妇科腹腔镜微创手术450例临床分析

目的:分析腹腔镜手术技术在诊治妇科疾患中的作用.方法:采用腹腔镜手术方法治疗450例各类妇科疾患患者,并与同期行开放手术的284例患者的临床疗效进行对比,比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、并发症发生率、术后住院时间及患者对手术的满意度.结果:腹腔镜组的手术时间(73.4± 54.3 min)及术中出血量(107.4± 97.9 mL)明显少于开放手术组(121.8± 65.7 min,188.6± 217.0 mL),而术后排气时间(12.2±8.6 h)及术后住院时间(5.4±2.3 d)均短于开放手术组(16.8±12.1 h,9.8±4.8d),腹腔镜组的各类并发症发生率(2.22％)明显低于开放手术组(8.80％),并且患者的满意度(94.67％)也明显优于开放手术组(82.39％).结论:采用腹腔镜手术方法治疗妇科疾患,手术时间短,术中出血量少,术后住院时间短,并发症少等优点,并且可明显提高患者的满意度.     

腹腔镜手术治疗急性粘连性肠梗阻的临床效果分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术处理急性粘连性肠梗阻的临床效果,为普外科手术提供参考。方法:选取2012年2月-2013年3月我院收治的74例急性粘连性肠梗阻患者的临床资料进行回顾分析。根据手术方式不同,将病例分为对照组和腹腔镜组,每组37例,对照组实施开腹手术,腹腔镜组行微创治疗。观察并比较两组患者的术中出血量、手术时间、下床活动时间、肠蠕动恢复时间、住院时间、复发率及术后并发症等。结果:腹腔镜组手术时间为(67.82±9.57)min,术中出血量为(296.48±33.24)mL,肠蠕动恢复时间为(11.12±1.33)d,下床活动时间为(6.05±1.85)d,住院时间为(8.44±1.63)d,复发率为10.81%,并发症发生率为13.51%;对照组手术时间为(88.16±8.94)min,术中出血量为(482.32±24.21)mL,肠蠕动恢复时间为(18.18±1.09)d,下床活动时间为(8.47±1.23)d,住院时间为(11.28±1.91)d,复发率为19.44%,并发症发生率为30.55%;腹腔镜组各项指标均优于对照组,差异显著具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜手术用于治疗急性粘连性肠梗阻具有手术时间短、出血少及并发症发生率低等优势,效果显著值得临床推广。     

改良颈静脉置管术在自身给药成瘾模型优化中的作用研究

目的:探讨技术和方法的改进,提高动物颈静脉置管以及药物成瘾自身给药模型构建的成功率,为成瘾研究提供更稳定和高效的建模方法。方法:对建立自身给药模型的传统颈静脉置管术进行改良,选取成年雄性SD大鼠60只,按照随机数字表法分为传统手术组(n=30)和改良手术组(n=30),分别完成颈静脉置管术后,按照随机数字表法,再将每组分为对照训练组(n=15)和成瘾训练组(n=15),构建大鼠自身给药模型,观察两组大鼠自身给药模型成功率。结果:大鼠的颈静脉置管手术可能出现的手术并发症主要包括堵管、漏管、感染甚至死亡等,最主要的并发症是漏管,占比最大。颈静脉置管传统手术组手术成功率为43.33%±3.333,颈静脉置管改良手术组手术成功率为90.00%±3.333,显著高于颈静脉置管传统手术组(P0.05)。两组成瘾训练组有效鼻触次数均分别明显高于其对照训练组(P0.05)。结论:大鼠改良后的颈静脉置管手术效果明显优于传统手术,颈静脉置管手术成功率明显提高。     

