佛司可林类成分的光谱特征(一)

活性二萜佛司可林和异佛司可林已从毛喉鞘蕊花分离得到。本文详细描述了它们的光谱特征(包括一维和二维的核磁共振谱)。     

佛司可林类成分的光谱特征（三）

二萜佛司可林E、F、G、H,已从毛喉鞘蕊花分离得到。本文根据一维和二维的核磁共振谱详细描述了它们的光谱特征,改正了原先错误的指定。     

佛司可林类成分的光谱特征（二）

活性二萜佛司可林A、B、C、D,已从毛喉鞘蕊花分离得到。本文根据一维和二维的核磁共振谱详细描述了它们的光谱特征,改正了原先错误的指定。     

毛喉鞘蕊花愈伤组织的诱导及其活性成分的产生

本文简要报道了毛喉鞘蕊花(Coleus jorskohlii)无菌苗愈伤组织的诱导,初步培养及细胞悬浮培养,同时对培养细胞中的有效成分进行了初步分析。     

季节性干旱对白皮乌口树(Tarenna depauperata Hutchins)水分状况、叶片光谱特征和荧光参数的影响

干热河谷稀树灌丛常绿植物能够忍受长达半年以上的季节性干旱胁迫,但对这些常绿植物响应干旱胁迫的生理生态机制研究很少。本研究以干热河谷稀树灌丛优势常绿植物白皮乌口树(Tarenna depauperata Hutchins)为研究对象,分别在雨季和干季测定其叶片的水势、压力-体积曲线、气体交换参数、叶片光谱特征以及叶绿素荧光和P700的光能分配。结果显示:受严重季节性干旱胁迫的影响,与雨季相比,干季的凌晨叶片水势(Ψpd)下降至-4.5 MPa,水分传导的叶比导率(KL)下降了49.5%,叶绿素反射指数(NDVI)下降了40.6%,花青素反射指数(ARI)上升至0.074(约为雨季的12.3倍),并且雨季和干季的叶片水势、水分传导效率、叶绿素含量和花青素含量均差异显著(P0.05)。与雨季相比,干旱导致光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)最大光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm)显著下降至0.72(P0.05),即PSⅡ发生光抑制,而光系统Ⅰ(PSⅠ)的活性(Pm)未发生明显变化;干季叶片的最大非光化学淬灭(NPQ)增加了31%,而激发的最大环式电子传递速率(CEF)下降了66%。表明长期干旱胁迫使CEF的激发受到强烈抑制,即光能捕获效率的降低和NPQ的增强促进了白皮乌口树在长期干旱胁迫下的光保护。     

Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Pseudomonas fluorescens on root-rot and wilt,growth and yield of Coleus forskohlii

Root-rot and wilt caused by Fusarium chlamydosporum affects the cultivation of Coleus forskohlii, a medicinal plant grown for its roots, which contain a pharmaceutically important compound called forskolin. In this study, management of this disease under low and high inoculum levels was assessed with four arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. The AM fungus Glomus fasciculatum and P. fluorescens were the most effective treatments that reduced the severity of root-rot and wilt of C. forskohlii by 56–65% and 61–66%, respectively, under lower and higher levels of pathogen F. chlamydosporum. G. fasciculatum increased the dry shoot and root weight by 108–241% and 92–204%, respectively, while in plants treated with P. fluorescens, an increase of 97–223% and 97–172% in dry shoot and root weight, respectively, was observed. Although P. fluorescens was effective, it gave higher root yields only under lower inoculum level of the pathogen. G. fasciculatum performed equally well under both lower and higher inoculum levels. Increase in yields with both the biocontrol agents was accompanied by increase in P uptake (230–303%) and in K uptake (270–335%). The forskolin content of the roots was significantly increased (14–21%) by G. fasciculatum, P. fluorescens or G. mosseae under lower inoculum level of pathogen.     

牛心朴子中三个新C21甾体配糖体

从宁夏产植物牛心朴子（Cymmehumkomarovii Al．IIjinski）须根的乙醇提取物中分离并鉴定了4个C21甾体配糖体：白前苷元C 3-O-β—D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-α-L-吡喃磁麻糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃毛地黄毒糖基-（1→4）-β—D-吡喃夹竹桃糖苷（1）,白前苷元A 3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-α-D-吡喃夹竹桃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃毛地黄毒糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃夹竹桃糖苷（2）,白前苷元C3-O-β—D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-α—D-吡喃夹竹桃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃磁麻糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃夹竹桃糖苷（3）,白前苷元A3-O-β—D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-（1→4）-α—D-吡喃夹竹桃糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃磁麻糖基-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃夹竹桃糖苷（4）,分别命名为komarosideI（1）,komarosideJ（2）,komarosideK（3）,komarosideL（4）,除化合物1外,其余化合物均为新化合物。     

