大肠杆菌系统中外源蛋白分泌的研究

要使基因工程产物达到工业化生产的规模,不仅要解决基因的高表达,还需要解决产物的分泌问题。 大肠杆菌系统中外源蛋白分泌的主要障碍是外膜,从遗传和生化两方面研究入手,通过定点突变、基因融合、构建分泌型载体等方法将可能阐明分泌的机制并找到有效的应用途径。     

利用毕赤酵母表达外源蛋白的研究

综述了毕赤酵母表达系统的优越性、表达受体菌和表达载体、酵母转化、分泌信号、翻译后加工和修饰等特点,以及广泛的医用、商业用途,在理论研究特别是蛋白质结构与功能：疗面的潜在应用价值。     

外源蛋白表达系统及利用植物表达外源蛋白的特点与优势

比较了大肠杆菌,酵母,昆虫细胞/杆状病毒,哺乳动物细胞,动物乳腺以及植物等不同受体作为外源蛋白表达系统的优缺点。论述了植物外源蛋白表达系统的特点,阐述利用植物生产外源蛋白的潜在优势。     

信号肽对外源蛋白分泌效率的影响

信号肽在引导外源蛋白分泌过程中具有重要作用,从信号肽疏水性结构、构建分泌型载体以及分泌增强子、定位信号等几个方面介绍了信号肽对外源蛋白分泌效率的影响,在大量生产以酵母为表达栽体的治疗性蛋白方面具有广泛的应用前景。     

信号肽对外源蛋白分泌效率的影响

信号肽在引导外源蛋白分泌过程中具有重要作用,本文从信号肽疏水性结构、构建分泌型载体以及分泌增强子、定位信号等几个方面介绍了信号肽对外源蛋白分泌效率的影响,在大量生产以酵母为表达宿主的治疗性蛋白方面具有广泛的应用前景。     

甲醇酵母表达系统

近年来,甲醇酵母作为一种新的蛋白表达系统,已得到越来越广泛的应用。本文对这一系统作一简要概述,主要描述了甲醇酵母的优点,甲醇酵母的生物学及其转化等方面。     

外源蛋白在芽孢杆菌中分泌表达的研究进展

芽孢杆菌是很有潜力的分泌型基因工程宿主菌。本文概述了利用芽孢杆菌分泌表达外源基因时,影响目的蛋白产率的一些主要因素,如蛋白酶水解作用、缺乏适宜的分子伴侣、信号肽的选择不当等,并讨论了相应的解决对策。     

外源蛋白在芽孢杆菌中分泌表达的研究进展

芽孢杆菌是很有潜力的分泌型基因工程宿主菌。本文概述了利用芽孢杆菌分泌表达外源基因时,影响目的蛋白产率的一些主要因素,如蛋白酶水解作用、缺乏适宜的分子伴侣、信号肽的选择不当等,并讨论了相应的解决对策。     

用于药用蛋白生产的外源表达系统

种表达系统在重组蛋白生产上将长期共存.而通过遗传改造、基因组学、蛋白质组学等研究方法不断改进各种外源蛋白表达系统的性能,不断建立更加优越的外源蛋白表达系统则是大家共同努力的目标.     

毕赤酵母蛋白表达系统研究进展

选择合适的蛋白表达系统是外源基因能否成功表达的关键.毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)蛋白表达系统是近些年来发展起来的一种真核表达系统,与其他表达系统相比,该系统所具有的诸多优势使其研究价值和应用价值越来越广泛,已经成功表达了多种蛋白质.简要综述其特点、表达宿主菌、表达载体以及其元件、外源蛋白的表达及其影响因素等方面的基础研究和最新进展.     

