浙江植物新资料

报道了5种种子植物在浙江的分布新记录.其中,纵肋人字果[Dichocarpum fargesii (Franch.) W.T.Wang et Hsiao]、肾萼金腰(Chrysosplenium delavayi Franch)和沼生蔊菜[Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser]为浙江地理分布新记录;小叶地锦(Euphorbia heyneana Spreng.)和异檐花[Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieurol.]为浙江归化植物新记录.     

封面植物简介——雪莲

雪莲[Saussureainvolucrata(Kar.et Kir.)Sch.-Bip.]又称雪莲花、荷莲,菊科凤毛菊属植物。多年生草本,高15~35 cm。根状茎粗,颈部被多数褐色的叶残迹。叶密集,椭圆形或卵状椭圆形,长达14 cm,宽2~3.5 cm,顶端钝或急尖,基部下延,边缘有尖齿。最上部叶苞叶状,膜质,透明,淡黄色。头     

箭叶秋葵愈伤组织诱导及增殖培养的激素组合筛选

箭叶秋葵[ Abelmoschus sagittifolius(Kurz.) Merr.]又名红花马宁、铜皮、五指山参、小红芙蓉、岩酸,系锦葵科(Malvaceae)秋葵属(Abelmoschus Medic.)多年生亚灌木状草本;其根既可食用又可入药,具有滋养强壮之功效,可用于治疗神经衰弱、头晕、腰腿痛、胃痛及腹泻等[1].     

江西玄参科一新记录属——泽番椒属

报道了江西玄参科一新记录属——泽番椒属(Deinostema T. Yamaz.)和新记录种泽番椒[D.violacea(Maxim.) T. Yamaz.]。该文提供了该新记录种的野外生境和形态特征照片,并进行了形态描述,凭证标本保存于江西农业大学林学院树木标本馆(JXAU)。同时对《中国植物志》和《Flora of China》二者中对泽番椒的部分形态特征进行了补充描述:一年生草本,全株无毛或花梗、花萼背部及花冠筒外被腺毛,单花腋生,无花梗或有花梗,花梗可长达20 mm。     

关于木棉与攀枝花

锦葵科(Malvaceae)棉属(Gossypium)的栽培棉种,大都是一年生品种,但在气候温暖的地带如我国的云南、西康、广西、广东、福建和台湾等地有多年生棉品种的栽培,在这种气候条件下,一年生棉亦能经冬不死,成为多年生状态。多年生棉,不论是海岛棉(G.barba-dense L.)、中国棉(G.arboreum L.)或陆地棉(G.hir-sutum L.),习惯上都称做木棉。后两种在南方虽可变为多年生,但不重要,所以木棉一般指多年生海岛棉而言。此外,我国南部如云南、广西、广东和贵州等地有     

中国丝瓜藓属直蒴组的分类学研究

采用经典分类学研究方法,对河北师范大学植物标本馆(HBNU)等国内多个标本馆保存的中国丝瓜藓属直蒴组(Pohlia Hedw.section Cacodon Lindb.ex Broth.)及其近缘类群植物标本共计130余号进行了分类学分析鉴定,并对所确定的中国产直蒴组物种的芽胞大小、形状及叶原基数量和长度等形态学特征进行比较分析,以期为中国丝瓜藓属直蒴组的分类学研究提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)经鉴定中国丝瓜藓属直蒴组植物共有8种——夭命丝瓜藓[Pohlia annotina(Hedw.)Lindb.]、糙枝丝瓜藓[P.camptotrachela(Ren.Card.)Broth.]、林地丝瓜藓[P.drummondii(Müll.Hal.)Andr.]、疣齿丝瓜藓[P.flexuosa Harv.]、纤毛丝瓜藓[P.hisae T.J.Kop.et J.X.Luo]、异芽丝瓜藓[P.leucostoma(BoschSande Lac.)M.Fleisch.]、念珠丝瓜藓[P.lutescens(Limpr.)H.Lindb.]和卵蒴丝瓜藓[P.proligera(Kindb.ex Breidl.)Lindb.ex Arnell]。(2)中国丝瓜藓属直蒴组植物的重要鉴别特征是在假根或叶腋处生有芽胞,而且芽胞形状以及叶原基形状和数量在直蒴组中存在差异,如念珠丝瓜藓具有假根生芽胞,而疣齿丝瓜藓具有两型芽胞。(3)对所鉴定的中国丝瓜藓属直蒴组8种植物的识别特征、生境及其与相近种的关系进行了详细描述,并绘制了形态特征墨线图。     

37种植物提取物对人乳腺癌细胞及脂肪酸合酶抑制作用

本文用CCK-8法筛选了37种植物提取物对人乳腺癌细胞抑制作用。研究结果表明:黄山栾[Koelreuteriabipinnata Franch.var.integrifoliola(Merr.)T.Chen.]、南五味子(Kadsuralongipedunculata Finet et Gagnep.)、糙叶树[Aphanantheaspera(Thunb.)Planch.]、大血藤[Sargentodoxacuneata(Oliv.)Rehd.]和黄杜鹃[Rhododendron molle(Blum)G.Don.]5种植物提取物对人乳腺癌细胞具有显著抑制活性。在终浓度为100 mg/L时,其对肿瘤细胞的抑制率分别为76.68±0.16%、71.02±0.12%、62.70±1.26%、61.54±0.35%和55.79±1.71%。进一步筛选5种植物石油醚相、乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相和水相的对人乳腺癌细胞及脂肪酸合酶(FAS)的抑制活性,其中黄山栾正丁醇相抗具有显著的细胞毒性,IC_(50)为19.93 mg/L;5种植物提取物不同溶剂部位对FAS均表现出一定的抑制活性,黄山栾的正丁醇相对FAS的抑制活性最强,在浓度100 mg/L下抑制率为84.32%。为进一步寻找高效、新型的抗肿瘤药物提供理论依据。     

女贞苦丁茶挥发油成分分析

苦丁茶是我国南方各民族长期饮用的茶代用品之一,其基原植物种类较多,据调查苦丁茶原植物有9科15种植物,其中木犀科(Oleaceae)女贞属(Ligustrum L.)有粗壮女贞[L. robustum (Roxb.) Bl.]、紫茎女贞(L. purpurascens Y.C.Yang)、序梗女贞(L. pedunculare Rehd)、日本毛女贞(L. japonicum Thunb. var. pubescens Koidz.)等[1～8].     

天山森林生态系统中朽木生地衣植物生态分布的DCA排序

应用DCA排序方法对天山森林生态系统中朽木生地衣植物的分布格局与海拔之间的相关性进行了分析.结果表明,不同海拔高度的不同类型的森林生态系统中分布着不同种类的朽木生地衣植物.分布于海拔800 m的主要地衣种类有脱落网衣(Lecidella elabens Fr., Kgl)、柳茶渍[Lecanora saligna (Schrad.) A. Zahlbr]等.分布于海拔900～1 100 m的有 刺小孢衣[Bryoria confusa (Awas.) Bodo & Hawksw]、叉小孢衣[Bryoria furcellata (Fr.) Bodo & Hawksw]等种类.分布于海拔1 300～1 760 m的有 粗皮石蕊[Cladonia scabriuscula (Del.) Leight.]、亚鳞石蕊[Cladonia subsquamosa (Nyl.) Vain]等种类;分布于海拔1 800～2 300 m的有 黑蜈蚣衣[Phaeophyscia nigricans (Flk.) Moberg]、美丽黑蜈蚣衣[Phaeophyscia rubropulchra (Degel.) Essl.]等种类.     

大戟科植物学名订正

大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)是被子植物中的大科,是热带植物区系中的重要成分,还有橡胶[Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Muell. Arg.]、木薯(Manihot esculenta Crantz.)、油桐[Vernicia fordii (Hemsl.) Airy Shaw]等重要的粮食、经济植物和巴豆(Croton tiglium L.)、大戟(Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr.)、余甘子(Phyllanthus emblica L.)等常用药用植物,是一个具有重要经济价值的植物类群.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.