孟鲁斯特钠对儿童OSAHS治疗效果的初步研究

目的：探讨孟鲁斯特钠对儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（obslructivesleepapneahypopneasyndrome,OSAHS）治疗疗效。方法：对经电子鼻咽喉镜检查腺样体Ⅲ、Ⅳ级经多导睡眠监测为OSAHS的儿童96例,分成两组：药物治疗组48例,使用孟鲁斯特钠,连续使用1个月以上;未用药物组48例。对其家长进行相关临床表现的问卷调查。结果：两组患儿在年龄、病程、伴有鼻部疾病情况以及临床问卷分值间均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。3个月后随访情况为,药物治疗组经治疗后在“响鼾”、“不安宁的睡眠或频繁醒觉”、“鼻阻塞而张口呼吸”以及“鼻腔很多鼻涕”4个症状的改善有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。未用药物组随访前、后问卷调查,差异均不具有显著性（P〉0．05）。结论：孟鲁斯特钠对儿童OSAHS治疗有一定疗效,可先行药物治疗。症状仍无明显改善的再考虑选择手术治疗。     

桑杏二陈汤与孟鲁司特钠治疗儿童感染后咳嗽的临床对照研究

目的:观察和比较桑杏二陈汤(SEG)与孟鲁司特钠治疗儿童感染后咳嗽(PIC)的临床有效性及安全性。方法:选择2015年3月~2017年5月就诊于西京医院儿科门诊的PIC152例患儿,将其分为观察组(76例)与对照组(76例)。观察组患儿口服SEG治疗1周,而对照组口服孟鲁斯特钠咀嚼片治疗1周。比较两组患者治疗前后的咳嗽症状积分和疗效。结果:治疗1周后,观察组(SEG组)患儿的咳嗽症状积分与治疗前相比明显下降(P0.05),而对照组患儿的咳嗽症状积分与治疗前比无明显变化(P0.05),观察组患儿咳嗽积分明显低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患儿的治愈率、显效率均高于对照组(P0.01)。两组均无不良反应发生。结论:SEG治疗儿童PIC的临床疗效明显优于孟鲁司特钠,且无不良反应发生。SEG治疗可缩短部分PIC患儿的病程。     

布拉酵母菌联合孟鲁斯特钠治疗变应性鼻炎的疗效观察

目的探讨布拉酵母菌联合孟鲁斯特钠治疗变应性鼻炎的临床疗效。方法将患儿随机分为治疗组与对照组,每组35例,两组患儿均用糠酸莫米松鼻喷剂早晨喷鼻1次,1喷/次。对照组用孟鲁司特钠咀嚼片2~5岁4 mg,6~12岁5 mg,12岁10 mg每晚睡前口服。治疗组在对照组基础上联合布拉酵母菌散剂1.0 g/次,2次/d,口服,4周1个疗程。结果两组患儿治疗后VAS评分均比治疗前降低,治疗组评分前后差异有统计学意义(P0.01),治疗后组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01),两组患儿随访6个月后与治疗结束时比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组与对照组患儿在总有效率和复发率的比较上差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论布拉酵母菌联合孟鲁斯特钠治疗变应性鼻炎的临床疗效明显。     

