Above all it should be remembered that pulmonary actinomycosis can simulate bronchogenic carcinoma to a marked degree.     

多发巨大肺大疱治疗成功1 例并文献复习

目的:总结成功治愈的一例多发巨大肺大泡患者的临床经验,并结合文献报道对肺大泡的治疗方法进行复习,以提高临床对肺大泡治疗方法的认识,为临床肺大泡的治疗提供新的思路与借鉴。方法:采用内科胸腔镜下肺减容术,即在胸腔镜下夹破充气的肺大泡,同时胸腔内注入自体血60 mL及凝血酶1000U一次,嘱患者翻身活动,促进胸膜表面混合均匀,连续行胸腔闭式引流。结果:患者治疗后,右肺复张良好,患者胸膜破口愈合,且康复出院。结论:应用内科胸腔镜下肺减容术,具有经济、疼痛小、自体血来源方便、患者更易接受的优点,疗效确切,值得临床推广。     

Therapeutic effectiveness of ristomycin in the visceral form of actinomycosis (experimental research)

Therapeutic efficacy of ristomycin in visceral actinomycosis, a severe disease difficult for diagnosis requiring long-term complex therapy was studied on 24 rabbits. The animals were divided into 4 groups. A model of thoracal actinomycosis was developed. 7 rabbits were treated with ristomycin. The other 7 rabbits were treated with ristomycin in combination with actinolysate, a specific immune preparation. 5 rabbits were treated with actinolysate alone and the other 5 rabbits received no treatment. alone and especially in combination with actinolysate was an efficient therapeutic agent for treatment of severe visceral actinomycosis. This allowed to recommend ristomycin for clinical trials in treatment of the disease.     

Primary pulmonary botryomycosis: case report

A case is presented of pulmonary botryomycosis in a 61-year-old man with a massive right-side pulmonary infiltrate which looked like a tumor (on X-ray). Microscopic examination of a transbronchial biopsy specimen revealed chronic suppurative inflammation, which did not regress despite intensive antibiotic therapy for a period of two months. Histological analysis of specimens taken during surgery for hemoptysis revealed pulmonary botryomycosis. The disease was diagnosed on the basis of characteristic eosinophilic granules in which the bacteria are surrounded by protein material (Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon). Pulmonary actinomycosis was excluded. The case demonstrates that pulmonary botryomycosis can have the appearance of a mass which resembles pulmonary carcinoma on X-ray, and may also be mistaken for pulmonary actinomycosis. For this reason, pulmonary botryomycosis, although rare, should be excluded during differential diagnosis of hemoptysis or pulmonary infiltrates.     

右侧输卵管同时合并左侧卵巢妊娠一例暨文献复习

目的:总结输卵管合并卵巢妊娠的诊治经验教训和治疗方法。方法:回顾性分析我院2010年11月9日入院右侧输卵管同时合并左侧卵巢妊娠患者临床资料,B超检查,急诊腹腔镜探查术并送病理组织检查。结果:行右侧输卵管切除术+左侧卵巢囊肿剥除术+粘连分解术后病检结果为:(右输卵管)腔内变性绒毛及滋养细胞,符合异位妊娠;(左卵巢囊肿)羊膜、绒毛及滋胚叶细胞,符合异位妊娠。术后3、6和8天患者血HCG浓度水平分别为19.61ng/ml、4.47ng/ml和1.84ng/ml,术后顺利恢复出院。结论:输卵管合并卵巢妊娠发生较为罕见,极易漏诊和误诊,及时行腹腔镜探查术是有效的诊治手段。     

Actinomycosis of the Brain: Case Report and Review of the Literature

The available world literature (since Friedman''s and Levy''s comprehensive report in 1937) regarding actinomycosis of the central nervous system is reviewed. Only cases proved by culture were included in this analysis. A total of 17 cases was collected and an additional patient with this entity is described.The important differences between actinomycosis and nocardiosis are discussed. A definite diagnosis of actinomycosis was possible only when anaerobic cultures of cerebrospinal fluid or material obtained from a brain abscess yielded colonies of typical Actinomyces organisms. The characteristic result of infection of the brain by this fungus was abscess formation, and this occurred in all except one of the cases reviewed. Penicillin appears to be the drug of choice in treatment and, where possible, surgical excision of the cerebral abscess should be undertaken.     

Pulmonary mucormycosis diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology. A case report

BACKGROUND: The usefulness of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of lung lesions is well documented. Fungal lesions are among nonneoplastic lesions of the lung in which FNAC has proven a useful technique in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. These include cryptococcosis, aspergillosis, histoplasmosis and coccidiodomycosis. Pulmonary mucormycosis, an aggressive fungal infection, is rarely diagnosed on FNAC. We report a case of isolated pulmonary mucormycosis diagnosed on FNAC. CASE: A 62-year-old renal transplant recipient with diabetes mellitus and hypertension, asymptomatic for four months, presented with tachypnea, generalized malaise and weakness. Radiologic studies showed an enlarging, cavitating lesion in the right lung. Computed tomography-guided fine needle aspiration performed on the lung lesion showed fungal profiles with broad, ribbonlike, aseptate hyphae with right-angled branching consistent with the Zygomycetes class of fungi, which includes Rhizopus and Mucor species. Fungal cultures confirmed the presence of Rhizopus. The patient underwent right pneumonectomy, was placed on liposomal amphotericin B therapy and discharged with good pulmonary status and stable kidney function. CONCLUSION: FNAC is a useful technique in the diagnosis of pulmonary mucormycosis.     

Pulmonary hypertension: the role of the electrocardiogram

A 54-year-old female was referred to our centre for further evaluation of recently established severe pulmonary hypertension. Six months prior to presentation to the cardiologist of the referring centre, the patient had first experienced exertional dyspnoea. At the time of presentation to the referring cardiologist, the patient’s ECG showed signs of an increased right heart load. Interestingly, this patient had undergone a thorough cardiac evaluation in the referring centre seven years before when she presented with severe hyperthyroidism. At that time there were no symptoms or signs of pulmonary hypertension on ECG, echocardiography, or at heart catheterisation. Thorough evaluation in cooperation with the referring centre demonstrated that this patient was suffering from idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, a rare form of pulmonary hypertension. We conclude this report with a discussion on the potential use of the ECG for the diagnosis of increased right heart load. (Neth Heart J 2008;16:250-4.)     

Caseous, necrotic material and epithelioid cell granulomas in synovial fluid from a patient with tuberculous infection: a case report

BACKGROUND: The gross appearance and cytologic findings in synovial fluid in tuberculous infections are similar to those in other types of chronic synovial effusion. Demonstration of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) is required for a definitive diagnosis of tuberculous effusion; it is reported in only 20% of cases. The presence of frank caseous necrotic material and epithelioid cell granulomas in synovial fluid samples is unusual but strongly indicative of tuberculous infection. CASE: A 28-year-old man, on treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis, presented with a history of right ankle swelling, which was clinically interpreted as nonspecific synovitis. The synovial fluid was yellowish, with fluffy, whitish material. Cytologic smears showed abundant, caseous, necrotic material; a few histiocytic aggregates; and occasional epithelioid cell granulomas. Although stain for AFB was negative, considering the clinical presentation, a diagnosis of tuberculous synovitis could be rendered. CONCLUSION: Caseous, necrotic material and epithelioid granulomas in synovial fluid are highly unusual but, when present, can be considered definitive evidence of tuberculous effusion, particularly in a known case of pulmonary tuberculosis.