腹腔镜与开放输尿管切开取石术治疗输尿管结石的临床疗效分析

目的:比较腹腔镜与传统开放手术行输尿管切开取石术治疗输尿管结石的临床效果,评价腹腔镜手术的优势。方法:回顾性分析我院2011年9月~2013年2月45例行开放输尿管切开取石术(开放组)与33例行腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术(腹腔镜组)患者的临床资料并进行比较。结果:78例手术均取石成功,腹腔镜组2例分别因结石逃逸入肾盂和输尿管炎症水肿粘连明显改行开放手术。腹腔镜组在术中出血量、术后下床时间、肛门排气时间、术后引流总量、术后引流时间、住院天数方面均显著优于开放组,而手术时间及住院总费用显著高于开放组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者术后均未出现尿瘘、伤口愈合不良、严重血尿等并发症。结论:两组术式治疗输尿管结石均能有效取石,腹腔镜术式在很多方面拥有一定优势,传统切开取石也有自己的特点。临床上应综合考虑患者意愿、病情特点、术者操作水平、患方经济条件等一系列因素决定最终手术方式。     

腹腔镜胆道探查术胆管一期缝合与T管引流的疗效分析

目的：对腹腔镜弹道探查术胆管一期缝合与T管引流的疗效进行分析。方法：对90例患者进行观察随访,其中一期缝合组45人,T管引流组45人,术后对其手术时间、肛门排气时间、腹腔引流时间、术后平均输液量、术后住院时间、住院费用、术后恢复正常生活时间进行统计分析。结果：一期缝合组除手术时间和腹腔引流时间,其他的各项观察指标以及术后并发症均优于T管引流组。结论：腹腔镜胆道探查术胆管一期缝合的疗效比T管引流的疗效较好,术后并发症也少,但是对于不适合做一期缝合而适合T管引流的患者还是应给予T管引流术。     

两种腹膜透析手术置管术的临床对比研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜下腹膜透析置管术与手术切开腹膜透析置管术的临床对比与应用价值.方法:选择2007年3月1日至2012年3月1日在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院肾病科收治的慢性肾功能衰竭且自愿行腹膜透析的患者96例,其中45例在局麻下行常规手术切开置管术(A组),51例行腹腔镜置管术(B组),术后均使用百特双联系统装置进行腹膜透析.并对术后导管相关性并发症、住院天数、手术费用等方面进行回顾性分析和对比.结果:A组中:导管移位3例(6.7％),网膜包裹2例(4.4％),胸膜瘘1例(2.2％),腹膜炎1例(2.2％),短期透析引流时疼痛2例(4.4％),总体导管相关并发症发生率(19.9％),手术时间为25-40 min,人均手术费用1000元,住院时间7-15天.B组中:无一例发生漂管,阴囊水肿2例(3.9％％),透析管周围渗液2例(3.9％),胸膜瘘1例(2.0％),腹壁疝2例(3.9％),腹膜炎1例(2.0％),总体导管相关并发症发生率(15.7％),手术时间为15-25min,人均费用5500元,住院时间12-25天.结论:腹腔镜置管术与手术切开置管术各有利弊,选择哪种方法要根据患者经济、身体状况、患者意愿来选择.     

腹腔镜下完整系膜切除术治疗结肠癌的临床效果

目的:探讨腹腔镜下完整系膜切除术治疗结肠癌中的临床效果及安全性。方法:选取2015年1月至2017年5月在本院经纤维结肠镜及活组织病理检查确诊为结肠癌的患者作为研究对象,并按照手术方式不同分为开腹手术组及腹腔镜手术组两组,每组各选取93例。开腹手术组采用开腹完整结肠系膜结肠癌根治术进行治疗,腹腔镜手术组采用腹腔镜下完整结肠系膜切除结肠癌根治术进行治疗,比较两组的手术指标、术后并发症和手术质量。结果:与开腹手术组比较,腹腔镜手术组手术时间延长,术中出血量减少,术后排气时间缩短,术后引流量减少,引流管拔管时间缩短,住院时间缩短(P0.05)。腹腔镜手术组术后并发症总发生率(20.43%)显著低于开腹手术组(35.48%)(P0.05);切口相关感染发生率(1.08%)明显低于开腹手术组(6.45%),但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);总感染发生率(11.83%)低于开腹手术组(30.11%)(P0.05)。腹腔镜手术组与开腹手术组均达到完整系膜切除标准,肿瘤组织、系膜等均整块完整切除且系膜未发现损伤,切除标本质量分级达到C级及以上,切除肠管均距离恶性肿瘤上缘10 cm、下缘15 cm,且对切除肠管上切缘及下切缘的病理组织学检查结果均未发现恶性肿瘤细胞。腹腔镜手术组与开腹手术组在清扫淋巴结数量、肿瘤TNM病理分期方面比较均未发现具有统计学差异(P0.05)。腹腔镜手术组肿瘤大小明显小于开腹手术组(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜下完整系膜切除术治疗结肠癌的手术创伤小,可降低术后并发症发生率,但手术时间还有待优化,应用指征还有待进一步拓宽。     

