Transfer of members of the genus Falcivibrio to the genus Mobiluncus, and emended description of the genus Mobiluncus

It has long been thought that the genera Mobiluncus and Falcivibrio contain the same organisms. Using a polyphasic approach, it was found that Mobiluncus curtisii and Mobiluncus mulieris were the same as Falcivibrio vaginalis and Falcivibrio grandis, respectively. As the genus name Mobiluncus takes precedence, it is proposed that F. vaginalis and F. grandis be transferred to the genus Mobiluncus. In agreement with previous studies, results from phenotypic tests did not support the separation of M. curtisii strains into its two subspecies, M. curtisii subsp. curtisii and M. curtisii subsp. holmesii. Phenotypic complexity within M. curtisii dictates that the species should be treated as a complex until more in-depth analyses of the species have been performed. Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, demonstrated that the genus Mobiluncus was associated with Varibaculum cambriense and the two subspecies of Actinomyces neuii, and that A. neuii is only distantly related to Actinomyces sensu stricto.     

中国天山的平蒴藓属（Plagiobryum Lindb.）植物

平蒴藓属PlagiobryumLindb.(真藓科Bryaceae)植物在世界上共有8种(IndexMuscorum;Ochi1959,1970;Hedderson1990;Hedderson&Harold1990).中国大陆记录有3种分布(陈邦杰等1963;张满祥1978;Redfearn&Wu1986;Redfearn,Tan&He1996).其中,钝叶平蒴藓(P.giraldii(C.Muell.)Par.)特产于秦岭太白山(张满祥1978).作者基于在天山的实地考察和对标本的研究,报道了中国天山产的平蒴藓属植物共有2种即平蒴藓(P.zierii(Hedw.)Lindb.)和尖叶平蒴藓(P.demissum(Hoppe&Hornsch.)Lindb.),其中的平蒴藓为该区分布的首次记录.从种的现代地理分布和区域地理特点来看,这2种均属泛北极分布类型.依据所采的标本对它们进行了详细描述和绘图.中国天山平蒴藓属分种检索表如下1.植物体上部银白色或白色,下部红褐色.叶覆瓦状排列,卵圆形,内凹;中肋及顶或达于叶尖稍下处终止.孢蒴长棒状,平列或略倾斜1.平蒴藓P.zierii(Hedw.)Lindb.1.植物体红褐色.叶直立,披针形至卵圆状披针形;中肋突出叶尖.孢蒴梨形,下倾2.尖叶平蒴藓P.demissum(Hope&Hornsch.)Lindb.     

Flavonoids from the genus Taxus

From the needles of Taxus baccata the following flavonoids were isolated: 3-O-rutinosides quercetin, myricetin and kaempferol, 7-O-glucosides kaempferol and quercetin, kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin. The composition of flavonols and biflavones in some of the species of the genus Taxus, namely T. celebica, T. cuspidata, T. media and cultivar varieties T. baccata 'Aurea', T. baccata 'Aurea decora', T. baccata 'Elegantissima', T. baccata 'Fastigiata', T. baccata 'Pyramidalis', T. media 'Hatfieldii' were compared by HPLC separation.     

Chemotaxonomy of the genus Talaromyces

Species of the ascomycetous genus Talaromyces have been examined for profiles of secondary metabolites on TLC. The greatest number of specific metabolites were produced on oatmeal-, malt extract- and yeast-extract sucrose agars. Profiles of intracellular secondary metabolites produced on oatmeal agar were specific for each species and provided a means of simple differentiation of the taxa. Examination of the most important species using high performence liquid chromatography (HPLC) allowed to solve some taxonomic problems. Known mycotoxins are produced by T. stipitatus (duclauxin, talaromycins, botryodiploidin), T. stipitatus chemotype II (emodin), T. panasenkoi (spiculisporic acid), T. trachyspermus (spiculisporic acid), T. trac macrosporus (duclauxin) and T. wortmannii (rugulosin). Wortmannin is produced by an atypical strain of T. flavus but not T. wortmannii. Several other secondary metabolites were discovered for the first time in the following species: Glauconic acid is produced by T. panasenkoi, T. ohiensis and T. trachyspermus; vermiculine by T. ohiensis; duclauxin by T. flavus var. macrosporus and the mitorubrins by T. flavus and T. udagawae. The profiles of secondary metabolites support the established taxonomy of the species based on morphology, showing the genetic stability of profiles of secondary metabolites in Talaromyces. Two new taxa are proposed: T. macrosporus comb. nov. (stat. anam. Penicillium macrosporum stat. nov.), and Penicillium vonarxii, sp. nov. for the anamorph of T. luteus.     

