HPLC指纹图谱技术在灵芝组织分离试验中的应用

利用HPLC指纹图谱技术研究从同一灵芝子实体不同部位组织分离获得的菌株三萜化合物的差异。用常规组织分离方法获得不同菌株,在A、B、C、D四种培养基上进行出菇试验,运用HPLC指纹图谱技术获得各子实体三萜提取物HPLC指纹图谱,计算图谱间的相似度,分析三萜指纹的差异。结果表明,从子实体不同部位分离获得的四个菌株在同一培养基相同条件下培养获得的灵芝子实体的三萜指纹图谱相似度均大于0.99;同一部位分离获得的菌株在不同培养基相同培养条件下获得的子实体,其粗三萜HPLC图谱相似度均大于0.96;不同的组织分离部位和不同的培养基对灵芝菌株三萜指纹图谱的影响均不显著。18号菌株在C培养基上培养获得的子实体三萜含量最高,上层菌肉为最优组织分离部位,C培养基为最优培养基。灵芝的三萜组成不受生长环境的影响,而生长环境会对其三萜化合物含量产生一定的影响。本文首次应用HPLC指纹图谱方法对灵芝组织分离获得的菌株的差异性进行了研究。     

HPLC指纹图谱技术在灵芝组织分离试验中的应用

利用HPLC指纹图谱技术研究从同一灵芝子实体不同部位组织分离获得的菌株三萜化合物的差异。用常规组织分离方法获得不同菌株,在A、B、C、D四种培养基上进行出菇试验,运用HPLC指纹图谱技术获得各子实体三萜提取物HPLC指纹图谱,计算图谱间的相似度,分析三萜指纹的差异。结果表明,从子实体不同部位分离获得的四个菌株在同一培养基相同条件下培养获得的灵芝子实体的三萜指纹图谱相似度均大于0．99;同一部位分离获得的菌株在不同培养基相同培养条件下获得的子实体,其粗三萜HPLC图谱相似度均大于0．96;不同的组织分离部位和不同的培养基对灵芝菌株三萜指纹图谱的影响均不显著。18号菌株在C培养基上培养获得的子实体三萜含量最高,上层菌肉为最优组织分离部位,C培养基为最优培养基。灵芝的三萜组成不受生长环境的影响,而生长环境会对其三萜化合物含量产生一定的影响。本文首次应用HPLC指纹图谱方法对灵芝组织分离获得的菌株的差异性进行了研究。     

金线莲HPLC指纹图谱研究

以14批不同来源金线莲药材为原料,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC),乙腈-甲酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,建立栽培及野生金线莲(Anoectochilus roxburgii)的指纹图谱,结合相似度分析,探讨金线莲与银线莲(Goodyera hachijoensis)的差异。结果表明,金线莲HPLC指纹图谱标定了24个共有峰,并指认了金线莲苷和葫芦巴碱、鼠李素-3-O-芸香糖苷、槲皮素、山柰酚、异鼠李素、Batatasin-Ⅲ等6个共有峰。除3批药材外,其余11批相似度均高于0.910,相似度总体较好。银线莲图谱相似度仅达0.529、0.721、0.698,均低于14批金线莲样品间的相似度。根据相似度评价,认为金线莲与银线莲存在差异,该结果可为分析评价金线莲与银线莲差异提供参考。     

柴胡属植物HPLC指纹图谱及聚类分析

为给柴胡属植物的合理使用和基源选育提供理论依据,本文用HPLC法建立了北柴胡标准指纹图谱,确立了14个色谱峰为共有峰,测定了13批不同基源柴胡的指纹图谱及相似度,并对包括北柴胡在内的23批柴胡进行聚类分析。实验结果显示13批不同基源柴胡相似度均高于0.8,与北柴胡具有较高的相似性,可作为优质柴胡资源进一步研究。聚类分析结果显示竹叶柴胡聚为一类,北柴胡聚为一类,马尔康柴胡、马尾柴胡和抱茎柴胡聚为一类,与竹叶柴胡基源更为接近,聚类分析结果与传统分类结果具有一致性,可用于柴胡属植物的基源鉴定。     

秦艽提取物的高效液相色谱指纹图谱研究

本文采用梯度洗脱法建立了秦艽提取物的HPLC指纹图谱。流动相：甲醇-0．1％冰醋酸梯度洗脱（甲醇浓度变化：0.12min,20～45％;12～45min,45～100％）,检测波长：260nm,并采用国家药典委员会出版的“中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统2004A版”软件进行谱图比较。结果10批次提取物指纹图谱相似度均大于0．90,建立了一种方便、准确、可靠的提取物指纹图谱质量控制方法。     