限制性输液在大肠癌术后ICU病人中的应用

目的:探讨结直肠癌术后ICU病人采用限制性输液方法的安全性和有效性.方法:40例结直肠癌术后ICU病人随机分成两组,限制性输液组(n=20)维持CVP在5±2 cmH2O;对照组(n=20)维持CVP在10±2 cmH2O.比较两组病人术后呼吸机使用时间、肛门通气时间、住ICU天数、术后住院天数、住院费用;术后、术后第1 d、第2 d氧合指教、腹内压和术后第1 d、第2 d检测血浆炎症介质水平;观察记录不良反应和并发症.结果:与对照组比较,限制性输液组可明显缩短呼吸机使用时间及肠道通气时间,减少ICU天数和住院天数,降低住院费用,氧和较好,腹内压较低(P<0.05),血浆炎症介质水平较低(P<0.05);并且限制性输液能减少病人不适和手术相关并发症(P<0.05).结论:结直肠癌术后ICU病人采用限制性输液是安全、经济、有效的方法.     

不保留导管的腮腺浅叶切除术后单纯负压加压预防涎瘘的研究(英文)

目的:涎瘘为腮腺病变术后常见的并发症,术后放置负压引流结合绷带加压包扎1周或2周时间,已经成为腮腺术后预防涎瘘的常规方法。本研究着重于评价单纯负压引流在腮腺手术后涎瘘预防的临床价值,并根据术后引流量、引流天数与涎瘘的关系,寻找最佳的拔管时机。方法:不保留腮腺导管的腮腺浅叶切除的腮腺疾病病人194例,分为传统加压组(第一组)和单纯负压组(第二组),第一组病人拔除引流管后继续加压包扎,第二组病人拔管后不再加压包扎;记录术后涎瘘情况,对比两组涎瘘率的差异,同时分析单纯负压组引流量、引流天数与术后涎瘘的关系。结果:传统加压组涎瘘率(11.6%)与单纯负压组涎瘘率(15.5%)对比无统计学差异(P0.05);单纯负压组,引流天数与涎瘘率对比无明显相关(P0.05),而引流量少于20 mL与(20~30)mL对比术后涎瘘率差异显著。结论:单纯负压引流能代替传统拔管后继续加压包扎预防涎瘘,从而避免了因绷带加压包扎引起的诸多并发症;另外,在评估拔管时机时,引流量比引流时间更重要,且引流量小于20 mL可作为最佳的拔管时机,这可作为一个指导临床治疗的共识。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术与传统开腹手术比较分析