Constituents of the genus Oxylobus

The aerial parts of Oxylobus arbutifolius and O. adscendens gave eudesmanolides and labdane derivatives as well as two new euparin derivatives.     

Heterochromatin in the genus Artemia

A bisexual species of the genus Artemia (Crustacea, Phyllopoda), Artemia franciscana Barigozzi of San Francisco Bay and a parthenogenetic population of Artemia sp. of Tsing-Tao (China), both with 42 chromosomes, were compared with respect to the microscopic structure of the interphase larval nucleus, the microscopical structure of the prophase chromosomes and the DNA structure. — Artemia franciscana exhibits several chromocenters in the resting nucleus, heterochromatic blocks located at the end of the prophase chromosomes, and a large amount of repetitive DNA (Alu I 110-bp fragments). The other Artemia sp. lacks chromocenters, heterochromatic blocks in the chromosomes, and the Alu I DNA. The two populations thus differ by a remarkable amount of repetitive DNA.The authors dedicate this paper to Professor Hans Bauer, on the occasion of his 80th birthday     

Cyanogenesis in the genus Zieria

Examination of leaf material from some 200 specimens representing most of the known Zieria taxa showed that cyanogenesis was evident among 69% of the samples.     

Studies in the genus Capsicum

Meiotic chromosomes in the P.M.C.'s of cultivated peppers regularly show pycnotic degeneration and stickiness together with defective spindle movement and cytokinesis. These irregularities are held to follow from the genotypic unbalance which results from the inbreeding which has accompanied cultivation.This paper was prepared in the Department of Genetics, University of Birmingham while the author was a recipient of a British Council Scholarship.     

Photoreactivation in the genus Bacillus

Photoreactivation of ultraviolet radiation-induced DNA damage was examined in exponential-phase cells of six mesophilic species of the genus Bacillus. Under the experimental conditions used, it was observed that the laboratory strains B. cereus strain T and B. thuringiensis var. thuringiensis strain NRRL-B4039 exhibited strong photoreactivation (86-fold and 70-fold respectively). Bacillus licheniformis strain ATCC 8480 exhibited moderate (15-fold) photoreactivation. Weak photoreactivation was observed in B. subtilis strain 168 (4-fold) and B. megaterium strain QM B1551 (3.4-fold). Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain H demonstrated no detectable photoreactivation.     

Anthocyanins in the genus Erica

3-Glucosides, 3-galactosides and 3-arabinosides of cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, peonidin and pelargonidin have been identified as major floral pigments in Erica (Ericaceae). Unidentified 3-biosides are present as minor pigments in some species. A comparison is made with floral anthocyanins occurring in the related family Epacridaceae.     

Biflavones from the genus Podocarpus

A new biflavonoid, podocarpusflavanone, has been isolated from Podocarpus taxifolia and identified by chemical and spectral data as I-4′,I-5,II-5-trihydroxy-II-4′,I-7,II-7-trimethoxy-I-2,3-dihydro-[I-3′,II-8]biflavone along with other biflavonoids. The distribution of biflavonyl pigments in eight Podocarpus species is outlined.     

Synopsis of the genus Wrightoporia

The genus Wrightoporia has been amended to include resupinate to pileate polypores with clamped generative hyphae, dextrinoid skeletal hyphae and small, smooth to ornamented amyloid spores. A key is given to the 7 accepted species and W. cinnamomea and W. cylindrospora are described as new. The combination W. subrutilans (Murr.) Ryv. is proposed.