子宫内膜与细菌L型感染

本文报道41例宫腔刮出物的病原微生物培养,其中子宫异常出血和早孕胎盘组织各15例,月经紊乱6例和不孕症5例。19例细菌培养为阳性(46.35),19例中之7例为细菌兼有 L 型感染,8例为单纯 L 型感染,3例为解脲脲原体和1例 G~ 厌氧球菌感染。L 型菌落呈典型“油煎蛋”样或颗粒样。子宫内膜和胎盘组织切片的细菌学检查发现大量 L 型巨形体、圆球体和长丝体。作者认为在妇产科范围内,细菌 L 型和解脲脲原体感染并非少见,可能是子宫异常出血、月经紊乱、不孕症和流产的重要原因之一。L 型的形成与抗生素治疗及体内因素的诱导有关。在治疗 L 型感染过程中,药物的选择很重要。     

革兰氏阴性细菌蛋白分泌系统研究进展

革兰氏阴性细菌由于具有复杂的双层膜结构,其蛋白质分泌能力较差.这使得革兰氏阴性细菌的典型菌株——大肠杆菌作为最常用的受体细胞在生物制药工程和其他生物技术产品生产中受到一定的限制.因此,革兰氏阴性细菌蛋白分泌系统的研究具有重要意义.本文详细地归纳了革兰氏阴性细菌已知的蛋白分泌系统,分别从分泌系统的分泌过程、分泌蛋白类别、...     

Type VI secretion system effector proteins: Effective weapons for bacterial competitiveness

The Type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a protein translocation nanomachine widespread among Gram‐negative bacteria and used as a means to deliver effectors directly into target bacterial or eukaryotic cells. These effectors have a wide variety of functions within target cells that ultimately help the secreting cell gain a competitive fitness advantage. Here, we discuss the different ways in which these effectors can be delivered by the T6SS and the diverse mechanisms by which they exert their noxious action upon recipient cells. We also highlight the existence of roles for T6SS effectors beyond simply the killing of neighbouring cells.     

胃癌组织中幽门螺杆菌L型感染及骨桥蛋白检测的意义

目的通过检测胃癌组织中幽门螺杆菌L(HP-L)型感染以及OPN的表达情况,探讨Hp-L型感染对胃癌侵袭、转移生物学行为的影响及可能机制。方法①应用革兰染色及免疫组化(SP)法检测120例胃癌组织中的Hp-L型感染情况;②应用免疫组化(SP)法检测胃癌组织中的OPN的表达。分析Hp-L型感染与OPN表达的关系以及和临床病理因素之间的关系。结果①120例胃癌组织中有88例革兰染色检出Hp-L型,其阳性率为73.3%(88/120);免疫组化Hp-L型抗原表达阳性率为70.8%(85/120),革兰染色Hp-L型检出和Hp-L型抗原表达同时阳性的病例有82例(两者同时阳性者为Hp-L型阳性),其阳性率为68.3%(82/120)。②胃癌组织中Hp-L型阳性组的OPN表达阳性率分别为70.73%(58/82),高于Hp-L型阴性组表达率,且有统计学意义(P<0.005)。经四格表资料χ2检验,胃癌组中Hp-L型阳性与OPN阳性表达呈正相关(r=0.27,P<0.001)。③胃癌中Hp-L型阳性与肿瘤的大小、癌细胞的血管侵袭、浸润深度及淋巴结转移具有相关性(P<0.001-P<0.05)。结论 Hp-L型感染是引起胃癌...     

Isolation of a cytotoxin from L-form Salmonella typhimurium

Abstract A cytotoxin protein was isolated from the sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)-solubilized extract of the stable L forms of Salmonella typhimurium by ion-retardation chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, isoelectric focusing and gel filtration. The purified toxin, with a molecular mass of 32 kDa and with isoelectric point of 6.4, was thermolabile and trypsin-sensitive. Against mouse macrophages, its cytolytic effect was detectable in vitro at concentrations higher than 0.7 μg/ml, with a complete lysis obtained at 5 μg/ml. In contrast, it stimulated C3H/HeJ macrophages in the dose range of 0.1–0.5 μg/ml to allow the cell to respond to endotoxin, resulting in the significant production of tumor necrosis factor α. By Northern blot analysis, this effect was detectable at a dose as low as 0.01 μg/ml. These findings suggest that the transformation of bacillary S. typhimurium into L forms in vivo may induce alterations in host resistance against murine typhoid.     