药物干预和手术切除治疗儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的疗效评估

目的:对比分析药物干预和手术切除治疗儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的临床疗效。方法:应用随机数字表法将2015年2月至2017年11月经本院确诊的100例OSAHS患儿分为药物组、手术组,每组50例。药物组采用孟鲁司特钠治疗6个月,手术组行腺样体和扁桃体切除术。6个月后比较两组患儿多导睡眠图监(PSG)的监测结果和生活质量情况,比较两组疗效评定情况,记录手术组无效及并发症的原因。结果:6个月后,药物组、手术组患儿呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、阻塞性呼吸暂停指数(OAI)、微觉醒指数(MAI)和睡眠呼吸紊乱指数(RDI)较治疗前降低,且手术组患儿AHI低于药物(P0.05)。手术组患儿6个月后睡眠障碍、对监护人的影响、身体症状评分较治疗前降低,且低于药物组(P0.05),而药物组治疗前后OSA-18评分各指标比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。手术组患儿总有效率为90.00%(45/50),高于药物组的50.00%(25/50),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。手术组患儿有出血现象的4例、伴舌后坠2例、上呼吸反复道感染6例和鼻炎5例,无效的5例患儿为伴有肥胖的重度OSAHS。结论:对于OSAHS患儿,药物干预和手术切除均可改善患儿PSG指标水平,但手术切除治疗可提高患儿生活质量和治疗有效率。     

Effect of inhaled glucocorticoid and leukotriene receptor on IL-6 expression in the lungs of asthmatic mice

目的 探讨白细胞介素6 (IL-6)在小鼠哮喘模型肺组织表达及吸入性糖皮质激素(ICS)、白三烯受体拮抗剂对其影响.方法 96只雄性Balb/c小鼠随机分为哮喘组、布地奈德组、孟鲁斯特组和对照组,每组24只.每组又分为第1周、第2周、第3周、第4周4个亚组,每亚组6只.免疫组化标记IL-6在肺组织的分布,Image-Pro Plus图像分析系统分析IL-6的灰度值.结果 成功制作哮喘小鼠模型.与对照组相比,哮喘组、布地奈德组、孟鲁斯特组IL-6表达在第1～4周时差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);孟鲁斯特组IL-6表达在第3周时较布地奈德组增多(P＜0.05);哮喘组、布地奈德组、孟鲁斯特组在不同时间点组内差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 IL-6参与哮喘气道炎症.布地奈德、孟鲁斯特可减少哮喘小鼠肺组织IL-6的表达,布地奈德作用优于孟鲁斯特.     

长期吸入布地奈德联合孟鲁司特钠治疗过敏性哮喘基因阳性患儿的临床观察

目的:观察长期吸入布地奈德联合孟鲁司特钠治疗过敏性哮喘基因阳性患儿的临床疗效。方法:将88例支气管哮喘患儿按简单随机法分为对照组(n=46)和研究组(n=42),两组均予以常规治疗,对照组在常规治疗基础上长期吸入布地奈德治疗,研究组在对照组基础上联合孟鲁斯特钠治疗,比较两组临床疗效、症状及体征消失时间,治疗前后嗜酸粒细胞阳离子蛋白(ECP)、嗜酸粒细胞(EOS)计数、免疫球蛋白(Ig E)、白介素-4(IL-4)和肺功能的变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,研究组总有效率显著高于对照组(97.62%vs. 84.78%,P0.05),气促、哮鸣音、肺部啰音、咳嗽消失时间均明显短于对照组(P0.05)。治疗前,两组ECP、EOS、Ig E、IL-4水平、峰值呼气流速(PEF)、第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组ECP、EOS、Ig E及IL-4水平较治疗前下降(P0.05),研究组以上指标低于对照组(P0.05),两组治疗后PFE及FEV1较治疗前心脏上升,且研究组以上指标明显高于对照组(P0.05)。两组总不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:长期吸入布地奈德联合孟鲁斯特纳可提高过敏性哮喘基因阳性患儿的疗效,显著减轻患儿症状,控制气道炎症反应,改善肺功能。     

儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征与肥胖的相关性研究

目的:探讨儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停/低通气综合征(OSAHS)与肥胖的相关性。方法:收集单纯性肥胖儿童120例和体重正常儿童110例作为研究对象,进行统一的体格检查和专科检查,并进行多导睡眠监测记录阻塞性呼吸暂停指数(OAI)、呼吸暂停/低通气指数(AHI)、中枢性呼吸暂停指数(CAI)、最低血氧饱和度(LSa O2)和睡眠效率。结果:肥胖组OSAHS患病率为58.33%显著高于对照组的31.82%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);OAI、AHI、CAI均显著高于对照组,而LSa O2、睡眠效率指标显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);多因素回归分析显示,肥胖、扁桃体增生、腺样体增生是导致OSAHS的独立危险因素,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:肥胖是儿童OSAHS发病的重要影响因素,特别是合并扁桃体肿大或腺样体肿大的患儿应注意预防OSAHS的发生。     