High forskolin production in hairy roots of Coleus forskohlii

Hairy roots of Coleus forskohlii were induced by infection with the Agrobacterium rhizogenes MAFF 03-01724 strain. Growth and forskolin production of two hairy root clones cultured in various liquid media were examined. Hairy root clone B9 grew well in woody plant liquid medium and showed a high forskolin yield (ca. 1.3 mg/ 100 ml flask) after 5 weeks of culture. The time course of growth and forskolin production of the clone B9 cultured in woody plant liquid medium was also examined. Rapid growth started at week 2 and continued until week 5. The highest forskolin yield (ca. 1.6 mg/100 ml flask) was obtained at week 5. Productivity was much higher than that previously reported. Received: 19 June 1997 / Revision received: 6 October 1997 / Accepted: 18 October 1997     

The root endophyte fungus Piriformospora indica leads to early flowering,higher biomass and altered secondary metabolites of the medicinal plant,Coleus forskohlii

This study was undertaken to investigate the influence of plant probiotic fungus Piriformospora indica on the medicinal plant C. forskohlii. Interaction of the C. forskohlii with the root endophyte P. indica under field conditions, results in an overall increase in aerial biomass, chlorophyll contents and phosphorus acquisition. The fungus also promoted inflorescence development, consequently the amount of p-cymene in the inflorescence increased. Growth of the root thickness was reduced in P. indica treated plants as they became fibrous, but developed more lateral roots. Because of the smaller root biomass, the content of forskolin was decreased. The symbiotic interaction of C. forskohlii with P. indica under field conditions promoted biomass production of the aerial parts of the plant including flower development. The plant aerial parts are important source of metabolites for medicinal application. Therefore we suggest that the use of the root endophyte fungus P. indica in sustainable agriculture will enhance the medicinally important chemical production.     

Extracts of Coleus forskohlii relieves cough and asthma symptoms via modulating inflammation and the extracellular matrix

Asthma is characterized by airway inflammatory infiltration, which leads to airway remodeling and airway hyperreactivity. Coleus forskohlii (CFK) has been used to treat asthma, however, the mechanism involved is not clear. To explore the antiasthma mechanism of extracts of Coleus forskohlii (ECFK), guinea pigs were administered with a spray of phosphoric acid histamine, and rats were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA). Hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E) were used to evaluate pathological changes in lung tissue. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine cytokine levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were used to assess the expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), phosphorylation of p65 (p-p65), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1). After ECFK treatment, the asthma incubation period of guinea pigs was significantly prolonged. The H&E results showed that the number of eosinophils in the 12.8 g/kg ECFK group was significantly lower when compared with the control group. Moreover, ELISA results demonstrated that interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-17 in serum and BALF were significantly decreased, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and IL-10 were increased after ECFK treatment. In addition, ECFK treatment resulted in downregulation of ICAM-1, p-p65, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 in lung tissue after being sensitized by OVA. In conclusion, our findings indicated that ECFK significantly alleviated OVA-induced inflammatory infiltration and airway remodeling in asthma. This study laid a theoretical foundation for the clinical use of ECFK.     

Labdane Diterpenoids from Coleus forskohlii （Willd.） Briq.

in order to investigate the active substances of Coleus forskohlii（Wiiid.） Brlq., a new labdane dlterpenold, 12- hydroxy-8,13E-labdadlen-15.olc acid, together with two 8,13-epoxylabd-14-ene-11-one dlterpenolds, 6-acetyl-1- deoxyforskolln and 6-acetyl-1,9-dldeoxyforskolln, was Isolated on the basis of various chromatographic technlques and spectroscopic methods.     

Enhanced forskolin production in genetically transformed cultures of Coleus forskohlii by casein hydrolysate and studies on growth and organisation

Casein hydrolysate at 2.0 g l^–1 significantly enhanced forskolin content (2.3 mg g^–1 cell dry wt) in a rhizogenic tumourous line, GCO-RCH-2 of Coleus forskohlii. In rooty teratoma line, RC-ST-2/4, forskolin content enhanced to 1.7 mg g^–1 cell dry wt in presence of 2.5 g l^–1 casein hydrolysate. Unlike untransformed calli and rhizogenic/root cultures, all the forskolin yielding transformed cultures of C. forskohlii have been maintained for over 5 years.