泌尿系细菌L型感染致病性临床研究

目的探讨泌尿系反复感染致病菌的发病特点及细菌L型感染的致病性,为临床诊治提供科学依据。方法将127例清洁中段尿培养确诊的反复发作肾盂肾炎患者,根据致病菌分为细菌型组、细菌伴L型组和细菌L型组,健康体检者为对照组,分析4组患者尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、尿视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)水平变化。结果泌尿系感染各组尿NAG和尿RBP较正常对照组均有不同程度升高,差异有非常显著性(P0.01),单纯细菌L型感染患者较细菌型及细菌伴L型患者稍低,但细菌型、细菌伴L型及细菌L型3组之间差异无显著性(P0.05)。结论细菌L型在泌尿道感染反复发作中占重要地位,泌尿系细菌L型感染具有致病性。     

蛇肌肌酸激酶cDNA的克隆,表达及同源性比较

构建了蛇肌ｃＤＮＡ文库,用抗体筛库,克隆了肌酸激酶的ｃＤＮＡ,测定了其核苷酸序列,并将完整的ｃＤＮＡ克隆到ｐＥＴ１１表达质粒,在大肠杆菌中获得高诳表达。纯化的重组肌酸激酶,与组织酶的动力学性质表现出高度的一致性。同时,比较了蛇肌酸激酶与其他种属Ｍ型肌酸激酶的同源性,确定了在爬行动物中肌酸激酶存在Ｍ型。     

A NanoLuc luciferase-based assay enabling the real-time analysis of protein secretion and injection by bacterial type III secretion systems

The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of secretion through bacterial protein secretion systems is impeded by a shortage of assays to quantitatively assess secretion kinetics. Also the analysis of the biological role of these secretion systems as well as the identification of inhibitors targeting these systems would greatly benefit from the availability of a simple, quick and quantitative assay to monitor principle secretion and injection into host cells. Here, we present a versatile solution to this need, utilizing the small and very bright NanoLuc luciferase to assess the function of the type III secretion system encoded by Salmonella pathogenicity island 1. Type III secretion substrate–NanoLuc fusions are readily secreted into the culture supernatant, where they can be quantified by luminometry after removal of bacteria. The NanoLuc-based secretion assay features a very high signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity down to the nanolitre scale. The assay enables monitoring of secretion kinetics and is adaptable to a high throughput screening format in 384-well microplates. We further developed a split NanoLuc-based assay that enables the real-time monitoring of type III secretion-dependent injection of effector–HiBiT fusions into host cells stably expressing the complementing NanoLuc–LgBiT.     

Locking TolC entrance helices to prevent protein translocation by the bacterial type I export apparatus

The periplasmic entrance of the TolC channel tunnel is sealed by close-packing of inner and outer coiled-coils, and it has been proposed that opening of the entrance is achieved by an iris-like realignment of the inner coiled-coils. This is supported by experimental disruption of the key links connecting them, which effects transition to the open state in TolC inserted into planar lipid bilayers. Here we provide in vivo evidence for this "twist to open" mechanism by constraining the coiled coils with disulphide bonds, either self-locking or bridged by a chemical cross-linker, and reconstituting the resulting TolC variants into the type I protein export system in Escherichia coli. Introducing an intermonomer disulphide bridge between Ala159 and Ser350 caused a fivefold reduction in export, and when the coiled coils were cross-linked at the entrance constriction, between Asp374 of adjacent monomers or between Asn156 and Ala375, TolC-dependent export was abolished. In vivo cross-linking showed that the locked non-exporting TolC variants were still recruited to assemble the type I export apparatus. The data show that untwisting the entrance helices is essential for the export function of TolC in E.coli, specifically to allow access and passage of substrates engaged at the inner membrane translocase.