目的:分析腹腔镜结直肠癌根治手术与传统开腹术治疗结直肠癌的临床效果,探讨腹腔镜手术的特点及优势,为临床外科手术提供参考。方法:选择2009年7月至2013年5月在我院进行腹腔镜手术的186例结直肠癌患者的临床资料进行分析,并与择期接受开腹手术的181例结直肠癌患者的临床效果进行对比。比较两组患者的平均手术时间、平均术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、下床活动时间、平均住院时间及并发症的发生率等。结果:与传统手术组相比,腹腔镜组患者的平均手术时间短、平均术中出血量少、术后肛门排气时间早、平均住院时间短,差异显著且具有统计学意义(P0.05);腹腔镜组患者术后出现下肢静脉血栓1例、皮下气肿9例、高碳酸血症8例,并发症的发生率为7.14%;传统手术组术后出现切口感染10例、消化道出血13例,吻合口漏11例、并发症的发生率为12.90%。腹腔镜根治术患者术后并发症的发生率明显低于传统开腹手术组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);腹腔镜组患者的平均住院时间为(8.34±2.12)天,明显短于传统开腹手术组的(11.58±1.98)天,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术具有很好的临床效果,术中出血少、术后恢复快,能够减少手术对患者机体造成的损伤,值得临床推广应用。     

Current Trainee and Workforce Patterns for Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery in the United States

ObjectiveThyroid and parathyroid surgery is performed by both general surgeons and otolaryngologists. We describe the proportion of surgeries performed by specialty, providing data to support decisions about when and to whom to direct research, education, and quality improvement interventions.MethodsWe tabulated case numbers for privately insured patients undergoing thyroid and parathyroid surgery in Marketscan: 2010–2016 and trainee case logs for residents and fellows in general surgery and otolaryngology. Summary statistics and tests for trends and differences were calculated.ResultsMarketscan data captured 114 500 thyroid surgeries. The proportion performed by each specialty was not significantly different. Otolaryngologists performed 58 098 and general surgeons performed 56 402. Otolaryngologists more commonly performed hemithyroidectomy (n = 25 148, 43.29% of all thyroid surgeries performed by otolaryngologists) compared to general surgeons (n = 20 353, 36.09% of all thyroid surgeries performed by general surgeons). Marketscan data captured 21 062 parathyroid surgeries: 6582 (31.25%) were performed by otolaryngologists, and 14 480 (68.75%) were performed by general surgeons. The case numbers of otolaryngology and general surgery trainees completing residency and fellowship varied 6- to 9-fold across different sites. The wide variation may reflect both the level of exposure a particular training program offers and trainee level of interest.ConclusionThyroid surgical care is equally provided by general surgeons and otolaryngologists. Both specialties contribute significantly to parathyroid surgical care. Both specialties should provide input into and be targets of research, quality, and education interventions.     

A multimedia tool for the informed consent of patients prior to gastric banding

Objective: Severe obesity is a clear indication for appropriate, effective weight loss therapy. One option is operative intervention, e.g., gastric banding. Risks of the operation and therapeutic alternatives need to be comprehensibly presented to the patient. The literature has shown that better informed consent is obtained using information presented in a multimedia/video‐based format. The current study developed and evaluated a multimedia program aimed at obtaining informed consent from obese patients before gastric banding. Research Methods and Procedure: An interactive multimedia program was developed with information about preoperative examinations, the operation itself, hospital stay, operative risks, alternative therapies, and the pathophysiology and health risks of obesity. Two groups (Group 1, n = 20, mean age 38 years, informed consent attained with conventional document information; Group 2, n = 20, mean age 37 years, informed consent attained with additional multimedia information) were interviewed regarding comprehensibility of the information presented, personal satisfaction, and anxiety levels during the informed consent process. Results: Group 2 showed significantly better (p < 0.05) understanding of the presented information and higher levels of satisfaction with the informed consent process. Anxiety levels did not significantly differ between the two groups. Discussion: Because patient satisfaction with the informed consent process and understanding of the presented information significantly improved, the multimedia program clearly benefits both surgeons and patients. Personal contact from the surgeon remains essential. High volumes of information presented in multimedia format do not alleviate patient anxiety, and personal contact may be beneficial.     

