中国根小蠹属记述(小蠹研究之四)

根小蠹属Hylastes Erichson(1836年)是齿小蠹科中一个较小的属,隶属于海林小蠹亚科Hylesininae,根小蠹族Hylastini;Hagedorn(1910年)曾把广义的Hylastes属分为Scierus,Hylastes,Hylurgops和Hylastinus四个亚属;但Reitter(1913)以后学者把上述各亚属都提升为属,现已被各国学者所通用。     

喙小蠹属新种记述(鞘翅目:小蠹科)

除“西藏昆虫”中曾记录过一种翘角喙小蠹Hyorrhynchus blandfordi Sampson外,本文首次记述了我国的喙小蠹属Hyorrhynchus Blandford。共计5种,有3个新种。5种的检索表及3新种的描述如下。模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所。     

我国齿小蠹属(Ips)的七种小蠹

小蠹,是鞘翅目(Coleoptera)象鼻亚目(Rhynco-phora)中的一科——小蠹科(Scolyfidae)。这一科的昆虫,除个别种类为害草本植物外,都生活在木本植物的树皮内或材质中,是一类主要的森林害虫。齿小蠹属中的云杉八齿小蠹(Ips fypogrophus L.),1956年造成黑龙江大海林地区鱼鳞松大面积枯死。但由于小蠹的体形甚小,过去国内资料极少,因而在实际工作中往往不易分辨。现将我国齿小蠹属的七种小蠹的主要外部形态特征分述如下,以供参考。 一、松六齿小蠹(Ips acuminatus Gyll.) 体长3.4—3.7毫米,老熟成虫黑褐色,有光泽;短     

拟鳞小蠹属一新种(鞘翅目:小蠹科)

Stephen L.Wood和黄复生1986报道（Stephen,1986）,将拟鳞小蠹属Pseudoxylechinus定为新属,包括5种。本文介绍1新种云杉拟鳞小蠹Pseudoxylechinus piceae sp.nov.的形态特征及列出该属6种的检索表。属的特征其中触角锤状部近基1/3处有一横向几丁质嵌隔（上述论文未提及）。     

中国绒根小蠹属记述(小蠹研究之五)

绒根小蠹属Hylurgops Leconte(1876年),属于齿小蠹科Ipidae,海林小蠹亚科Hylesininae,根小蠹族Hylastini。目前世界已知种类(截1960年),约40种,其中产于旧北区和东洋区者超过50％,我国产绒根小蠹属,过去由Eggers(1933年)、Murayama(1940年)、萨卡洛夫斯基(1959年),曾作了零星记述,已知有9种;近年来作者等就我国各地所     

中国剉小蠹属的二新种(小蠹研究之六)

剉小蠹属Scolytoplatypus Schaufuss 1891与齿小蠹科Ipidae的种类相象,但雌虫前足胫节外面粗糙如剉,易于区别。一般多寄生于各种阔叶树的木质部,也有寄生于针叶树内,坑道成梯形。主要分布于亚洲、非洲热带及亚热带地区。全世界已知种类50余种,我国有10余种,而以下列二个新种较为突出,代表着我国产背孔有、无的两个类型。模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。     

西北地区常见小蠹为害状

<正> 小蠹总科Scolytoidea的害虫一般身体较小,种、属特征很容易混淆。在实践中,我们发现用它们整齐而规律性极明显的为害状来区别种类,往往迅速而准确。许多小蠹种类的为害状各具特点,肉眼观察方便,在鉴定时,如果把成虫标本和为害状标本结合起来,就会收到更好的效果,在林间调查中尤为适用。 这里把西北地区常见主要小蠹虫种为害状图解如下,供参考。 脐腹小蠹Scolytus schevyrevi Sem。为害白榆、旱柳的衰弱枝干,形成单纵坑道。母坑长约5—6厘米,子坑密集,有的交叉,在木质部坑迹明显,色灰白(图1)o 黄须球小蠹Sphaerotrypes coimbaterensis Stebb.为害核桃、枫杨。成虫在越冬前的补充营养期蛀食健康活立木的一年生枝顶芽下部,蛀孔圆形,直径约0.2厘米;顶芽因之而枯死。翌春,成虫蛀入衰弱枝干,在树皮下为害,形成单纵坑道。母坑长约0.3—0.4厘米,子坑排列紧凑,整个坑道(包括母坑、子坑、蛹室)均在木质部表面有明显而整齐的迹印,呈灰白色(图2)。 铁杉球小蠹Sphaerotrypes isugae Tsiai et Yin为害铁杉倒木的中下部。寄居皮下,成单纵坑道。母坑     

中国小蠹属新种记述

小蠹属Scolytus Geoffroy为一大属。蔡邦华等(1962)曾将该属种类作过系统修订,并发表了2新种,当时国内已记述的有14种,以后本属种类又有所增加,至今共增添6新种,3新记录,再加原有14种合计全属共23种。为了便于鉴定,特将此23种列检索表如下:1(34)腹部向上收缩较陡,侧面观第1与第2腹板构成直角或钝角腹面,少数种类腹部向上收缩较缓,第1与第2     