叶下珠药材HPLC指纹图谱的比较研究

采用反相高效液相色谱法,对叶下珠药材不同产地、不同采收期、不同部位指纹图谱进行测定和比较分析,并与中成药叶下珠胶囊的HPLC指纹图谱进行了比较研究。结果显示:(1)建立了叶下珠药材的HPLC特征指纹图谱,标定18个共有峰,利用对照品指认4个峰;11批(来源地不同)叶下珠样品的HPLC图谱相似度(相合系数,均值)在0.89~0.99之间。(2)7批不同采收期的叶下珠药材的HPLC指纹图谱相似度在0.94以上,各共有峰的峰面积大多随生长期而增加,至10月5日达到最高,建议叶下珠药材应于每年的10月上旬进行采收。(3)不同部位叶下珠药材HPLC指纹图谱相似度分析发现,叶、果的相似度较高(0.98~0.99),根、茎的相似度较低(0.86~0.87),说明根、茎中各成分含量较低,建议采收叶下珠药材的地上部分即可。(4)比较叶下珠胶囊和叶下珠药材的指纹图谱,发现二者的化学成分非常相似,但峰面积差异较大,其差异可能是由于加工过程所致。该研究所建立的HPLC指纹图谱分析方法简便、重现性好,可用于叶下珠药材及中成药的鉴定与质量评价。     

广西铁皮石斛HPLC指纹图谱研究

采用HPLC法建立广西铁皮石斛提取液的指纹图谱,运用相似度评价药材质量。结果表明,在13个共有峰构成的铁皮石斛指纹图谱中,有11批药材相似度均在0.8以上,2批的相似度较差,未达到0.8,表明相似度大小与药材的产地有关。通过对栽培铁皮石斛不同部位药材的指纹图谱峰面积的比较,不提倡对药材提早采收。3批组织培养铁皮石斛的图谱相似度较低,说明培养到不同阶段的铁皮石斛材料组织培养物,其化学成分相差较大。     

四川GAP基地虎杖药材HPLC指纹图谱研究

为了建立虎杖GAP基地药材HPLC指纹图谱,采用梯度洗脱法,对虎杖野生与种植药材进行了HPLC代测定。流动相为乙腈-0．1％磷酸水溶液线性梯度洗脱,检测波长为230nm;记录时间：70min;采用中南大学出版的指纹图谱相似度比较软件进行比较。通过软件的比较,虎杖野生与种植药材的指纹图谱相似度均大于0．90。说明运用梯度洗脱能很好分离虎杖的各类成分,本文所建立的方法可作为虎杖药材质量标准制定的参考依据。     

药用菊三七的HPLC指纹图谱

目的:建立药用菊三七的HPLC指纹图谱,为中药材质量控制提供有效的方法。方法:CBL C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-水溶液梯度洗脱;检测波长212 nm;柱温25℃;流速1.0 mL.m in-1;分析时间90 m in。结论:成功建立起其指纹图谱,并认为该方法稳定可靠,可以对该植物将来作为药物制剂的原材料进行质量控制提供参考。     

不同品种玫瑰花药材的HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的:建立中药玫瑰花的高效液相色谱指纹图谱,为科学评价和有效控制其质量提供可靠的方法。方法:用HPLC-UV方法测定了11份玫瑰花样品,采用中国药典委员会颁布的中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价2004A系统建立了玫瑰花药材指纹图谱,并进行相似度评价和聚类分析。结果:11份玫瑰花样品的HPLC指纹图谱有18个共有峰,有10份样品相似度都在0.8以上,聚类分析时归为一类。结论:建立了玫瑰花不同品种的HPLC指纹图谱,并比较了其之间的差异,该方法稳定、可靠、精密度高、重复性好,可为中药玫瑰花的质量评价体系的建立提供科学依据。     

狭长孢灵芝液体发酵上清液抗氧化活性研究

狭长孢灵芝Ganoderma boninense是最重要的木生真菌之一,主要分布于热带地区,在马来西亚和印度尼西亚是油棕榈树的严重病原菌。本研究以分离自马来西亚雪兰莪州而榄的油棕榈种植园中,生长于油棕榈活树基部狭长孢灵芝子实体的3株菌株为材料,对其抗氧化活性进行了评估。在液体培养的第2、4、6、8、10和12天分别取菌丝体和发酵液,测定菌丝体生物量及发酵上清液中粗多糖、多酚、黄酮和抗坏血酸的含量,并对发酵上清液的相关抗氧化性能指标进行了分析。3个菌株的发酵上清液均表明狭长孢灵芝具有良好的抗氧化活性,但不同菌株在某些次级代谢产物含量和抗氧化指标上表现出强弱程度及出现时间的差异。狭长孢灵芝的多糖和多酚含量以及铁离子还原能力均优于另外两个重要的药用木生真菌,即灵芝Ganoderma lingzhi和栎生桑黄Sanghuangporus quercicola。本研究表明狭长孢灵芝具有开展人工栽培和进行更多药用研究的价值。     

Rocket-powered high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of plant ascorbate and glutathione

We describe a robust procedure for the extraction and high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of L-ascorbate (vitamin C), glutathione (gamma-glutamyl cysteinylglycine), and their respective oxidized forms from various plant tissues. Parameters such as the choice of extraction buffer, tissue disruption technique, sample stability, and separation conditions have all been optimized. In particular we found that the inclusion of the reducing agent dithiothreitol as a "stabilizer" in extracts with high phenolic content actually promoted oxidation of these antioxidants. Further, by using commercially available short "Rocket" HPLC columns in combination with high mobile-phase flow rates, analysis times were reduced to only 6min, making the method suitable for the high-resolution screening of large numbers of samples.     