In‐vitro investigations on laser‐induced smoke generation mimicking the laparoscopic laser surgery purposes

Intraoperative smoke‐generation limits the quality of vision during laparoscopic/endoscopic laser‐assisted surgeries. The current study aimed at the evaluation of factors affecting this phenomenon. As a first step, a suitable experimental setup and a test tissue model were established for this investigation. The experimental setup is composed of a specific sample container, a laser therapy component suitable for the ablation of model tissue at different treatment wavelengths (λ = 980 nm, 1350 nm, 1470 nm), a suction unit providing continuous smoke extraction, and a detection unit for smoke quantification via detection of light (λ = 633 nm) scattered from smoke particles. The ablation rate (AR) was calculated by dividing the ablated volume by the ablation time (60 sec). The laser‐induced scattering signal intensity of the smoke (SI) was determined from time‐charts of the signal intensity as a measure for vision, in addition a delay‐time t_delay could be derived defining the onset of SI after the laser was switched on. The ratio SI/AR is used as a measure for smoke generation in relation to the ablation rate. Additionally the light transmission of the tissue samples was used to estimate their optical properties. In this set‐up, smoke generation using λ = 980 nm as ablation laser wavelength was detected after a delay‐time t_delay = (121.6 ± 24.8) sec which is significantly longer compared to the wavelengths λ = 1350 nm with t_delay = (89.8 ± 19.3) sec and λ = 1470 nm with t_delay = (24.7 ± 5.4) sec. Thus, the delay

Experimental set‐up consisting of sample container, laser therapy component, suction unit and scattered‐light detection compartment. time is wavelength‐dependent. The SI/AR ratio was significantly different (p < 0.001) for 1470 nm irradiation compared to 980 nm irradiation [SI/AR(1470) = (11.8 ± 2.6) · 10³ vs. SI/AR(980) = (8.6 ± 2.0) · 10³]. The ablation crater for 980 nm irradiation was comparable with 1470 nm irradiation, but the coagulation rim was thicker in the 980 nm case. In conclusion, it could be shown experimentally that smoke‐generation depends on the wavelength used for laser ablation.     

胆结石应用腹腔镜与小切口手术切除胆囊治疗的临床效果分析

目的探讨腹腔镜与小切口手术切除胆囊治疗胆结石的临床疗效。方法选取2014~2015年我院收治的胆结石患者100例,随机分为对照组和观察组各50例,对照组患者采用小切口手术切除胆囊治疗,观察组患者行腹腔镜手术切除胆囊治疗,比较分析两组患者的临床效果。结果观察组术中出血量、手术时间、肠道功能恢复时间、住院时间及术后并发症发生率均有明显优势,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);观察组治疗总有效率为96%,对照组为84%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)结论采用腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗胆结石患者,能明显提高临床疗效,值得临床推广应用。     

保乳手术和改良根治手术在乳腺癌患者临床治疗的效果研究

目的:通过对比乳腺癌手术分别采用保乳手术和改良根治手术的治疗效果,探讨分析两种不同的手术方法的疗效差异,为临床治疗和相关研究提供参考。方法:选取88例乳腺癌患者作为研究对象,并以不同的临床手术治疗方法为依据,将两组患者分为研究组和对照组,各44例,就诊时间为2010年2月至2011年12月。研究组给予保乳手术,对照组给予改良根治手术。对两组患者的手术时间、住院时间、术中出血量、并发症发生率以及两组患者的躯体评分、心理评分、社会评分和精神评分等各项生存质量评分结果为观察指标。结果:研究组患者的手术时间小于对照组,研究组患者的住院时间短于对照组,研究组患者的并发症发生率低于对照组,研究组的术中出血量少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组患者的躯体评分、心理评分、社会评分和精神评分等各项生存质量评分结果均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与改良根治手术相比较,采用保乳手术治疗乳腺癌的临床综合效果显著,患者的术后生活质量更好,是临床治疗乳腺癌的理想选择方式之一。     