皱小蠹的初步研究

<正> 皱小蠹Scolytus rugulosus Ratzeburg广泛分布于喀什、和田、阿克苏、吐鲁番、乌鲁木齐和伊犁等地的水果产区,是苹果、梨、桃、杏、海棠、樱桃、酸梅、李和扁桃上钻蛀树木而且有毁灭性的害虫。我们于1999—1981年,对其生物学特性和防治进行了研究,总结如下。 一、为害情况 凡是由于树龄老、栽培条件差、管理不善和其他病虫为害等造成长势衰弱的果树都易受害;长势强壮的不易受害或受害较轻。     

不同颜色粘虫板对多毛小蠹和皱小蠹的诱集效果

试验对比了红、黄、蓝、绿、黑、白六种颜色粘虫板对新疆吐鲁番地区杏树上多毛小蠹(Scolytus seulensis)和皱小蠹(Scolytus rugulosus)的引诱效果,结果表明红色和黑色粘虫板对多毛小蠹的引诱效果明显高于其他颜色;其中黑色粘虫板对皱小蠹的引诱效果最强,平均每块黑板诱捕到(11.8±5.0)头皱小蠹,红色次之,其他颜色对两种小蠹均无明显的引诱效果;红色粘虫板对多毛小蠹的引诱效果最强,平均每块红板诱捕到(16.±3.0)头多毛小蠹,黑色次之,其他颜色对两种小蠹均无明显的引诱效果.通过色板引诱虫量的变化体现出两种小蠹的不同扬飞高峰期,多毛小蠹的扬飞高峰期应在六月初,而皱小蠹的扬飞高峰出现在六月中旬.     

Sulcatol: population aggregation pheromone in the scolytid beetle, Gnathotrichus sulcatus

The population aggregation pheromone produced by males of Gnathotrichus sulcatus, a timber pest, has been identified from boring dust as a $\text{65}\text{35}$ mixture of the (S)-(+) and the (R)-(?) enantiomers of 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol. In field studies beetles were attracted in a 2·65 female: 1 male ratio by racemic synthetic pheromone.     

Identification of sulcatol, a potential pheromone of the ambrosia beetle Gnathotrichus materiarius (Col., Scolytidae)

Abstract: We report the identification of a potential pheromone for Gnathotrichus materiarius (Fitch) (Col., Scolytidae). The population sex ratio is close to 1 : 1, and males initiate attacks on host trees. Headspace and hindgut samples from single males showed the presence of the putative pheromone 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol, sulcatol. Unmated males released sulcatol for at least 12 days, and ceased producing the pheromone after 20 days. The peak sulcatol release occurred after 2 days. Males cease production of sulcatol 24 h after being paired with females. Single females were unable to initiate galleries, and no sulcatol was detected from their headspace and hindgut samples. The chiral ratio of the pheromone, observed from headspace samples, was 31% (S)-(+)- and 69% (R)-(−)-sulcatol.     

Embryo and Endosperm Function and Failure inSolanumSpecies and Hybrids

Although the importance of the endosperm as a food store inmany angiosperm seeds is well known, its significance duringearly embryogenesis has been neglected. In many interspecifichybrids, and in some other situations, embryos do not developfully and abort. It has often been stated that this is causedby the endosperm failing to conduct sufficient nutrients tothe embryo, but seldom has it been suggested that the endospermactively controls most of the early stages of morphogenesisof the embryo. Information gleaned from a broad survey of theliterature, combined with additional evidence presented here,obtained fromSolanum incanumand interspecific hybrids, indicatethat the endosperm is dynamic and very active in regulatingearly embryo development. This requires highly integrated geneticcontrol of rapidly changing metabolism in the endosperm. Ininterspecific hybrids, lack of coordination may cause unbalancedproduction of growth regulating substances by the endospermand hence abortion of the embryo, or even unregulated productionof nucleases and proteases resulting firstly in autolysis ofthe endosperm and then digestion of the embryo. The endospermmay thus serve to detect inappropriate hybridization of speciesor ploidy levels and so prevent waste of resources by producingseeds that would result in sterile hybrids or unthrifty subsequentgenerations. This discriminatory function of the endosperm hasdiminished during evolution and domestication of the crop plantSolanummelongenaL.Copyright 1998 Annals of Botany Company Solanum, embryo morphogenesis, endosperm, hybrid, seed development.     

HIFs and tumors--causes and consequences

For most organisms oxygen is essential fo life. When oxygen levels drop below those required to maintain the minimum physiological oxygen requirement of an organism or tissue it is termed hypoxia. To counter act possible deleterious effects of such a state, an immediate molecular response is initiated causing adaptation responses aimed at cell survival. This response is mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), which is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha- and a beta-subunit. HIF-1 alpha protein is stabilized under hypoxic conditions and therefore confers selectivity to this response. Hypoxia is characteristic of tumors, mainly because of impaired blood supply resulting from abnormal growth. Over the past few years enormous progress has been made in the attempt to understand how the activation of the physiological response to hypoxia influences neoplastic growth. In this review some aspects of HIF-1 pathway activation in tumors and the consequences for pathophysiology and treatment of neoplasia are discussed.     

Pragmatic Women and Body Politics and Maternities and Modernities: Colonial and Postcolonial Experiences in Asia and the Pacific

Pragmatic Women and Body Politics. Margaret Lock and Patricia A. Kaufert. eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998. xii +364 pp.
Maternities and Modernities: Colonial and Postcolonial Experiences in Asia and the Pacific. Kalpana Ram and Margaret Jolly. eds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998. xiv. 305 pp.