Direct high-performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of beta-lactam stereoisomers

High-performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of the enantiomers of 12 beta-lactams. Direct separations were performed on chiral stationary phases (CSPs) containing cellulose-tris-3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate (Chiralcel OD-RH and OD-H columns), the macrocyclic glycopeptide antibiotic teicoplanin (Chirobiotic T column), or teicoplanin aglycone (Chirobiotic TAG column) as the chiral selector. It was clearly established that, with teicoplanin-based columns, the teicoplanin aglycone was most often responsible for the enantioseparation of the beta-lactams. The difference in enantioselective free energy between the aglycone CSP and the teicoplanin CSP was in the range between 0.02 and 0.97 kJ mol(-1) for these beta-lactam stereoisomer separations. The separations were carried out with high selectivity and resolution, and the method was therefore suitable for monitoring of the enantiomeric excess after chiral synthesis. The Chirobiotic and Chiralcel columns appear to be highly complementary to one another. The best separation of this class of beta-lactam compound could be obtained using the Chirobiotic TAG in the polar-organic mode plus the Chiralcel OD-H in the normal-phase mode. The elution sequence was also determined.     

Effects of microbial volatile organic compounds on Ganoderma lucidum growth and ganoderic acids production in Co-v-cultures (volatile co-cultures)

Abstract

Co-v-culture (co-cultivations of physically separated microbes that only interact through the air) systems were designed to investigate the effects of microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) from about 20 different microbes, on a medicinal fungus, Ganoderma lucidum. For more accuracy in co-cultivations, a novel synchronized cultivation approach was tested for culturing G. lucidum. The hyphal growth of G. lucidum and the content of its ganoderic acids (GAs) were measured. In almost all of the co-v-cultures, there was an inhibiting effect on hyphal growth and a promoting effect on GAs contents. In inducing GAs production, Bacillus cereus PTCC 1247 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa UTMC 1404 were the most effective ones, as, compared to control cultures, GAs content increased 2.8 fold. Comparing different co-v-cultivations demonstrated that the concentrations of mVOCs, oxygen, and carbon dioxide were the main players in co-v-cultures. No correlation was found between hyphal growth and GAs production. Strains of the same species imposed totally different effects on hyphal growth or GAs production. This study has investigated the effects of mVOCs on G. lucidum for the first time. Moreover, it suggests that co-v-cultivation may be a promising biotechnological approach to improve the production in G. lucidum.     

Optimal extraction conditions for high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of nucleotides in yeast

Different extraction methods of nucleotides from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were compared. A new extraction solution--formic acid saturated with 1-butanol--was found to be more effective than the commonly used solutions of trichloroacetic acid, perchloric acid, or formic acid alone. Using this solution the optimal extraction conditions were established. Nucleotide recovery was evaluated by adding standard nucleotides to the extraction medium and carrying them together with the cells through the whole extraction procedure. Nucleotides were separated and quantitated by high-performance liquid chromatography on an anion-exchange column.     

Sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of famotidine in plasma : Application to pharmacokinetic study

A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the quantitation of famotidine in human plasma is described. Clopamide was used as the internal standard. Plasma samples were extracted with diethyl ether to eliminate endogenous interferences. Plasma samples were then extracted at alkaline pH with ethyl acetate. Famotidine and the internal standard were readily extracted into the organic solvent. After evaporation of ethyl acetate, the residue was analysed by HPLC. The chromatographic separation was accomplished with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile—water (12:88, v/v) containing 20 mM disodium hydrogenphosphate and 50 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate, adjusted to pH 3. The HPLC microbore column was packed with 5 μm ODS Hypersil. Using ultraviolet detection at 267 nm, the detection limit for plasma famotidine was 5 ng/ml. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range 5–500 ng/ml. The inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variation were found to be less than 10%. Applicability of the method was demonstrated by a bioavailability/pharmacokinetic study in normal volunteers who received 80 mg famotidine orally.     

Characterization of human alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes by high-performance liquid chromatographic peptide mapping

Human liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH, EC 1.1.1.1) is a large and heterogeneous family of isoenzymes and the high-performance liquid chromatographic peptide mapping technique which was developed here recognizes differences and similarities between them. Isoenzymes were S-carboxymethylated, digested with trypsin, and the mixtures of tryptic peptides fractionated by reverse-phase gradient chromatography on octadecylsilane columns, using perchlorate-phosphate buffer and acetonitrile as eluants. The resultant peptide maps were reproducible, showing great similarities between the αβγ-ADH isoenzymes (now called Class I) on the one hand and remarkable differences between these and both the π- and χ-ADH isoenzymes (now called Class II and III, respectively) on the other. This implies that these three isoenzyme groups have characteristic primary structures which correspond to their typical substrate specificities and kinetics.