宫腹腔镜联合下子宫瘢痕憩室新术式应用的临床效果探讨

目的:探讨宫腹腔镜联合下子宫瘢痕憩室新术式应用的临床效果。方法:对2016年1月至2017年6月于我院住院的子宫瘢痕憩室患者14例进行回顾性分析和术后随访。以采用宫腹腔镜联合下子宫瘢痕憩室新术式6例为观察组,行传统的宫腹腔镜联合下子宫瘢痕憩室修补术8例为对照组。比较两组基线资料、手术情况、临床疗效。结果:两组的年龄、剖宫产史以及每个月生理期和子宫缺损位置的肌肉厚度比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组手术时间[(54.83±13.91)min]明显少于对照组[(96.00±18.79) min],手术出血量[(26.67±8.76) m L]少于对照组[(76.88±19.07) m L],住院费用[(7099.00±763.80)]远少于对照组[(9562.00±2548.00)元],差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。随访6个月时,观察组治疗有效率为83.3%,高于对照组(62.5%),但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:宫腹腔镜联合下子宫瘢痕憩室新术式及传统的宫腹腔镜联合下子宫瘢痕憩室修补术用于子宫瘢痕憩室患者的临床疗效相当,但新术式宫腹腔镜联合下子宫憩室折叠缝合术创伤更小、费用更低。     

腹腔镜手术治疗不同类型急性阑尾炎的临床效果分析

目的：探讨并分析腹腔镜手术应用于普外科治疗不同类型急性阑尾炎的临床效果。方法：选取2011年至2012年在我院接受急性阑尾炎手术的患者150例,并随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组行腹腔镜手术治疗急性阑尾炎;对照组行阑尾切除术。观察并比较两组患者围术期相关指标。结果：与对照组相比,观察组中患者的各项指标均优于对照组。采用腹腔镜手术治疗急性阑尾炎的患者术中出血量少,手术时间短,术后恢复快,并发症的发生率低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：腹腔镜手术具有手术持续时间短、创伤面积小以及术后恢复快等优势。对不同类型急性阑尾炎的治疗效果显著,值得推广。     

传统开腹手术与腹腔镜手术治疗子宫肌瘤的效果分析

目的探讨传统开腹手术与腹腔镜手术治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效。方法选择2013年2月~2015年11月在我院接受治疗的子宫肌瘤患者140例为研究对象,按患者自愿原则分为对照组和观察组各70例,对照组采用传统开腹手术治疗,观察组采用腹腔镜手术治疗,并对两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后感染情况和住院时间进行比较。结果观察组在手术时间、术中出血量、术后感染率及住院时间等方面均优于对照组,差异具有显著统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤切除术与传统开腹手术比较,具有出血量少、住院时间短、恢复快、并发症少等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

Neurosurgical brain tumor detection based on intraoperative optical intrinsic signal imaging technique: A case report of glioblastoma

The delineation of brain tumor margins has been a challenging objective in neurosurgery for decades. Despite the development of various preoperative imaging techniques, the current methodology is still insufficient for clinical practice. We present an intraoperative optical intrinsic signal imaging system for brain tumor surgery and establish a data processing procedure model to localize tumors. From the experimental result of a glioblastoma patient, we observe a relative small oscillation of ΔHbD in tumor region and speculate that vessels in tumor region have poor ability to provide oxygen. We applied the same data processing procedure on the second time data and proclaimed a successful surgery. Figure: Merged ΔHbD image captured prior and posterior to tumor removal.      

甲状腺次全切除术与甲状腺全切除术治疗结节性甲状腺肿的疗效对比分析

目的:研究甲状腺次全切除术与甲状腺全切除术治疗结节性甲状腺肿的临床疗效。方法:选取2011年1月至2012年12月我院收治的84例结节性甲状腺肿患者,随机分为甲状腺次全切除术组(A组)和甲状腺全切除术组(B组),比较分析两组患者围手术期指标、治疗效果及并发症发生情况。结果:A组镇痛剂使用量、手术时间、术中出血量及住院时间少于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。A组和B组有效率差异无统计学意义(P0.05),A组复发率高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。并发症发生率A组低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:甲状腺次全切除术与甲状腺全切除术治疗结节性甲状腺肿疗效相似,甲状腺次全切除术复发率更高,但并发症发生率更低。