阿奇霉素联合孟鲁司特钠治疗儿童肺炎支原体肺炎的临床研究

目的:探讨阿奇霉素联合孟鲁司特钠治疗儿童肺炎支原体肺炎(MMP)的疗效。方法:选取2013年3月至2014年3月收治的100例MMP患儿,将其随机分为对照组和实验组各50例,对照组采用静脉滴注阿奇霉素治疗,实验组在对照组基础上口服孟鲁司特钠片。比较两组患儿的治疗效果、哮喘发生率及不良反应。结果:实验组患儿治疗后退热时间、止咳时间、住院时间分别为(1.69±0.99)d、(3.39±1.48)d、(6.15±2.02)d,明显低于对照组的(3.95±2.45)d、(5.92±3.32)d、(8.86±1.78)d,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);实验组患儿儿童支原体肺炎诱发哮喘的发病率为10%(5/50),显著低于对照组的48%(24/50),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组在治疗过程中均未见明显不良反应。结论:阿奇霉素联合孟鲁司特钠治疗儿童MMP能明显提高患者的治疗效果,且能有效降低儿童支原体肺炎诱发哮喘的发病率,值得临床推广。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与高血压临床关系分析

目的:研究阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与高血压的临床关系及相关机制。方法:将258例鼾症患者分为三组:单纯鼾症对照组(N组)、单纯OSAHS组(O组)、OSAHS合并高血压组(O+H组)。对三组患者进行临床基础资料收集,ESS问卷调查及EP评分,多导睡眠监测及血压测定。结果:三组鼾症患者之间年龄、性别、吸烟、饮酒差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),OSAHS组及OSAHS+HT组体重指数及颈围明显高于单纯鼾症组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与单纯鼾症组比较,OSAHS组及OSAHS+HT组的EP评分、AHI、LaSO2(%)、MSaO2、Ts90%差异明显有统计学意义(P<0.05);与对照组相比OSAHS组及OSAHS+HT组睡眠前后收缩压和舒张压升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征与高血压关系密切,慢性间歇缺氧是引起高血压的核心机制。     

血清IL-6、CRP在阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征并发冠心病患者发病中的作用

目的:探讨血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和C反应蛋白(CRP)在阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)并发冠心病(CHD)患者发病中的作用。方法:选取2013年12月~2015年2月我院的健康人群(正常组)、单纯OSAHS患者(OSAHS组)、OSAHS合并CHD患者(OSAHS+CHD组)作为研究对象,对比三组的睡眠呼吸指标、血清IL-6、CRP水平,并分析患者中三者的相关性分析。结果:正常组的血清IL-6和CRP水平均显著低于单纯OSAHS组与OSAHS+CHD组(P0.05),且OSAHS+CHD组高于单纯OSAHS组(P0.05);单纯OSAHS组与OSAHS+CHD组在睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、平均Sa O2、最低Sa O2、呼吸暂停时间百分比上具有显著差异(P0.05);单纯OSAHS组和OSAHS+CHD组患者血清IL-6与CRP均为正相关关系(P0.05);单纯OSAHS组与OSAHS+CHD组血清IL-6和CRP均与AHI、呼吸暂停时间百分比呈正相关(P0.05),与最低Sa O2呈负相关(P0.05)。结论:IL-6、CRP和OSAHS合并CHD有密切关联性,为临床研究探讨炎性过程在OSAHS并CHD中的作用机制,以及心血管事件的防治等方向提供了依据。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.