FPOA诱导人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞凋亡的作用

研究了从红缘拟层孔菌中分离纯化的3-乙酰氧基-8,24-羊毛甾二烯-21酸(FPOA)对人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7细胞增殖的抑制作用及诱导凋亡的作用机理.采用MTT法检测细胞抑制增殖的能力,通过Annexin V-FITC/PI双染法检测细胞凋亡情况,采用蛋白质印迹法分析凋亡相关蛋白的表达情况.结果表明,MCF-7经FPO...     

红缘拟层孔菌固体发酵产物体内抗肿瘤和抗氧化作用研究

研究了红缘拟层孔菌固体发酵产物对H22荷瘤小鼠的抗肿瘤和抗氧化作用,以抑瘤率、脾和胸腺指数、白细胞介素-2、干扰素-r、血管内皮细胞生长因子、超氧化物歧化酶、丙二醛、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物等指标来考察红缘拟层孔菌固体发酵产物对H22荷瘤小鼠肿瘤抑制和体内抗氧化作用。结果表明,固体发酵产物高剂量和中剂量组的抑瘤率分别为66.66%和64.70%,与阴性组比较,有显著的抗肿瘤作用（P<0.01）,HE染色切片也能观察到固体发酵产物高、中和低各组肿瘤细胞大量坏死,并且高剂量和低剂量组血清中白细胞介素-2和干扰素-r含量显著增加,血管内皮生长因子含量降低,与抑制肿瘤效果具有一定相关性;此外,红缘拟层孔菌固体发酵产物各组可以降低丙二醛含量,提高超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物含量;综上所述,红缘拟层孔菌固体发酵产物具有显著的抗肿瘤和抗氧化作用。     

红缘拟层孔菌化学成分与药理活性研究概述

对红缘拟层孔菌的化学成分、药理活性、菌丝发酵和木质素降解作用等方面的研究进行了综述。化学成分研究表明,红缘拟层孔菌含有多种三萜类、多糖类、脑苷脂类、挥发性等成分;药理活性研究表明,红缘拟层孔菌具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗糖尿病、抗炎镇痛、抑菌、保肝等药理作用;菌丝发酵研究表明,红缘拟层孔菌菌丝发酵的最佳碳源为葡萄糖,氮源为酵母膏和麦芽汁。此外,红缘拟层孔菌对纤维素有降解作用。     

红缘拟层孔菌发酵工艺的研究及其升罐培养

为筛选出红缘拟层孔菌发酵的最佳条件,并用于升罐发酵,试验优选出5个基础培养基,再以发酵菌丝体的生物量为指标,确定红缘拟层孔菌发酵的最佳条件。进行升罐发酵,间隔取出少量发酵液进行显微观察并检测葡萄糖含量,描述出菌丝体的生长状态。结果表明:红缘拟层孔菌发酵的最佳条件为马铃薯200 g/L,葡萄糖20 g/L,磷酸二氢钾1 g/L,硫酸镁1.5 g/L,维生素B10.4 g/L。升罐发酵中,菌丝干质量在前60 h处于快速的增长状态,最大为6.890 1 g/L,而60 h之后菌丝的生长变缓慢,到84 h之后,菌丝自溶,菌丝的产量开始下降。菌丝的葡萄糖含量经血糖仪检测在60 h时最高,达到0.296 5 g/L,之后呈现下降趋势。红缘拟层孔菌升罐发酵的最佳发酵时间为56~64 h。     

椭圆嗜蓝孢孔菌子实体的化学成分

从椭圆嗜蓝孢孔菌Fomitiporia ellipsoidea子实体的石油醚提取物中分离得到6个化合物,分别是麦角甾-7,22,25-三烯-3-酮,21-羟基羊毛甾-7,9(11),24-三烯-3-酮,麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-棕榈酸酯,麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3-酮,麦角甾醇和过氧化麦角甾醇;从其脱脂后的氯仿提取中分离得到了3个化合物,分别是：苯并(1,2-b;5,4-b′)二呋喃-3,5-二酮-8-甲酸甲酯,麦角甾-7,22-烯-3b-醇和b-谷甾醇。其中苯并(1,2-b;5,4-b′)二呋喃-3     

