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高校动物学实验教学改革初探 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
动物学是高校生物类专业重要的必修专业基础课,动物学实验是动物学教学不可分割的重要组成部分,对验证和巩固动物学理论知识,提高学生的实验技能,培养学生发现问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力具有重要意义.随着高等教育的改革和人材培养模式的转变,传统的动物学实验教学方法已难以适应培养创新型、复合型人才的需要(王力军等,2006)."教育部高等教育面向21世纪教学内容和课程体系改革计划"是我国教育改革的重要指导方针,也是我们转变教育思想、更新教育观念的指导思想(冯建成, 罗素兰, 2007).近年来,我校积极实施改革计划,动物学课程组以能力培养为核心,推进实验教学改革,对动物学实验教学内容和方法进行了一些有益的改革探索. 相似文献
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动物学实验是动物学教学的重要组成部分,是培养和提高学生动物学实验技能的主要途径。但长期以来大多数学校始终没有解决好一个教师要指导50至60名学生,教师的语言难于直观、形象地表达操作要领、观察现象、实验结果;教学信息难于在课堂上及时地交流和反馈等矛盾。因此,实验教学的组织,教学任务的顺利完成,一直是迫切希望解决的问题。为了探索实验教学的组织形式,使实验课真正达到培养和提高学生动物学实验技能的目的,一年来我们在初二年级进行了用录像指导学生进行动物学实验的教学研究。我们先后在几所普通中学开展了“鲫鱼解剖”、“青蛙解剖”的实验研究课,受到了参与实验的学校和教师的肯定和好评。 相似文献
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实验动物学是生命科学研究的基础和支撑条件之一。在医学院校实验动物学的教学中,应以实验动物与动物实验标准化为中心,增加和完善动物模型、分子遗传、胚胎工程及转基因动物等理论内容,紧跟生命科学的发展趋势;同时注重理论教学与实验教学的相互结合,充分利用现代先进的教育技术,以基本实验、综合实验和自主设计实验培养学生的操作能力和创新思维。这些改革措施将对改进实验动物学的教学质量,提高医学院学生的科研水平有重要意义。 相似文献
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师长宏张海王四旺施新猷 《现代生物医学进展》2012,12(26):5160-5162
通过基础理论、实验操作、应用实践和在职培训四个阶段学习,构建医学特色突出,符合国家法规的医学实验动物学课程体系.针对不同学科专业的培养要求,以及教学对象的素质结构,合理调整教学内容,区别对待研究生、本科生、医学实验专业技术学生和实验动物学专业学员的实验动学教学,制订四层次教学重点与大纲,强化实验动物学与医学生物学的融合,突出专业特点. 相似文献
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1 动物学实验教学存在的问题和实行改革的必要 传统的动物学实验一般以形态解剖和动物分类为主,课程教学内容多为演示性和验证性实验.这些实验对培养学生的基本实验技能、基本实验方法、常用仪器的使用以及数据处理是十分必要的,但模式比较单一.教学中综合类、研究类实验几乎是空白,未能反映现代动物学新发展内容,这对培养学生科研和创新能力不利(乔淑芬,2007).因此,改造传统的实验教学内容和实验技术方法,建立新型的适应学生能力培养、鼓励探索的多元化实验教学模式、培养学生的创新能力是非常必要的.3 相似文献
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实验动物学教学已成为医学教育中不可或缺的组成部分。本文从课程设置背景、课程安排、考核方法等方面总结了不同层次的实验动物学教学特点,以供广大实验动物教学工作者参考。 相似文献
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In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980. 相似文献
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N. P. Vesselkin Yu. V. Natochin 《Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology》2010,46(6):592-603
Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms.
The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal
mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization
followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The
mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction
of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms
are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning
of physiological systems and organs of the living organism 相似文献
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