山野木层孔菌子实体中抑制H22荷瘤小鼠肿瘤的活性成分研究

采用梯度提取法对山野木层孔菌子实体进行提取,得到石油醚层、甲醇层及水层3 种提取物及石油醚层中获得化合物4,6,8(14),22(23)-四烯-3-酮-麦角甾烷,并采用H22 荷瘤小鼠进行体内抗肿瘤活性研究,以抑瘤率、免疫器官指数、免疫因子为指标检测抗肿瘤活性。结果表明,石油醚高剂量组（100mg/kg）、单体化合物中剂量组（7.5mg/kg）抑制率分别为62.21%、57.67%;脾指数、胸腺指数均高于对照组和环磷酰胺（CTX）组,白介素-2（IL-2）的含量明显高于对照组和环磷酰胺（CTX）组（P＜0.01）;肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）含量明显低于对照组（P＜0.01）。因此认为上述石油醚提取物和单体化合物对H22荷瘤小鼠肿瘤有抑制作用,并且均能改善小鼠的免疫功能。     

木蹄层孔菌子实体化学成分及对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用的研究

运用硅胶、sephadex LH-20等柱色谱,从木蹄层孔菌子实体的乙醇提取物分离得到12个化合物,通过单体的理化性质、NMR和MS技术鉴定单体的结构为3-十六碳酸酯-7,22-二烯麦角甾醇（1）,十八烷酸（2）,棕榈酸（3）,7,22-二烯麦角甾-3-酮（4）,麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3-醇（5）,5,8-过氧麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3-醇（6）,3,3-二甲氧基-7,22-二烯麦角烷（7）,28-乙酰白桦脂醇（8）,白桦脂醇（9）,β-羟基十八烷酸（10）,9,10-二羟基十八烷酸（11）,瑞香素（12）。采用Alamar Blue法检测单体化合物对人肺癌细胞NCI-H 460和人胃癌细胞SGC-7901的抑制活性。结果表明,化合物4对NCI-H 460细胞株的抑制活性最高,化合物9对SGC-7901的抑制活性最高。     

两株地理隔离的桦褐孔菌深层发酵产生抗氧化次生代谢产物的代谢组学分析

采用基于核磁共振代谢组学的方法研究了两株地理隔离的桦褐孔菌中国牡丹江菌株(IOM)和芬兰万塔菌株(IOV)在深层培养过程中主要代谢产物组成的差异。IOM和IOV两菌株在培养过程中积累菌丝体生物量、菌丝体酚类(TMP)以及三萜化合物(TMT)的过程相似,但IOM菌株产生较高水平的TMP。代谢产物组成动力学比较结果表明,IOM在第3天含有较高水平的硬毛素类似物、桦褐孔菌二糖和TMT,但在第5天均有所下降。导致这些差异的代谢产物为fuscoparianolD,21,24-羊毛甾-7,9(11),23-三烯-3β,22,25-三醇,羊毛甾-8,23-二烯-3β,22,25-三醇,23,24-环戊羊毛甾-3β,21,25-三醇-8-烯,桦褐孔菌二糖,phelligridinsC,D及H,甲基地花菌素A和C,地花菌素B,davallialactone及methyl davallialactone。这些代谢产物在IOV的提取物中均参与清除自由基,而在IOM的提取物中主要是酚类化合物参与自由基的清除。两菌株的这些差异反应了环境条件对桦褐孔菌生长及代谢的影响,即不仅影响其次生代谢产物的合成,还影响代谢产物在防止细胞氧化损伤过程中所起的作用。     

火针层孔菌（桑黄）粗多糖对荷瘤小鼠的免疫调节研究

研究了火针层孔菌不同粗多糖对荷瘤小鼠的免疫调节作用。荷瘤小鼠随机分为四组:胞外粗多糖组、菌丝体粗多糖组、子实体粗多糖组和生理盐水阴性对照组。给药10d后测定荷瘤小鼠脾NK细胞活性和脾淋巴细胞的增殖率。结果显示火针层孔菌粗多糖组与阴性对照组相比能够提高小鼠脾NK细胞活性和脾淋巴细胞的增殖率(P<0.01),表明火针层孔菌液体发酵粗多糖和子实体粗多糖对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能均有调节作用。     

担子菌地星菌丝体中一个新的甾醇酯

从担子菌地星(Astraeus hygrometricus)发酵培养菌丝体中分离得到一个新的多羟基甾醇酯,其化学结构通过波谱学方法包括二维核磁共振鉴定为:3β,5α-二羟基-(22E,24R)-麦角甾醇-7,22-二烯-6α-棕榈酸酯。同时还从该菌中分离得到其它三个甾醇类化合物。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism